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Line 55: − + − ==== Signs of death due to ''Pitta'' disorders ====+ + + Line 95:
Line 97: − ==== Signs of death due to ''Rajayakshma'' and ''Shosha'' ====+ Line 122:
Line 124: − ==== Eight grave diseases leading to death ====+ Line 150:
Line 152: − ==== Death signs after ''Virechana'' (purgation) ====+ Line 166:
Line 168: − ==== Dryness as death sign ====+ Line 182:
Line 184: − ==== Feeble voice as death sign ====+ Line 209:
Line 211: − ==== Signs of death ====+ Line 256:
Line 258: − ==== Various assessment parameters for lifespan and death ====+ Line 316:
Line 318: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 369:
Line 371: − === Glossary === − − #(apasmAra,अपस्मार) - Seizures A neurological condition comprising episodes of fearful paroxysmal movements of the body which are produced by perversion of memory, intelligence and other mental functions along with loss of memory during the episode. − #ādhmāna (AdhmAna, आध्मान) The term signifies distention or inflation of a body part caused due to stagnation of the substances inside it; but generally is taken for distention of the abdomen associated with pain due to various reasons like obstruction to the urine and feces, accumulation of blood in abdomen etc. − #Ānāha आनाह Obstruction, Constipation Obstruction of the feces in the intestine is to be termed as constipation. The term also signifies obstruction to the flow or normal movements of any substance in any part of the body. − #chardi (chardi,छर्दि) - Vomiting A disease in which vomiting is the main symptom. − #gulma (gulma,गुल्म) - Lump in abdomen. A lump like formation occurring in the abdomen either mobile or static in nature, circular in shape and constantly increasing and decreasing in size. − #hikkā (hikkA,हिक्का) – Hiccoughs. A disease characterized by production of peculiar sound like hic-hic by mouth. − #jwara ( jvara,ज्वर) - Pyrexia / fever A sense of non well being in senses, mind and body along with raised body temperature and associated by obstruction to the skin. − #kushtha (kuShTha , कुष्ठ) - Multiple dermatological manifestation Chronic Dermatological diseases characterized by disfiguring and discoloration chronic non- suppurative skin disorders. − #lohitapitta (lohitapittaM,लोहितपित्त) - Hemorrhagic disorder A hemorrhagic disorder in which bleeding occurs through orifices of the body without any direct injury to the body tissues. − #madhumeha (madhumeha, मधुमेह) Diabetes mellitus. A stage of diabetes mellitus where in the urine and blood gets sweetened like honey. − #prameha (prameha,प्रमेह) Diabetes, The disease characterized by symptoms of frequent excessive and turbid urination. − #rajayakshma (rAjayakShmA- राजयक्ष्मा)- means “Roga” (disease) as well as a particular disease i.e. -Disease characterized by generalized wasting of the body tissues caused due to malnourishment as a result of obstruction in the channels. − #shankhak (sha~gkhak, शङ्खक) Intracranial growth, Saggital sinus thrombosis A fatal disease of head characterized by severe pain and swelling in the temporal area. − #shonita (shoNitA-शोणित)- 1. Synonym of Rakta. 2. Synonym of Ārtava − #shosha (shoSha,शोष) - A disease characterized by generalized emaciation. − #trishna (tRuShNA,तृष्णा) - Polydypsia The condition resembles to morbid thirst in which the person even after continuous water intake fails to quench his thirst. − #udara (udara, उदर) - Generalized abdominal enlargement. − #urdhvashvasa (UrdhvashvAsa, ऊर्ध्वश्वास) Stertorous breathing or failing respiration. Characterized by obstructed inspiration due to blockage of respiratory channels − #vatavyadhi(vAtavyAdhi, वातव्याधि) – Special category of diseases caused by vitiation of Vata Dosha − #virechana (virecanA- विरेचन) -Therapeutic purgation. − === References ===+
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We shall now expound the chapter entitled ‘The sensorial prognosis from the observation of the dark brown color of the eye of a man’. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
We shall now expound the chapter "Yasyashyavanimitta" (Signs and Symptoms useful for Palliative Care among Patients approaching Death). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Note: The chapter deals with sensorial prognosis from the observation of the dark brown color of the eye of a man’.
=== Signs of death due to ''Pitta'' disorders ===
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The man whose veins are green and whose hair follicles are closed and who craves for sour things succumb to death due to ''pitta'' disorders. [3-5]
The man whose veins are green and whose hair follicles are closed and who craves for sour things succumb to death due to ''pitta'' disorders. [3-5]
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=== Signs of death due to ''Rajayakshma'' and ''Shosha'' ===
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The burning pain in the shoulder region, hiccup, hematemesis, distension of the stomach and pain in the flanks in patient of consumption will end the life of patient. [6-7]
The burning pain in the shoulder region, hiccup, hematemesis, distension of the stomach and pain in the flanks in patient of consumption will end the life of patient. [6-7]
=== Eight grave diseases leading to death ===
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Patients suffering from other diseases too having above features should be avoided by the physician. [8-9]
Patients suffering from other diseases too having above features should be avoided by the physician. [8-9]
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=== Death signs after ''Virechana'' (purgation) ===
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If abdominal distension of a patient is relieved by purgation for short time and then patient develops thirst, distension of abdomen and severe pain again, then such patient should be considered as a ghost i.e. the patients will surely die soon. [10]
If abdominal distension of a patient is relieved by purgation for short time and then patient develops thirst, distension of abdomen and severe pain again, then such patient should be considered as a ghost i.e. the patients will surely die soon. [10]
=== Dryness as death sign ===
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One who, because of excessive dryness of throat, mouth and chest, is unable to drink anything does not survive.
One who, because of excessive dryness of throat, mouth and chest, is unable to drink anything does not survive.
=== Feeble voice as death sign ===
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The person/ individual whose breathing has been shallow, has subnormal temperature and who feels piercing pains in the groins without experiencing a moment of comfort, should be discarded by the wise physician.[12-13]
The person/ individual whose breathing has been shallow, has subnormal temperature and who feels piercing pains in the groins without experiencing a moment of comfort, should be discarded by the wise physician.[12-13]
=== Signs of death ===
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If after one month, no signs of improvement as the result of soup prepared out of meat and varied other nutritive agents are seen, then the patient’s survival is rare. [14-17]
If after one month, no signs of improvement as the result of soup prepared out of meat and varied other nutritive agents are seen, then the patient’s survival is rare. [14-17]
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=== Various assessment parameters for lifespan and death ===
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The patient, who suffers from rapid loss of strength and muscle wasting, aggravation of disease symptoms and anorexia, does not survive more than three fortnights. [18-22]
The patient, who suffers from rapid loss of strength and muscle wasting, aggravation of disease symptoms and anorexia, does not survive more than three fortnights. [18-22]
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=== Summary ===
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If patient suffers from an incurable disease and shows ''arishta'' signs, he should not be treated and physician should inform the relatives about the exact condition of the patient and suggest care to keep the patient comfortable. If the legal guardian of the patient requests the physician for treatment then only he should treat the patient. [Verse No. 14-17]
If patient suffers from an incurable disease and shows ''arishta'' signs, he should not be treated and physician should inform the relatives about the exact condition of the patient and suggest care to keep the patient comfortable. If the legal guardian of the patient requests the physician for treatment then only he should treat the patient. [Verse No. 14-17]
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== References ==