Changes

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

Hikka (hiccups) and shwasa (shortness of breath) may be caused due to pandu roga. (Chakrapani Cha. Chi 17/1). That is why this chapter follows pandu roga chapter. Hikka and shwasa have common etiological factors like raja (pollen or dust particles), dhuma (smoke) etc. (karana), location (sthana) and treatment or mula. For that reason, both conditions are described in the same chapter.

''Hikka'' (hiccups) and ''shwasa'' (shortness of breath) may be caused due to ''pandu roga''. (Chakrapani Cha. Chi 17/1). That is why this chapter follows the chapter on [[Pandu Chikitsa]]. ''Hikka'' and ''shwasa'' have common etiological factors like raja (pollen or dust particles), ''dhuma'' (smoke) etc. (''karana''), location (''sthana'') and treatment or ''mula''. For that reason, both conditions are described in the same chapter.

Hikka and shwasa are two diseases of serious nature and can cause death if not treated properly. The etiological factors, site, origin of both hikka and shwasa are same, and hence the line of treatment is also common. The aetiological factors related to food, regimen and mental faculties lead to the aggravation of vata in the pranavahasrotas and derangement of kapha situated in the chest region producing lethal blockage of pranavayu.  

''Hikka'' and ''shwasa'' are two diseases of serious nature and can cause death if not treated properly. The etiological factors, site, origin of both ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' are same, and hence the line of treatment is also common. The etiological factors related to food, regimen and mental faculties lead to the aggravation of ''vata'' in the ''pranavahasrotas'' and derangement of ''kapha'' situated in the chest region producing lethal blockage of ''pranavayu''.  

The maha (severe form), gambhira (having depth) and vyapeta (originating after food and with complications) types of hikka are incurable.  If the vyapeta or yamala hikka (with two hiccups together) is associated with symptoms of emaciation, delirium, pain, excess thirst and stupor then it is incurable for treatment, while it is curable in non emaciated and mentally strong individual with unimpaired dhatus and indriyas performing their normal function. Kshudra hikka (minor variety)  and annaja hikka (due to improper food intake)  are curable types of hikka. Maha (severe form), urdhva (shallow respiration) and chinna (irregular pattern dyspnoea) shwasa are incurable and lead to death very fast. Tamaka (with black outs) and kshudra shwasa (minor variety) are curable if patient is strong, and disease is in early stage. While in weak patient they are yapya (palliable).  

 

The patient suffering from hikka and shwasa should be treated with oleation, unctuous sudation to liquefy the accumulated kapha, soften the channels and to facilitate vatanulomana (movement of vata in its normal direction). This should be followed by the administration elimination therapy in the form of vamana (emesis therapy), virechana (purgation), nasya and following of wholesome diet and regimen. The palliative medications should be administered keeping in view the condition of patient and stage of disease. Avoiding the causative factors and following wholesome regimen is important to prevent progress of disease and to reverse the pathogenesis. In brief shodhana followed by brimhana therapy (nourishing therapy) and shamana treatment (palliative therapy) are the ideal management methods in hikka and shwasa.  

The ''maha'' (severe form), ''gambhira'' (having depth) and ''vyapeta'' (originating after food and with complications) types of ''hikka'' are incurable.  If the ''vyapeta'' or ''yamala hikka'' (with two hiccups together) is associated with symptoms of emaciation, delirium, pain, excess thirst and stupor then it is incurable for treatment, while it is curable in non emaciated and mentally strong individual with unimpaired ''dhatus'' and ''indriyas'' performing their normal function. ''Kshudra hikka'' (minor variety)  and ''annaja hikka'' (due to improper food intake)  are curable types of ''hikka''. ''Maha'' (severe form), ''urdhva'' (shallow respiration) and ''chinna'' (irregular pattern dyspnea) ''shwasa'' are incurable and lead to death very fast. ''Tamaka'' (with black outs) and ''kshudra shwasa'' (minor variety) are curable if patient is strong, and disease is in early stage, while in weak patients they are ''yapya'' (work as palliatives).  

 

The patient suffering from ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' should be treated with oleation, unctuous sudation to liquefy the accumulated ''kapha'', soften the channels and to facilitate ''vatanulomana'' (movement of ''vata'' in its normal direction). This should be followed by the administration elimination therapy in the form of ''vamana'' (emesis therapy), ''virechana'' (purgation), ''nasya'' and following of wholesome diet and regimen. The palliative medications should be administered keeping in view the condition of patient and stage of disease. Avoiding the causative factors and following wholesome regimen is important to prevent progress of disease and to reverse the pathogenesis. In brief ''shodhana'' followed by ''brimhana'' therapy (nourishing therapy) and ''shamana'' treatment (palliative therapy) are the ideal management methods in ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===