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|title=Varnasvariyam Indriyam Adhyaya

|title=Varnasvariyam Indriyam Adhyaya

|keywords=arishta, fatal signs, near death signs, change in voice, change in complexion, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=arishta, fatal signs, near death signs, change in voice, change in complexion, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 1.Fatal signs in complexion and voice

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 1.Fatal signs in complexion and voice

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

==Introduction ==

==Introduction ==

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Charak has placed [[Indriya Sthana]] (section about near death signs) before [[Chikitsa Sthana]] (section about the treatment of diseases) possibly, to guide physician when not to treat a patient. In this chapter of [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Varnasvariyam Indriyam Adhyaya]], Charak mentions near death signs and symptoms that can be directly observed by visual and other faculties. This chapter also describes ''prakriti'', the natural disposition of an individual, and ''vikriti'', or abnormalities , since such knowledge helps in discerning any sign of ''vikriti'' in a "healthy" individual. Three types of morbid conditions are observed namely, ''lakshana nimitta'', caused by bodily marks, ''lakshya nimitta'', caused by etiological factors which disturb the health, and ''nimitta anuroopa vikriti'', a break down for no apparent reason resembling etiological factors. The chapter describes various near death signs with changes in color, the complexion of body parts and voice.

Charak has placed [[Indriya Sthana]] (section about near death signs) before [[Chikitsa Sthana]] (section about the treatment of diseases) possibly, to guide physician when not to treat a patient. In this chapter of [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Varnasvariyam Indriyam Adhyaya]], Charak mentions near death signs and symptoms that can be directly observed by visual and other faculties. This chapter also describes ''[[prakriti]]'', the natural disposition of an individual, and ''vikriti'', or abnormalities , since such knowledge helps in discerning any sign of ''vikriti'' in a "healthy" individual. Three types of morbid conditions are observed namely, ''lakshana nimitta'', caused by bodily marks, ''lakshya nimitta'', caused by etiological factors which disturb the health, and ''nimitta anuroopa vikriti'', a break down for no apparent reason resembling etiological factors. The chapter describes various near death signs with changes in color, the complexion of body parts and voice.

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==Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation==

==Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation==

Now we shall expound the chapter "Varnasvariyam Indriyam" (Fatal signs in complexion and voice). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]   

Now we shall expound the chapter "Varnasvariyam Indriyam" (Fatal signs in complexion and voice). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]   

Note: This chapter deals with normal and abnormal color, complexion and voice in a person which especially relies on two "indriya" –visual and auditory faculty.

Note: This chapter deals with normal and abnormal color, complexion and voice in a person which especially relies on two "[[indriya]]" –visual and auditory faculty.

=== Factors for assessment of residual span of life ===

=== Factors for assessment of residual span of life ===

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The natural constitution of a person depends upon ''Jati'' (origin as per social structure), ''Kula'' (race), ''Desha'' (place), ''Kala'' (time and season), ''Vaya'' (age), ''Pratyatmaniyata'' (individual habits and habitat). The different variations seen in persons are based upon their origin as per social structure, race, place of living, season, age and individual habits.[5]

The natural constitution of a person depends upon ''Jati'' (origin as per social structure), ''Kula'' (race), ''Desha'' (place), ''[[Kala]]'' (time and season), ''Vaya'' (age), ''Pratyatmaniyata'' (individual habits and habitat). The different variations seen in persons are based upon their origin as per social structure, race, place of living, season, age and individual habits.[5]

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Appearance of abnormal complexion in the entire or half of the body of the individual without any significant reason can be due to abnormal peripheral circulation. Oxygenation can affect the complexion. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alteration in pigmentation is well appreciated.

Appearance of abnormal complexion in the entire or half of the body of the individual without any significant reason can be due to abnormal peripheral circulation. Oxygenation can affect the complexion. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alteration in pigmentation is well appreciated.

When both the lips become bluish like ripe fruits of ''jambu'', this is a clear indication of death. As per modern science this condition is similar to central cyanosis. It is directly due to ''Vata Pratilomata'' (reverse direction of ''Vata'') in different organs. The main [[srotas]] involved are ''Rasavaha srotas'' and ''Raktavaha Srotas.''

When both the lips become bluish like ripe fruits of ''jambu'', this is a clear indication of death. As per modern science this condition is similar to central cyanosis. It is directly due to ''[[Vata]] Pratilomata'' (reverse direction of ''[[Vata]]'') in different organs. The main [[srotas]] involved are ''Rasavaha srotas'' and ''Raktavaha Srotas.''

=== Abnormal voices ===

=== Abnormal voices ===

| 11 || Behavioral conduct (achara) || Behavior and symptom identification scale (BASIS), Client adjustment rating scale, Social behavior assessment schedule, Social maladjustment schedule etc;

| 11 || Behavioral conduct (achara) || Behavior and symptom identification scale (BASIS), Client adjustment rating scale, Social behavior assessment schedule, Social maladjustment schedule etc;

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| 12 || Memory ([[smruti]]) || Addenbrookes cognitive assessment - Revised (ACE-R), Abbreviated mental test score (AMTS), General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG), Memory impairment screen (MIS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), PGI memory scale, Test your memory (TYM) etc;

| 12 || Memory ([[smriti]]) || Addenbrookes cognitive assessment - Revised (ACE-R), Abbreviated mental test score (AMTS), General practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG), Memory impairment screen (MIS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), PGI memory scale, Test your memory (TYM) etc;

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| 13 || Built (akruti) || Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, circumference, skin fold thickness and several other measurements;

| 13 || Built (akruti) || Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, circumference, skin fold thickness and several other measurements;

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'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter.  

'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter.

 

 

== References ==

== References ==