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Yajjah Purushiya Adhyaya (view source)

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|keywords=Purusha (conscious beings – humans, souls, etc.), agrya samgraha (foremost collection/formulation/medication applicable), hitakara, ahitakara, wholesome, unwholesome, asava (alcoholic preparations), Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 25. Origin of Human Beings and the best things for life

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com~~/mediawiki-1.32.1~~/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=carak samhita

|type=article

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter, the first within the annapana chatushka (tetrad of guidelines on food and beverages), is based on the findings of a congregation of ancient [[Ayurveda]] practitioners and sages, assembled to understand the origin of Purusha (conscious/sentient being) and causes of diseases that afflict the purusha. Different theories to understand various aspects that influence the purusha are postulated, such as those of atma (spirit), ~~mana~~ (mind), rasa (nutrient fluid), shad dhatu (six elements), matru-pitru(parents), karma (past deeds), swabhava (nature), Prajapati (creator), and Kala (time). After considering all these postulations, it is concluded that the same factors that are responsible for the origin of humans are responsible for diseases too. The wholesome diet is responsible for proper growth and development of holistic human being, while the unwholesome diet for diseases. The most commonly applicable wholesome (and unwholesome) diet is discussed with examples. A specific collection called agrya samgraha (collection of definitive and first choice of medication or treatment) is introduced. In all, one hundred fifty-six drugs and therapies have been enumerated in this chapter. Also ingredients used in 84 naturally fermented preparations named ‘asava’ that help in strengthening the patient’s mind, body and digestive power (agni) are listed. </div>

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<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter, the first within the annapana chatushka (tetrad of guidelines on food and beverages), is based on the findings of a congregation of ancient [[Ayurveda]] practitioners and sages, assembled to understand the origin of [[Purusha]] (conscious/sentient being) and causes of diseases that afflict the [[purusha]]. Different theories to understand various aspects that influence the [[purusha]] are postulated, such as those of [[atma]] (spirit), [[manas]] (mind), [[rasa]] (nutrient fluid), shad dhatu (six elements), matru-pitru(parents), karma (past deeds), swabhava (nature), Prajapati (creator), and Kala (time). After considering all these postulations, it is concluded that the same factors that are responsible for the origin of humans are responsible for diseases too. The wholesome diet is responsible for proper growth and development of holistic human being, while the unwholesome diet for diseases. The most commonly applicable wholesome (and unwholesome) diet is discussed with examples. A specific collection called agrya samgraha (collection of definitive and first choice of medication or treatment) is introduced. In all, one hundred fifty-six drugs and therapies have been enumerated in this chapter. Also ingredients used in 84 naturally fermented preparations named ‘asava’ that help in strengthening the patient’s mind, body and digestive power (agni) are listed. </div>

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'''Keywords''': ''Purusha'' (conscious beings – humans, souls, etc.), ''agrya samgraha'' (foremost collection/formulation/medication applicable), ''hitakara, ahitakara,'' wholesome, unwholesome, ''asava'' (alcoholic preparations).

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'''Keywords''': [[Purusha]] (conscious beings – humans, souls, etc.), ''agrya samgraha'' (foremost collection/formulation/medication applicable), ''hitakara, ahitakara,'' wholesome, unwholesome, ''asava'' (alcoholic preparations).

</div>

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== Introduction ==

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This chapter discusses various theories (regarding the origin of ''Purusha'' as well as the diseases that afflict him) postulated by ten sages (or scholars) under the aegis of Lord Punarvasu Atreya – providing insights into the various aspects that influence the shaping of the being, and also the origin of the ailments or disorders that afflict it. Kashipati Vamaka initiated the discussions with a query about the origin of human beings and disease, followed by Maudagalya Parikshi (on ''atma'' theory), Sharaloma (on ''sattva'' theory), Varyovida (on ''rasa'' theory), Hiranyaksha (on ''shad-dhatu'' theory), Kaushika (on ''mata-pitru'' theory), Bhadrakapya (on ''karma'' theory), Bharadwaja (on ''swabhava'' theory), Kankayana (on Prajapati theory), and Atreya Bhikshu (on ''kala'' theory). Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded the discussions by stating that the same factors that are responsible for the origin and growth of human beings can cause diseases also. This chapter is closely associated with the third chapter of [[Sharira Sthana]] (''Khuddika garbhavakranti''), which provides additional insights into the origins of human beings.

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This chapter discusses various theories (regarding the origin of [[Purusha]] as well as the diseases that afflict him) postulated by ten sages (or scholars) under the aegis of Lord Punarvasu Atreya – providing insights into the various aspects that influence the shaping of the being, and also the origin of the ailments or disorders that afflict it. Kashipati Vamaka initiated the discussions with a query about the origin of human beings and disease, followed by Maudagalya Parikshi (on [[atma]] theory), Sharaloma (on ''sattva'' theory), Varyovida (on ''rasa'' theory), Hiranyaksha (on ''shad-dhatu'' theory), Kaushika (on ''mata-pitru'' theory), Bhadrakapya (on ''karma'' theory), Bharadwaja (on ''swabhava'' theory), Kankayana (on Prajapati theory), and Atreya Bhikshu (on ''kala'' theory). Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded the discussions by stating that the same factors that are responsible for the origin and growth of human beings can cause diseases also. This chapter is closely associated with the third chapter of [[Sharira Sthana]] (''Khuddika garbhavakranti''), which provides additional insights into the origins of human beings.

Considering the health of human beings, dietary articles that are beneficial and harmful have been provided in this chapter with relevant examples. The first choices in medication, the best factors in various categories, and suggested lifestyle have been grouped into a category named ''agrya samgraha''. Also, Lord Atreya answers Agnivesha's query about ''asava'' (alcoholic preparations) with an elaborate explanation of eighty-four types of ''asava'', categorized by parts of herbs used in their preparation. Thus, this chapter provided an introduction to food and beverages that are beneficial to health.

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Long ago, the great sages (thinkers) assembled before Lord Punarvasu (Atreya), who had directly perceived and realized all knowledge. A discussion arose about the determination of the truth of the primal origin of ''Purusha'' (an aggregate of soul, senses, psyche and sense objects) and the origin of the diseases. [3-4]

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Long ago, the great sages (thinkers) assembled before Lord Punarvasu (Atreya), who had directly perceived and realized all knowledge. A discussion arose about the determination of the truth of the primal origin of [[Purusha]] (an aggregate of soul, senses, psyche and sense objects) and the origin of the diseases. [3-4]

</div>

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In this reference, Lord Punarvasu addressing the sages said as follows- "You all sages are enlightened and have broad knowledge. Your doubts have been cleared by your unlimited knowledge of science. You are capable of resolving the doubts raised by the king of Kashi." [5-7]

</div>

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==== The opinion of Maudgalya Parikshi on ~~''Atmaja~~ Purusha'' (spirit theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Maudgalya Parikshi on [[Atma]]ja [[Purusha]] (spirit theory) ====

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Considering the query of Kashipati Vamaka, Maudgalya Parikshit formulated his answer first. He said “Human being is born of ~~''Atman''~~ (spirit) and like that all the diseases are born of ~~''atman''~~. The spirit is the source of all things. The ~~''atman''~~ acquires the actions and enjoys the merits of action as the fruit of actions. In the absence of this ~~''atman''~~, there is no activity either pleasurable or painful. [8-9]

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Considering the query of Kashipati Vamaka, Maudgalya Parikshit formulated his answer first. He said “Human being is born of [[Atma]] (spirit) and like that all the diseases are born of [[atma]]. The spirit is the source of all things. The [[atma]] acquires the actions and enjoys the merits of action as the fruit of actions. In the absence of this [[atma]], there is no activity either pleasurable or painful. [8-9]

</div>

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==== The opinion of Sharaloma as ''Sattvaja Purusha'' (mind theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Sharaloma as Sattvaja [[Purusha]] (mind theory) ====

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Intervening the opinion of Maudgalya, Sharaloma said, “No. This is not correct, because ~~''atman''~~ dislikes pain naturally and, therefore, would never repress itself with disease and other types of pain. The ''manas'' (mind), influenced by ''rajas'' and ''tamas'', which is also called ''sattva'', is the real cause of the origin of the body and its afflictions, both."[10-11]

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Intervening the opinion of Maudgalya, Sharaloma said, “No. This is not correct, because [[atma]] dislikes pain naturally and, therefore, would never repress itself with disease and other types of pain. The [[manas]](mind), influenced by ''rajas'' and ''tamas'', which is also called ''sattva'', is the real cause of the origin of the body and its afflictions, both."[10-11]

</div>

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==== The opinion of Varyovida as ''Rasaja Purusha'' (fluid theory)====

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==== The opinion of Varyovida as Rasaja [[Purusha]] (fluid theory)====

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</div>

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==== The opinion of Hiranyaksha as ''Shad-dhatuja Purusha'' (six element theory)====

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==== The opinion of Hiranyaksha as Shad-dhatuja [[Purusha]] (six element theory)====

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</div>

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==== The opinion of Kaushika as ''Matrija-pitrija Purusha'' (parent theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Kaushika as Matrija-pitrija [[Purusha]](parent theory) ====

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</div>

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==== The opinion of Bhadrakapya as ''Karmaja Purusha'' (deeds in past life theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Bhadrakapya as Karmaja [[Purusha]] (deeds in past life theory) ====

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</div>

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==== The opinion of Bharadwaja as ''Svabhavaja Purusha'' (nature theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Bharadwaja as Svabhavaja [[Purusha]] (nature theory) ====

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</div>

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==== The opinion of Kankayana as ''Prajapatija Purusha'' (creator theory) ====

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==== The opinion of Kankayana as Prajapatija [[Purusha]] (creator theory) ====

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</div></div>

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Lord Atreya replied to him, “Ingesting wholesome food is the only cause of the nourishment of ''Purusha'', and unwholesome diet is the cause of diseases." [31]

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Lord Atreya replied to him, “Ingesting wholesome food is the only cause of the nourishment of [[Purusha]], and unwholesome diet is the cause of diseases." [31]

=== Wholesome and unwholesome things for holistic human being ===

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After listening to Lord Atreya, Agnivesha asked, “Sir, How shall we distinguish correctly between wholesome and unwholesome diets? Because, in practice, we find that the articles of diet that are described to be wholesome and unwholesome produce opposite results by variation of dose (quantity ), time (meal time, season), a method of preparation, location, constitution of the body, the predominant ''dosha'' and the age of an individual. [32].

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After listening to Lord Atreya, Agnivesha asked, “Sir, How shall we distinguish correctly between wholesome and unwholesome diets? Because, in practice, we find that the articles of diet that are described to be wholesome and unwholesome produce opposite results by variation of dose (quantity ), time (meal time, season), a method of preparation, location, constitution of the body, the predominant [[dosha]] and the age of an individual. [32].

</div>

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Lord Punarvasu Atreya replied, “Oh Agnivesha! Those food articles that maintain an equilibrium state in body elements (~~''dhatus''~~) and help in eliminating abnormalities or disturbances in the path to equilibrium can be considered as wholesome food articles, while those that act in the opposite manner are considered unwholesome. This would be the most accurate description of wholesome and unwholesome food articles. [33]

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Lord Punarvasu Atreya replied, “Oh Agnivesha! Those food articles that maintain an equilibrium state in body elements ([[dhatu]]) and help in eliminating abnormalities or disturbances in the path to equilibrium can be considered as wholesome food articles, while those that act in the opposite manner are considered unwholesome. This would be the most accurate description of wholesome and unwholesome food articles. [33]

</div>

==== Query of Agnivesha ====

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| 10.[[Semen of crocodile (''nakraretasa'')]]|| Having aphrodisiac action/virility enhancers (''vrishya'')

|-

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| 11.Honey (''madhu'')|| Alleviating ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' (''shlesma pitta prashamana'')

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| 11.Honey (''madhu'')|| Alleviating [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] (''shlesma [[pitta]] prashamana'')

|-

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| 12.Ghee (''ghrita'')|| Alleviating ''vata'' and ''pitta'' (''vata pitta prashamana'')

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| 12.Ghee (''ghrita'')|| Alleviating [[vata]] and [[pitta]] ([[vata]] [[pitta]] prashamana)

|-

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| 13. Sesame oil ( ''tila taila'')|| Alleviating ''vata'' and ''kapha'' (''vata shleshmana prashamana'')

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| 13. Sesame oil ( ''tila taila'')|| Alleviating [[vata]] and [[kapha]] ([[vata]] shleshmana prashamana'')

|-

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| 14. Emesis (''vamana'')|| Eliminating ''kapha'' (''shlesmahara'')

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| 14. Emesis ([[vamana]])|| Eliminating [[kapha]] (''shlesmahara'')

|-

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| 15.Purgation (''virechana'')|| Eliminating ''pitta'' (''pittahara'')

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| 15.Purgation ([[virechana]])|| Eliminating [[pitta]] (''pittahara'')

|-

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| 16.Enema (''basti'')|| Eliminating ''vata'' (''vatahara'')

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| 16.Enema ([[basti]])|| Eliminating [[vata]](''vatahara'')

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| 17.Fomentation/sudation (''sweda'')|| Bringing about smoothness in body/soften the body(''mardavakara'')

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| 23.Goat milk (''ajaksheera'')|| Producing wholesome and galactogoque effect, and curing consumption, and ''raktapitta'' (A disease characterized by bleeding from different part of body)

|-

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| 24.Sheep milk (''aviksheera'')|| Vitiating ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' (''shleshmana pitta janana'')

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| 24.Sheep milk (''aviksheera'')|| Vitiating [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] (''shleshmana pitta janana'')

|-

| 25.Buffalo milk (''mahishi ksheera'')|| Inducing sleep (''swapna janana'')

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| 28.Food prepared of boiled ''uddalaka'' (Paspalum scrobiculatum)|| Drying/reduces unctuous element in body (''virukshaniya'')

|-

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| 29.Sugarcane (''ikshu'')|| Produces diuresis / increases quantity of urine (~~''mutrajanana''~~)

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| 29.Sugarcane (''ikshu'')|| Produces diuresis / increases quantity of urine ([[mutra]]janana)

|-

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| 30.Barley (''yava'')|| Increasing quantity of feces (~~''purishajanana''~~)

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| 30.Barley (''yava'')|| Increasing quantity of feces ([[purisha]]janana)

|-

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| 31.''Jambu'' [Syzygium cumini skeels]|| Aggreviating ''vata'' (''vata janana'')

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| 31.''Jambu'' [Syzygium cumini skeels]|| Aggreviating [[vata]] ([[vata]] janana)

|-

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| 32.''Shashkuli'' (type of pastry) (or oils)|| Provoke ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' (''shleshma pitta janana'')

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| 32.''Shashkuli'' (type of pastry) (or oils)|| Provoke [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] (''shleshma [[pitta]] janana'')

|-

| 33.''Kulattha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn) or horse gram|| Causes ''amlapitta'' (acid dyspepsia)

|-

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| 34.''Masha'' (Phaseolous radiates Linn or black gram)|| Increase of ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' (shleshmana pitta janana)

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| 34.''Masha'' (Phaseolous radiates Linn or black gram)|| Increase of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]](shleshmana [[pitta]] janana)

|-

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| 35.Fruit of ''madana'' [Randiadumetorun Lam.] or emetic Nut|| Used in emesis, and corrective and unctuous enema (''Vamana asthapanaanuvasanopayogi'')

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| 35.Fruit of ''madana'' [Randiadumetorun Lam.] or emetic Nut|| Used in emesis, and corrective and unctuous enema ([[Vamana]] asthapanaanuvasanopayogi'')

|-

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| 36.''Trivrita'' [Operculina turpethum R.B.] or turpeth|| Causes easy purgation (''sukha virechana'')

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| 36.''Trivrita'' [Operculina turpethum R.B.] or turpeth|| Causes easy purgation (sukha [[virechana]])

|-

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| 37.''Aragvadha'' [Cassia fistula Linn]|| Causes mild purgation (''mridu virechana'')

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| 37.''Aragvadha'' [Cassia fistula Linn]|| Causes mild purgation (mridu [[virechana]])

|-

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| 38.Milk of ''Snuhi'' [Euphorbia nerifolia Linn.] thorny milk hedge plant|| Causing strong purgations (''tikshna virechana'')

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| 38.Milk of ''Snuhi'' [Euphorbia nerifolia Linn.] thorny milk hedge plant|| Causing strong purgations (tikshna [[virechana]])

|-

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| 39.''Apamarga'' [Achyranthes aspera Linn.] Rough chaff|| Eliminating doshas from head/these are errhines (''shiro virechana'')

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| 39.''Apamarga'' [Achyranthes aspera Linn.] Rough chaff|| Eliminating doshas from head/these are errhines (shiro [[virechana]])

|-

| 40.''Vidanga'' [Embelia ribes Bur M.F.]|| Killing parasites/among all Anthelmintics (''krimighna'')

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| 42.''Khadira'' [Acacia catechu Willd.]|| Curing obstinate skin desease including leprosy/dermic remedics (''kushtaghna'')

|-

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| 43.''Rasna'' [Pluchea lanceolata Oliver and Hiern]|| Alleviating ''vata'' (~~''vatahara''~~)

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| 43.''Rasna'' [Pluchea lanceolata Oliver and Hiern]|| Alleviating [[vata]] ([[vata]]hara)

|-

| 44.''Amalaka'' [Emblica offiinalis Gaern] or Emblic Myrobalan|| Anti–ageing / causing rejuventation (''vaya sthapana'')

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| 45.''Haritaki'' [Terminalia Chebula] or Chebulic Myrobalan|| Producing wholesome effect (''pathya'')

|-

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| 46.Root of ''Eranda'' [Ricinus communis Linn] or castor oil|| Increasing virility and alleviating ''vata'' (''vrishya vatahara'')

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| 46.Root of ''Eranda'' [Ricinus communis Linn] or castor oil|| Increasing virility and alleviating [[vata]] (''vrishya vatahara'')

|-

| 47.Root of ''pippali'' [Piper longum Linn] or long pepper|| Digestive stimulant, carminative, relieves abdominal distension (''Deepaniya pachaniya anahprasamana'')

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| 53.''Ananta'' [Hemidesmus indicus R.B.] or Indian sarsaparilla|| Causing astringent, curing ''raktapitta''/ (''Sangrahika raktapitta prashama'')

|-

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| 54.''Guduchi'' [Tinospora Cordifolia miers] or ''amrita'' || Act as astringent, curative of ''vata'', promotes digestion, curative of vitiation of ''kapha'' and blood (''sangrahika vataharadipaniya shleshma shonita vibandha prashamana'').

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| 54.''Guduchi'' [Tinospora Cordifolia miers] or ''amrita'' || Act as astringent, curative of [[vata]], promotes digestion, curative of vitiation of [[kapha]] and blood (''sangrahika vataharadipaniya shleshma shonita vibandha prashamana'').

|-

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| 55.''Bilva'' [Aegle Marmelos Corr] or bael|| Causing astringent effect, promote digestion, alleviating ''vata'' and ''kapha'' (''sangrahika dipaniya vata kapha prashamana'')

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| 55.''Bilva'' [Aegle Marmelos Corr] or bael|| Causing astringent effect, promote digestion, alleviating [[vata]] and [[kapha]] (''sangrahika dipaniya vata kapha prashamana'')

|-

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| 56.''Ativisha'' (Aconitum Heterophylum wall] or atips|| Causing astringent effect, promote digestion, carmination and alleviating all the ~~''doshas''~~ or curative of all the disorders. (''dipaniya pachaniya sangrahika sarvadoshaharanam'')

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| 56.''Ativisha'' (Aconitum Heterophylum wall] or atips|| Causing astringent effect, promote digestion, carmination and alleviating all the [[dosha]] or curative of all the disorders. (''dipaniya pachaniya sangrahika sarvadoshaharanam'')

|-

| 57.Pollens of ''utpala'' [Nymphaca alba Linn.], ''kumuda'' (a variety of ''utpala'') and ''padma'' [Nelumbo nucifera gaertn.] or pollen of blue and white water lilies|| Astringent effect, alleviating ''raktapitta'' (''sangrahika raktapitta prashamana'').

|-

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| 58.''Duralabha'' [Fagonia Cretica Linn.] or cretsn prickly clover|| Curative of ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' (''pitta shleshma prashamana'')

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| 58.''Duralabha'' [Fagonia Cretica Linn.] or cretsn prickly clover|| Curative of [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] ([[pitta]] shleshma prashamana)

|-

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| 59.''Priyangu'' [Callicarpa macrophylla Vahi.] or the perfumed cherry|| Alleviate the plethoric condition of blood and ''pitta'' (''shonita pittatiyoga prashamana'')

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| 59.''Priyangu'' [Callicarpa macrophylla Vahi.] or the perfumed cherry|| Alleviate the plethoric condition of blood and [[pitta]] (''shonita pittatiyoga prashamana'')

|-

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| 60.Bark of ''kutaja'' [Holarrhena antidyscenterica wall.] or ''kurchi'' bark|| Among astringent and dessicant of ''kapha, pitta'' and the blood (''shlesma pitta raktasangrahikopsosananam'').

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| 60.Bark of ''kutaja'' [Holarrhena antidyscenterica wall.] or ''kurchi'' bark|| Among astringent and dessicant of [[kapha]], [[pitta]] and the blood (''shlesma [[pitta]] raktasangrahikopsosananam'').

|-

| 61.Fruit of ''kashmari'' (Gmelina arboria) or fruit of white teak|| Causing haemostasis and curing ''raktapitta'' (''Rakta sangrahika raktapitta prashamana'')

|-

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| 62.''Prishniparni'' (Uraria picta Desv.) or painted leaved uraria|| Causing astringent effect, alleviating ''vata'' and promoting digestion and virility (aphrodisiac) (''sangrahika vatahara dipaniya vrishyanam'')

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| 62.''Prishniparni'' (Uraria picta Desv.) or painted leaved uraria|| Causing astringent effect, alleviating [[vata]] and promoting digestion and virility (aphrodisiac) (''sangrahika vatahara dipaniya vrishyanam'')

|-

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| 63.''Shalaparni'' (Desmodium gangetium D.C.) or tick trefoil or ''vidarigandha''|| Aphrodisiac effect and alleviating all the ~~''doshas''~~. (''Vrishya sarvadoshaharanam'')

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| 63.''Shalaparni'' (Desmodium gangetium D.C.) or tick trefoil or ''vidarigandha''|| Aphrodisiac effect and alleviating all the [[dosha]]. (''Vrishya sarvadoshaharanam'')

|-

−

| 64.''Bala'' (Sida Cordifolia Linn.) or the heart leaved sida|| Having astringent effect, promoting strength, curative of ''vata'' (''sangrahikopshoshananam'').

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| 64.''Bala'' (Sida Cordifolia Linn.) or the heart leaved sida|| Having astringent effect, promoting strength, curative of [[vata]] (''sangrahikopshoshananam'').

|-

−

| 65.''Gokshura'' (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) or the small calatrops|| Curing dysuria &''vata'' (''mutrakrichchra anilahara'')

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| 65.''Gokshura'' (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) or the small calatrops|| Curing dysuria & [[vata]] (''mutrakrichchra anilahara'')

|-

−

| 66.Extract of ''hingu'' (Ferula narthex Boiss) or asafetida|| Causing excision or split up the morbid humours, digestive stimulant corrective of perislalsis or downword movement of ''vata''. Alleviates of vata and kapha (chedaniya dipaniya anulomika vata kapha prashamananam)

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| 66.Extract of ''hingu'' (Ferula narthex Boiss) or asafetida|| Causing excision or split up the morbid humours, digestive stimulant corrective of perislalsis or downword movement of [[vata]]. Alleviates of [[vata]] and [[kapha]] (chedaniya dipaniya anulomika [[vata]] [[kapha]] prashamananam)

|-

−

| 67. Amlavetasa (Rheum emodi wall.)|| Causing purgation (laxatives) digestive stimulant, corrective of peristalsis and curative of vata and kapha (bhedaniya dipaniya anulomika vata shleshman haranam).

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| 67. Amlavetasa (Rheum emodi wall.)|| Causing purgation (laxatives) digestive stimulant, corrective of peristalsis and curative of [[vata]] and [[kapha]] (bhedaniya dipaniya anulomika [[vata]] shleshman haranam).

|-

| 68. Yavasukah (barley ash)|| Having laxative effect causing carmination, curing piles, (stramsana pachana arshoghna)

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| 76. Lamajjaka or geranium grass (Cymbopogon Jivarancusa Schult) and ushira (Vetiveria Zizanioides Nash.) or cus-cus|| Cures burning sensation skin deseases and sweating (daha tvaga dosha swedapanayan).

|-

−

| 77.Massage and poultice of kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke)|| Alleviating vata (~~Vatahara~~) and useful in unctions and poultices (vatahara abhyangopanahopayoginan)

+

| 77.Massage and poultice of kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke)|| Alleviating [[vata]] ([[Vata]]hara) and useful in unctions and poultices (vatahara abhyangopanahopayoginan)

|-

| 78.Madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.] or liquorice|| Beneficial for eye, virility, the hair, throat, completion and promote pigmentation and Healing (cakshushya vrishya keshya kanthya varnya viranjaniya)

|-

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| 79.Fresh air (vayu)|| Restores animation and consciousness (or gives life) (pranasajna pradana hetunam)

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| 79.Fresh air ([[vayu]])|| Restores animation and consciousness (or gives life) (pranasajna pradana hetunam)

|-

−

| 80.Heat (agni)|| Curative of ama disorder (or curing indigestion), stiffness, chill, colic pain and shivering (ama stambha shita shulodvepana prashamana)

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| 80.Heat ([[agni]])|| Curative of ama disorder (or curing indigestion), stiffness, chill, colic pain and shivering (ama stambha shita shulodvepana prashamana)

|-

−

| 81.Water (jala)|| Produces astringent effect (stambhaniyanam)

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| 81.Water ([[jala]])|| Produces astringent effect (stambhaniyanam)

|-

| 82.Water with a hot clod of earth plunged therein (Mrud bhrushta loshtra nirvapit udaka)|| Alleviates acute attack of thirst and vomiting (trishna chhardi atiyoga prashaman)

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| 124.Happiness or cheerful spirit (saumanasya) || Helping retention of conception (garbhadharanam).

|-

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| 125.Disease due to vitiation of all the three ~~doshas~~ (sannipata)|| Causing difficulty in cure (dushchikitsya)

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| 125.Disease due to vitiation of all the three [[dosha]] (sannipata)|| Causing difficulty in cure (dushchikitsya)

|-

| 126.Poisining due to amavisham (Product of improper Metabolism) and digestion || Causing incurable disease or irremediable (achikitsya)

|-

−

| 127.Fever (jwara)|| Important disease (roganam)

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| 127.Fever ([[jwara]])|| Important disease (roganam)

|-

| 128.Kushtha or dermatosis (Obstinate skin disease including leprosy (kushtha)|| Among chronic disease (dirgharoganam)

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| 131.Leech (jalauka)|| Auxilliary surgical devices (anushastranam)

|-

−

| 132.Enema (basti)|| Among those requiring practical technique or elimination therapies(tantranama)

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| 132.Enema ([[basti]])|| Among those requiring practical technique or elimination therapies(tantranama)

|-

| 133.The Himalayas (Himvanaushadhi)|| Habitats of medicinal plant (bhuminam)

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Thus,this chapter provided a detailed list of dietary preparations and therapies having superior qualities that keep a person healthy. The most effective medicines to pacify ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' are described. A skillful physician should prescribe the right dietary regimen and therapy after gaining a thorough understanding of the qualities of these articles. Only then does he attain his ''dharma'' (duties) and ''kama'' (all desires) [42-44]

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Thus,this chapter provided a detailed list of dietary preparations and therapies having superior qualities that keep a person healthy. The most effective medicines to pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] are described. A skillful physician should prescribe the right dietary regimen and therapy after gaining a thorough understanding of the qualities of these articles. Only then does he attain his dharma(duties) and kama(all desires) [42-44]

</div>

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The dietary articles and activities that do not adversely affect the body systems and are liked by the mind are regarded as ''pathya'' (wholesome). Likewise, dietary articles and activities that adversely affect the body system and are disliked by the mind are regarded as unwholesome. This is, however, not a cardinal rule, and food articles and drugs do have a variety of effects depending on the dosage, time, mode of preparation, geographical location, the body constitution of the patient, and ~~''doshas''~~.

+

The dietary articles and activities that do not adversely affect the body systems and are liked by the mind are regarded as ''pathya'' (wholesome). Likewise, dietary articles and activities that adversely affect the body system and are disliked by the mind are regarded as unwholesome. This is, however, not a cardinal rule, and food articles and drugs do have a variety of effects depending on the dosage, time, mode of preparation, geographical location, the body constitution of the patient, and [[dosha]].

Hence, the physician who desires success in treatment shall consider effects of the natural properties of drugs and dietary articles, as well as the usage patterns associated with such articles. [45-47].

</div>

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=== Agnivesha’s query regarding ''asava'' (self generated fermented alcoholic beverages) ===

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== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

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*Multiple factors like ~~''atman''~~ (spirit), ~~''mana''~~ (mind), ''rasa'' (fluid), ''shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''prajapati'' (Creator), and ''kala'' (time) have been considered as the source of creation of the ''purusha'' (human beings). The same factors are considered responsible for origin of diseases.

+

*Multiple factors like [[atma]] (spirit), [[manas]] (mind), ''rasa'' (fluid), ''shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''prajapati'' (Creator), and ''kala'' (time) have been considered as the source of creation of the ''purusha'' (human beings). The same factors are considered responsible for origin of diseases.

*In order to sustain health, one shall follow a wholesome diet and restrain from following unwholesome diets and activities.

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*The best things shall be used as first choice in various respective conditions (''samgraha'').

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*Those food articles that help maintain a state of equilibrium among body elements (~~''dhatus''~~) and also help in eliminating imbalances that could occur due to abnormalities are considered to be wholesome food articles, while those articles that act in an opposite manner are unwholesome articles.

+

*Those food articles that help maintain a state of equilibrium among body elements ([[dhatu]]) and also help in eliminating imbalances that could occur due to abnormalities are considered to be wholesome food articles, while those articles that act in an opposite manner are unwholesome articles.

−

*Classification of food articles could be done by their suitability for consumption, source (vegetarian or non-vegetarian), effects on body (wholesome or unwholesome), mode of consumption (to eat, to drink, to chew or to lick), six tastes and twenty (~~''gunas''~~) qualities. There could be innumerable combinations.

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*Classification of food articles could be done by their suitability for consumption, source (vegetarian or non-vegetarian), effects on body (wholesome or unwholesome), mode of consumption (to eat, to drink, to chew or to lick), six tastes and twenty ([[guna]]) qualities. There could be innumerable combinations.

*Dietary preparations and drugs that do not affect the body system adversely, and those that are liked by the mind are considered ''pathya'' (wholesome). Likewise, those that adversely affect the body system and are disliked by the mind are considered ''apathya'' (unwholesome).

−

*Drugs and food articles are also considered wholesome or unwholesome depending upon the dose (measure), time, mode of preparation, habitat of the drugs or food articles, body constitution, and ''dosha''.

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*Drugs and food articles are also considered wholesome or unwholesome depending upon the dose (measure), time, mode of preparation, habitat of the drugs or food articles, body constitution, and [[dosha]].

*''Asava'' (alcoholic preparation, wine) are prepared by the process of fermentation. Combinations possible for preparing ''asava'' are unlimited.

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*Of the innumerable combinations of food articles and beverages, 152 forms of eatables and therapies, and 84 forms of alcoholic beverages are known to be wholesome. As per Lord Atreya, wholesome foods are the key source of creation of the ''purusha'', and unwholesome food of diseases.

*Food and physical regimen that are beneficial to the body and mind are called ''pathya'' and those that are harmful are called ''apathya''.

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*A food or beverage’s therapeutic properties also depend upon quantity, season, way of preparation, soil, place and ''dosha''.

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*A food or beverage’s therapeutic properties also depend upon quantity, season, way of preparation, soil, place and [[dosha]].

*84 types of ''asava'' (fermented products), contain probiotics and have effect on body, mind and digestive power are listed indicating gut brain relationship. They help in regulation of sleep, appetite and mental activity.

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It is required here that some researches on scientific ground to support the views and concepts of this chapter, which is very unique and practical.

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== References ==

Eganeesh

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