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→Male genital tract and its disorders
==== Male genital tract and its disorders ====
==== Male genital tract and its disorders ====
By ''retovaha srotas'' the pathway through which the semen flows out shall be considered; which can be correlated to the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct. ''Retovaha srotas'' has been discussed separately to make it understand that is is different than ''shukravaha srotas''. As mentioned earlier ''shukravaha srotas'' comprises of ''medhra'' (the penis) and ''vrishana'' (the scrotum), which is referred for stationary semen; while ''retas'' is the word for virile semen, that is flowing semen. Therefore the words ''shukra'' and ''retas'' have been used separately in different context as per the suitability and the intention of description. [133-139]
By ''retovaha srotas'' the pathway through which the semen flows out shall be considered; which can be correlated to the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct. ''Retovaha srotas'' has been discussed separately to make it understand that is is different than ''shukravaha srotas''. As mentioned earlier ''shukravaha srotas'' comprises of ''medhra'' (the penis) and ''vrishana'' (the scrotum), which is referred for stationary semen; while ''retas'' is the word for virile semen, that is flowing semen. Therefore the words [[shukra]] and ''retas'' have been used separately in different context as per the suitability and the intention of description. [133-139]
===== Abnormal semen =====
===== Abnormal semen =====
====== The characteristics of abnormal semen ======
====== The characteristics of abnormal semen ======
The ''shukra dushti'' has been mentioned as of eight types by Sushruta, although the nomenclature is different.
The [[shukra]] dushti has been mentioned as of eight types by Sushruta, although the nomenclature is different.
'''Table : 1 Classification of ''shukra dushti'' according to Sushruta<ref>Sushruta. Sharira Sthana, Cha.2 Shukrashonitashuddhi Sharira Adhyaya verse 2-3. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref> and ''Ashtanga Sangraha'''''
'''Table : 1 Classification of [[shukra]] dushti according to Sushruta<ref>Sushruta. Sharira Sthana, Cha.2 Shukrashonitashuddhi Sharira Adhyaya verse 2-3. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref> and ''Ashtanga Sangraha'''''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col"| Clinical Conditions
! scope="col"| Clinical Conditions
|-
|-
| ''Vata dushta''
| [[Vata]] dushta
| ''Aruna, krishna varna, phenila, tanu, rooksha, alpa, vilambita vedana yukta''
| Aruna, krishna varna, phenila, tanu, rooksha, alpa, vilambita vedana yukta
| Oligospermia and azospermia, injury, chronic inflammation, low fructose, obstruction in seminal vesicle
| Oligospermia and azospermia, injury, chronic inflammation, low fructose, obstruction in seminal vesicle
|-
|-
| ''Pitta dushta''
| [[Pitta]] dushta
| ''Neela varna, ushna, putigandha, daha chosha'' type of pain during ejaculation
| Neela varna, ushna, putigandha, daha chosha type of pain during ejaculation
| Acute prostitis
| Acute prostitis
|-
|-
| ''Sleshma dushta''
| [[Kapha]] dushta
| ''Shukla varna, atipicchila, prabuta, kandu yukta, visra gandha''
| Shukla varna, atipicchila, prabuta, kandu yukta, visra gandha
| Chronic inflammatory condition, hypofunction of male sex accessory glands
| Chronic inflammatory condition, hypofunction of male sex accessory glands
|-
|-
| ''Kunapa – Shonita dushta''
| Kunapa – Shonita dushta
| Cadaver smelling, ''analpa'', associated with ''osha'' and ''chosha''
| Cadaver smelling, ''analpa'', associated with ''osha'' and ''chosha''
| Hemospermia (benign prostate hypertrophy) or acute injury to external genitals.
| Hemospermia (benign prostate hypertrophy) or acute injury to external genitals.
|-
|-
| ''Granthi–Kapha vata dushta''
| Granthi–[[Kapha]] [[vata]] dushta
| Clot formation
| Clot formation
| Prostatic dysfunction and inflammation
| Prostatic dysfunction and inflammation
|-
|-
| ''Putipuya - pitta kapha dushta''
| Putipuya - [[pitta]] [[kapha]] dushta
| Foul smelling, semen containing ''puya''
| Foul smelling, semen containing ''puya''
| Pyospermia, Chalmydia infection, STD
| Pyospermia, Chalmydia infection, STD
|-
|-
| ''Kshina – pitta vata dushta''
| Kshina – [[pitta]] [[vata]] dushta
| Hypospermia and oligospermia
| Hypospermia and oligospermia
| Decreased semen volume because of obstruction in seminal vesicle.
| Decreased semen volume because of obstruction in seminal vesicle.
|-
|-
| ''Mutrapurishagandhi - Tridosha''
| Mutrapurishagandhi - Tri[[dosha]]
| Semen with smell of urine and feces
| Semen with smell of urine and feces
| Carcinoma, recto – genital urinary tract fistula
| Carcinoma, recto – genital urinary tract fistula
===== Characteristics of normal semen =====
===== Characteristics of normal semen =====
The ''shuddha shukra'' should be white like ''sphatika'', liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.
The shuddha [[shukra]] should be white like ''sphatika'', liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.
Following are the criteria for normal semen according to modern science:
Following are the criteria for normal semen according to modern science: