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== [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] caused by viruddha ahara ==
== [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] caused by viruddha ahara ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">Viruddha ahara causes toxic effects on the [[Sharira|body]]. These unwholesome food combinations produce toxins within the [[Sharira|body]], causing various [[Vyadhi|diseases]] or may prove fatal. Combinations of such viruddha food sometimes produce immediate effects and sometimes act like gara visha, that produces untoward effects afterwards. [A. H. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/29] <br/>Intake of such unwholesome food combinations results in manifestation of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] such as sterility, blindness, [[Visarpa Chikitsa|erysipelas (visarpa)]], ascites (jalodara), bullae (visphota), insanity ([[Unmada Chikitsa|unmada]]), fistula in anno (bhagandara), syncope (moorcha), intoxication (mada), abdominal distension (adhmana), goitre (galagraha), pandu (anaemia), poisoning due to ama (ama visha), vitiligo (kilasa), [[Skin diseases in Integrative Medicine|skin diseases]] ([[Kushtha Chikitsa|kushtha]]), digestive disorders (grahini gada), oedema (shotha), acid peptic diseases (amlapitta), fever (jwara), rhinitis (peenasa), genetic and hereditary diseases (santana dosha) and even death. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 26/102-103] <br/>The following table shows examples of disease caused by the intake of viruddha ahara. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Viruddha ahara causes toxic effects on the [[Sharira|body]]. These unwholesome food combinations produce toxins within the [[Sharira|body]], causing various [[Vyadhi|diseases]] or may prove fatal. Combinations of such viruddha food sometimes produce immediate effects and sometimes act like gara [[Visha Chikitsa|visha]], that produces untoward effects afterwards. [A. H. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/29] <br/>Intake of such unwholesome food combinations results in manifestation of many [[Vyadhi|diseases]] such as sterility, blindness, [[Visarpa Chikitsa|erysipelas (visarpa)]], ascites (jalodara), bullae (visphota), insanity ([[Unmada Chikitsa|unmada]]), fistula in anno (bhagandara), syncope (moorcha), intoxication (mada), abdominal distension (adhmana), goitre (galagraha), pandu (anaemia), poisoning due to ama (ama [[Visha Chikitsa|visha]]), vitiligo (kilasa), [[Skin diseases in Integrative Medicine|skin diseases]] ([[Kushtha Chikitsa|kushtha]]), digestive disorders (grahini gada), oedema (shotha), acid peptic diseases (amlapitta), fever (jwara), rhinitis (peenasa), genetic and hereditary diseases (santana dosha) and even death. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 26/102-103] <br/>The following table shows examples of disease caused by the intake of viruddha ahara. </p>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify;"
|+Table no.5: Diseases caused by intake of viruddha ahara:
|+Table no.5: Diseases caused by intake of viruddha ahara:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|Apasmara
|[[Apasmara Chikitsa|Apasmara]]
|Su. Sa. Uttara Sthana.61/4
|Su. Sa. Uttara Sthana.61/4
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|Arsha
|[[Arsha Chikitsa|Arsha]]
|Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 2/4(4)
|Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 2/4(4)
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7
| style="text-align:center;"|7
|Udara roga
|[[Udara Chikitsa|Udara roga]]
|Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 2/5(5)
|Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 2/5(5)
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|Gara visha
|Gara [[Visha Chikitsa|visha]]
|A. H. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/29
|A. H. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/29
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|Vatarakta
|[[Vatarakta Chikitsa|Vatarakta]]
|A. H. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 16/1
|A. H. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 16/1
|-
|-
== Current researches ==
== Current researches ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">The concept of viruddha ahara mentioned in classical texts is very much relevant in today’s era because of altered life style of fast food or junk food in their daily life. Many studies have found that some dietary constitutes affect transcription of genes. Association between dietary pattern and [[Vyadhi|diseases]] has always been a field of interest. Frequent intake of combination of incompatible food leads in to the production of toxins i.e., ama further leads to formation of ama visha (product of improper metabolism), and vitiation of rasa [[Dhatu|dhatu]]. It spreads to another [[Dhatu|dhatu]] and leads to the manifestation of various [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. The effects of such incompatibles can be understood by following aspects. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The concept of viruddha ahara mentioned in classical texts is very much relevant in today’s era because of altered life style of fast food or junk food in their daily life. Many studies have found that some dietary constitutes affect transcription of genes. Association between dietary pattern and [[Vyadhi|diseases]] has always been a field of interest. Frequent intake of combination of incompatible food leads in to the production of toxins i.e., ama further leads to formation of ama [[Visha Chikitsa|visha]] (product of improper metabolism), and vitiation of rasa [[Dhatu|dhatu]]. It spreads to another [[Dhatu|dhatu]] and leads to the manifestation of various [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. The effects of such incompatibles can be understood by following aspects. </p>
<ol type="A" style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Effects on immune system: <span style="font-weight:normal">Incompatible food combinations impart untoward effects on immune system, cellular metabolism, and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS).<ref name="ref1">Sabnis M. Viruddha Ahara: A critical view. AYU 2012; 33:332-6</ref> Viruddha ahara if taken regularly, can cause inflammation at a molecular level, by increasing proistaglandin-2 and thromboxane by disturbing the eicosanoid pathway. This inflammatory effect is important for the basic pathologies which create agnimandya (poor digestion) or ama (undigested food metabolites) which in turns leads to number of metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. </span></li>
<ol type="A" style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Effects on immune system: <span style="font-weight:normal">Incompatible food combinations impart untoward effects on immune system, cellular metabolism, and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS).<ref name="ref1">Sabnis M. Viruddha Ahara: A critical view. AYU 2012; 33:332-6</ref> Viruddha ahara if taken regularly, can cause inflammation at a molecular level, by increasing proistaglandin-2 and thromboxane by disturbing the eicosanoid pathway. This inflammatory effect is important for the basic pathologies which create agnimandya (poor digestion) or ama (undigested food metabolites) which in turns leads to number of metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Release of toxins: <span style="font-weight:normal">A recent study found that toxin called 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) forms when oil such as soyabean and sunflower oils are reheated. Consumption of foods prepared with such reheated oils increases the risks of various ailments such as stroke, cardiovascular [[Vyadhi|diseases]], Alzheimer’s disease, various liver [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and even cancer.</span></li></ol>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Release of toxins: <span style="font-weight:normal">A recent study found that toxin called 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) forms when oil such as soyabean and sunflower oils are reheated. Consumption of foods prepared with such reheated oils increases the risks of various ailments such as stroke, cardiovascular [[Vyadhi|diseases]], Alzheimer’s disease, various liver [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and even cancer.</span></li></ol>