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== Types ==
== Types ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">Some food items are unwholesome individually or in combinations for the dosha as well as dhatu of the body. Whereas some of them are unwholesome due to their contradictory qualities. Some by their combination, some by their preparation methods, some by their desha (geographical area or by body type), kala (time), matra (dose) and some by their swabhava (inherent nature). [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/81] Mainly, eighteen types of viruddha are mentioned in Charak Samhita as follows: [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/86-101] </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Some food items are unwholesome individually or in combinations for the dosha as well as dhatu of the body. Whereas some of them are unwholesome due to their contradictory qualities. Some by their combination, some by their preparation methods, some by their desha (geographical area or by body type), kala (time), matra (dose) and some by their swabhava (inherent nature). [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/81] Mainly, eighteen types of viruddha are mentioned in Charak Samhita as follows: [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 26/86-101] </p>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table no.1: Types of viruddha
|+Table no.1: Types of viruddha
!Sr. no.
!Type of viruddha (incompatibility)
!Examples
Examples
|-
|-
|
|1
|Desha (region)
|Desha (region)
|Intake of ruksha (dry) and tikshna (sharp acting) diet in arid region or deserts (jangala desha)
|Intake of ruksha (dry) and tikshna (sharp acting) diet in arid region or deserts (jangala desha)
Intake of snigdha (unctuous) and sheeta (cold) substance in anupa desha (marshy land)
Intake of snigdha (unctuous) and sheeta (cold) substance in anupa desha (marshy land)
|-
|-
|
|2
|Kala (time)
|Kala (time)
|Intake of sheeta (cold) and ruksha (dry) in winter,
|Intake of sheeta (cold) and ruksha (dry) in winter,
Intake of katu (pungent) and ushna (hot) substance in summer.
Intake of katu (pungent) and ushna (hot) substance in summer.
|-
|-
|
|3
|Agni
|Agni
|Intake of food opposite to the power of digestion i.e., agni, for example taking heavy food in case of poor digestive capacity (manda agni)
|Intake of food opposite to the power of digestion i.e., agni, for example taking heavy food in case of poor digestive capacity (manda agni)
|-
|-
|
|4
|Matra (dose)
|Matra (dose)
|Ghee and honey (madhu) in equal quantity
|Ghee and honey (madhu) in equal quantity
|-
|-
|
|5
|Satmya (adaptability)
|Satmya (adaptability)
|Intake of sweet and cold substance by person who is accustomed to katu (pungent) rasa and ushna (hot potency)
|Intake of sweet and cold substance by person who is accustomed to katu (pungent) rasa and ushna (hot potency)
|-
|-
|
|6
|Dosha
|Dosha
|Using food, medicine or procedure having similar qualities with dosha, but at variance with the habit of individual
|Using food, medicine or procedure having similar qualities with dosha, but at variance with the habit of individual
|-
|-
|
|7
|Samskara
|Samskara
|Meat of peacock roasted on a castor spit.
|Meat of peacock roasted on a castor spit.
|-
|-
|
|8
|Virya (potency)
|Virya (potency)
|Substance of ushna (hot) virya taking along with sheeta (cold) virya.
|Substance of ushna (hot) virya taking along with sheeta (cold) virya.
|-
|-
|
|9
|Koshtha (bowel pattern/nature of gut/ alimentary tract)
|Koshtha (bowel pattern/nature of gut/ alimentary tract)
|Administrating mild purgative to krura koshtha (hard bowel) or strong purgative to mrudu koshtha (soft bowel)
|Administrating mild purgative to krura koshtha (hard bowel) or strong purgative to mrudu koshtha (soft bowel)
|-
|-
|
|10
|Avastha
|Avastha
Intake of kapha dosha aggravating food by a person after sleep or by lazy person.
Intake of kapha dosha aggravating food by a person after sleep or by lazy person.
|-
|-
|
|11
|Krama (order of consumption)
|Krama (order of consumption)
|Taking food without emptying bowel or bladder or when not having an appetite or after hunger has been aggravated
|Taking food without emptying bowel or bladder or when not having an appetite or after hunger has been aggravated
|-
|-
|
|12
|Parihar (Contraindication incompatibility)
|Parihar (Contraindication incompatibility)
|Intake of hot things after taking pork
|Intake of hot things after taking pork
|-
|-
|
|13
|Upachara (treatment)
|Upachara (treatment)
|Intake of cold things after taking ghrita (ghee).
|Intake of cold things after taking ghrita (ghee).
|-
|-
|
|14
|Paka (cooking method or process)
|Paka (cooking method or process)
|Preparing food with wrong or rotten fuel and undercooking, overcooking, or burning during preparation.
|Preparing food with wrong or rotten fuel and undercooking, overcooking, or burning during preparation.
|-
|-
|
|15
|Samyoga (combination)
|Samyoga (combination)
|Intake of sour things with milk
|Intake of sour things with milk
|-
|-
|
|16
|Hrit (palatability)
|Hrit (palatability)
|Any substance which is not pleasant to take
|Any substance which is not pleasant to take
|-
|-
|
|17
|Sampad (quality)
|Sampad (quality)
|Intake of substances that are unripe, over ripe or putrefied.
|Intake of substances that are unripe, over ripe or putrefied.
|-
|-
|
|18
|Vidhi (rules for eating)
|Vidhi (rules for eating)
|Not following dietary guidelines (aahara vidhi)
|Not following dietary guidelines (aahara vidhi)