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Conversely, host clocks are disrupted whenever anticancer drugs are administered at their most toxic time. On the other hand, circadian disruption accelerates experimental and clinical cancer processes. Gender, circadian physiology, clock genes, and cell cycle critically affect outcome on cancer chronotherapeutics. Mathematical and systems biology approaches currently develop and integrate theoretical, experimental, and technological tools in order to further optimize and personalize the circadian administration of cancer treatments.
 
Conversely, host clocks are disrupted whenever anticancer drugs are administered at their most toxic time. On the other hand, circadian disruption accelerates experimental and clinical cancer processes. Gender, circadian physiology, clock genes, and cell cycle critically affect outcome on cancer chronotherapeutics. Mathematical and systems biology approaches currently develop and integrate theoretical, experimental, and technological tools in order to further optimize and personalize the circadian administration of cancer treatments.
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Many biological functions wax and wane in cycles that repeat each day, month, or year. Such patterns do not reflect simply an organism’s passive response to environmental changes, such as daily cycles of light and darkness. Rather, they reflect the organism’s biological rhythms, that is, its ability to keep track of time and to direct changes in function accordingly. Biological rhythms that repeat approximately every 24 hours are called circadian rhythms (from the Latin circa, for around, and dies,for day).
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Many biological functions wax and wane in cycles that repeat each day, month, or year. Such patterns do not reflect simply an organism’s passive response to environmental changes, such as daily cycles of light and darkness. Rather, they reflect the organism’s biological rhythms, that is, its ability to keep track of time and to direct changes in function accordingly. Biological rhythms that repeat approximately every 24 hours are called circadian rhythms (from the Latin circa, for around, and dies,for day).<ref>Groos, G.A., and Hendriks, J., “Circadian Rhythm in Electrical Discharge of Rat Suprachiasmatic
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Neurones Recorded in Vitro,” Neuroscience Letters 34:283-388, 1982.</ref>
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The frequency of heart attacks peaks between 6 a.m. and noon  asthma attacks are most prevalent at night, human babies are born predominantly in the early morning hours. While these patterns do not necessarily indicate that the events are driven by the circadian pacemaker, they do suggest temporal order in the functioning of the human body.  
 
The frequency of heart attacks peaks between 6 a.m. and noon  asthma attacks are most prevalent at night, human babies are born predominantly in the early morning hours. While these patterns do not necessarily indicate that the events are driven by the circadian pacemaker, they do suggest temporal order in the functioning of the human body.  
  

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