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The term ‘Vyadhi’ literally means disease or ailment that causes grief or pain to the individual. [SAT-C.1]  In [[Ayurveda]], the nomenclature of disease suggests pathogenic factors or the cardinal feature. The classification of diseases is based on their origin, lesion sites, prognosis, factors involved in pathogenesis.  Knowledge of vyadhi is essential in healthcare management as well as for the targeted treatment of diseases.   

<p style='text-align:justify;'>The term ‘Vyadhi’ literally means disease or ailment that causes grief or pain to the individual. [SAT-C.1]<ref>Available from  http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>   In [[Ayurveda]], the nomenclature of disease suggests pathogenic factors or the cardinal feature. The classification of diseases is based on their origin, lesion sites, prognosis, factors involved in pathogenesis.  Knowledge of vyadhi is essential in healthcare management as well as for the targeted treatment of diseases.  </p>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

==Importance ==

==Importance ==

Knowing the origin (karana) of disease is crucial to eradicating it. If the root cause of the disease is treated, it helps to hasten recovery, prevent recurrence and preserve health. The origin of the disease is not limited to endogenous causes. Instead, various extrinsic factors like seasonal variations, an incompatible union of senses with objects, and the metaphysical causes can affect health status. The management of health and disease depends on knowledge of its causes and the factors influencing it. The present article focuses on the classification of disease. It is crucial to prescribing a comprehensive regimen for restoration and preservation of health.  

Knowing the origin (karana) of disease is crucial to eradicating it. If the root cause of the disease is treated, it helps to hasten recovery, prevent recurrence and preserve health. The origin of the disease is not limited to endogenous causes. Instead, various extrinsic factors like seasonal variations, an incompatible union of senses with objects, and the metaphysical causes can affect health status. The management of health and disease depends on knowledge of its causes and the factors influencing it. The present article focuses on the classification of disease. It is crucial to prescribing a comprehensive regimen for restoration and preservation of health.  

==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

The Sanskrit word vyadhi is formed by the combination of three roots called “vi”, “aa” and “dha--ki”   The word means sickness, disorder, disease, ailment, distress.

The Sanskrit word vyadhi is formed by the combination of three roots called “vi”, “aa” and “dha--ki” <ref>Jha Srujan. Amarkosha online application</ref>  The word means sickness, disorder, disease, ailment, distress.

==Synonyms==

==Synonyms==

*Vikara: The condition that causes deviation from the normal physiological state of health of an individual. (SAT-C.8)

*Vikara: The condition that causes deviation from the normal physiological state of health of an individual. (SAT-C.8)

* Papma: The term signifies disease, originating from physical or mental sins of the individual in a present or past life.(SAT-C.10)

* Papma: The term signifies disease, originating from physical or mental sins of the individual in a present or past life.(SAT-C.10)

==Types or classification ==

==Types or classification ==

===Two-fold classifications ===

===Two-fold classifications ===

'''a) As per the abode (adhishtana)''' [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 6/3]

'''a) As per the abode (adhishtana)''' [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 6/3]

2) Dependant or secondary disease (paratantra vyadhi/anubandha) without an independent cause, symptoms, treatment, or manifested due to other diseases.

2) Dependant or secondary disease (paratantra vyadhi/anubandha) without an independent cause, symptoms, treatment, or manifested due to other diseases.

    

    

'''f) As per the status of nutrition''' [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 23]

'''f) As per the status of nutrition''' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 23]

1) Diseases due to overnutrition (santarpanajanya vyadhi)

1) Diseases due to overnutrition (santarpanajanya vyadhi)

1)  Mild (Mrudu vyadhi)  2) Severe (Daruna vyadhi)

1)  Mild (Mrudu vyadhi)  2) Severe (Daruna vyadhi)

===Three-fold classifications===

===Three-fold classifications===

'''a) As per the nature of cause:'''  

'''a) As per the nature of cause:'''  

3) Vayavya: those produced by aggravation of [[vata]]

3) Vayavya: those produced by aggravation of [[vata]]

 

===Seven-fold classification===

===Seven-fold classification===

'''a) Diseases due to personified causes (adhyatmika)''' [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 24/5]

'''a) Diseases due to personified causes (adhyatmika)''' [Su. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 24/5]

* Those appearing at an improper time, i.e. premature or delayed(akalaja)

* Those appearing at an improper time, i.e. premature or delayed(akalaja)

== Diagnostic aspects==  

== Diagnostic aspects==  

In Ayurveda, diagnosis of a disease is mainly based on 5 factors

In Ayurveda, diagnosis of a disease is mainly based on 5 factors

1) Etiology/causative factors (Indiana)

1) Etiology/causative factors (nidana/[[hetu]])

2) Prodromal symptoms (purvarupa)

2) Prodromal symptoms (purvarupa)

5) Pathogenesis (samprapti)

5) Pathogenesis (samprapti)

The origin and stepwise progression of diseases in the body are explained with the concept of six stages of diseases (shatkriyakala). [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21]

The origin and stepwise progression of diseases in the body are explained with the concept of six stages of diseases ([[shatkriyakala]]). [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21]

These are,

These are,

6) Stage of chronicity and complications (bheda)

6) Stage of chronicity and complications (bheda)

==Contemporary approach==

==Contemporary approach==

In contemporary views, the disease is a condition marked by subjective complaints, a specific history, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory or radiographic findings.  

In contemporary views, the disease is a condition marked by subjective complaints, a specific history, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory or radiographic findings.<ref>https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/731878/all/disease</ref>

   

   

The disease is differentiated from external injury and defined as a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism. That is not due to any immediate external injury.  

The disease is differentiated from external injury and defined as a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism. That is not due to any immediate external injury.<ref>. "What is the Difference Between an 'Injury' and 'Disease' for Commonwealth Injury Claims?". Tindall Gask Bentley. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.</ref>

The most known and used classification of diseases is the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

The most known and used classification of diseases is the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

The process of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms is known as ‘diagnosis.’ A health history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, imaging techniques, biopsies etc. may be used to diagnose a medical condition.

The process of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms is known as ‘diagnosis.’ A health history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, imaging techniques, biopsies etc. may be used to diagnose a medical condition.<ref>https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/diagnosis</ref>

In conventional medicine, mainly two principles of treatment of disease are applied. The first is to reduce the effect of the disease and the second is to kill the microbes causing the disease. Symptomatic treatment may help reduce the impact of a disease but may not cure the root cause of the disease. The administration of certain drugs that block the biochemical processes can help kill the microorganism causing the disease. Antibiotics serve the purpose of killing the microorganisms or preventing their multiplication in the body. The additional information on disease provided in this article should be helpful to design a comprehensive management protocol in healthcare and not limited to diseasecare only.  

In conventional medicine, mainly two principles of treatment of disease are applied. The first is to reduce the effect of the disease and the second is to kill the microbes causing the disease. Symptomatic treatment may help reduce the impact of a disease but may not cure the root cause of the disease. The administration of certain drugs that block the biochemical processes can help kill the microorganism causing the disease. Antibiotics serve the purpose of killing the microorganisms or preventing their multiplication in the body. The additional information on disease provided in this article should be helpful to design a comprehensive management protocol in healthcare and not limited to diseasecare only.  

==References==

==References==