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→Stage wise clinical features in humans
The above mentioned eight stages of poisoning are manifested in human beings.(18-23)
The above mentioned eight stages of poisoning are manifested in human beings.(18-23)
Stage wise features in animals and birds:
==== Stage wise features in animals and birds ====
चतुष्पदां स्याच्चतुर्विधः, पक्षिणां त्रिविधः ||२१||
चतुष्पदां स्याच्चतुर्विधः, पक्षिणां त्रिविधः ||२१||
सीदत्याद्ये भ्रमति च, चतुष्पदो वेपते, ततः शून्यः |
सीदत्याद्ये भ्रमति च, चतुष्पदो वेपते, ततः शून्यः |
2. In the second stage, the bird gets giddiness; and
2. In the second stage, the bird gets giddiness; and
3. In the third stage, the bird develops looseness of the limbs resulting in death.(21-23)
3. In the third stage, the bird develops looseness of the limbs resulting in death.(21-23)
Properties of visha and its effect on body:
==== Properties of visha and its effect on body ====
लघु रूक्षमाशु विशदं व्यवायि तीक्ष्णं विकासि सूक्ष्मं च |
लघु रूक्षमाशु विशदं व्यवायि तीक्ष्णं विकासि सूक्ष्मं च |
उष्णमनिर्देश्यरसं दशगुणमुक्तं विषं तज्ज्ञैः ||२४||
उष्णमनिर्देश्यरसं दशगुणमुक्तं विषं तज्ज्ञैः ||२४||
Because of dryness property, vayu gets aggravated; due to hot property, pitta gets vitiated; subtleness leads to vitiation of rakta; Due to avyakta rasa (indisctinct taste), kaphais vitiated; due to rapidly acting, it quickly permeates through the nutrient fluid; vyavayi guna spreads it throughout the body instantaneously. Tikshna guna (sharply acting) property causes injury to marmas, vikashi guna results in death of the patient. Due to laghu guna it becomes difficult to manage therapeutically; because of vaishadya guna, it pervades all over the body with doshas without any obstruction in circulation. Depending upon the location of doshas and prakriti of patient, visha produces several other complications. (24-27)
Because of dryness property, vayu gets aggravated; due to hot property, pitta gets vitiated; subtleness leads to vitiation of rakta; Due to avyakta rasa (indisctinct taste), kaphais vitiated; due to rapidly acting, it quickly permeates through the nutrient fluid; vyavayi guna spreads it throughout the body instantaneously. Tikshna guna (sharply acting) property causes injury to marmas, vikashi guna results in death of the patient. Due to laghu guna it becomes difficult to manage therapeutically; because of vaishadya guna, it pervades all over the body with doshas without any obstruction in circulation. Depending upon the location of doshas and prakriti of patient, visha produces several other complications. (24-27)
Clinical features as per site of dosha:
==== Clinical features as per site of dosha ====
स्याद्वातिकस्य वातस्थाने कफपित्तलिङ्गमीषत्तु |
स्याद्वातिकस्य वातस्थाने कफपित्तलिङ्गमीषत्तु |
तृण्मोहारतिमूर्च्छागलग्रहच्छर्दिफेनादि ||२८||
तृण्मोहारतिमूर्च्छागलग्रहच्छर्दिफेनादि ||२८||
Dushi-visha (a type of artificial poison) vitiates blood and produces symptoms like aru (eczema in the head), kitibha (psoriasis) and kotha (urticaria). This type of poison afflicts each one of the doshas and causes death of the patient.(31)
Dushi-visha (a type of artificial poison) vitiates blood and produces symptoms like aru (eczema in the head), kitibha (psoriasis) and kotha (urticaria). This type of poison afflicts each one of the doshas and causes death of the patient.(31)
क्षरति विषतेजसाऽसृक् तत् खानि निरुध्य मारयति जन्तुम् |
क्षरति विषतेजसाऽसृक् तत् खानि निरुध्य मारयति जन्तुम् |
पीतं मृतस्य हृदि तिष्ठति दष्टविद्धयोर्दंशदेशे स्यात् ||३२|| kṣarati viṣatējasā'sr̥k tat khāni nirudhya mārayati jantum|
पीतं मृतस्य हृदि तिष्ठति दष्टविद्धयोर्दंशदेशे स्यात् ||३२|| kṣarati viṣatējasā'sr̥k tat khāni nirudhya mārayati jantum|
Due to visha tejus (power of poison) vitiated blood transudes to obstruct srotas (channels) leading to death of the patient. If the poison is taken orally it stays in heart and if the poison is transmitted by bite or from poisoned arrow, it gets lodged in the place of bite.(32)
Due to visha tejus (power of poison) vitiated blood transudes to obstruct srotas (channels) leading to death of the patient. If the poison is taken orally it stays in heart and if the poison is transmitted by bite or from poisoned arrow, it gets lodged in the place of bite.(32)
==== Fatal signs ====
नीलौष्ठदन्तशैथिल्यकेशपतनाङ्गभङ्गविक्षेपाः |
नीलौष्ठदन्तशैथिल्यकेशपतनाङ्गभङ्गविक्षेपाः |
शिशिरैर्न लोमहर्षो नाभिहते दण्डराजी स्यात् ||३३||
शिशिरैर्न लोमहर्षो नाभिहते दण्डराजी स्यात् ||३३||