Changes

Mental factors play prime role in sexual behaviour and on this fact. ''Sankalpa'' (determination) is best aphrodisiac. Soumansaya (pleasant mental disposition) is the most important factor in ''garbha dharana'' or conception.  While mentioning factors having beneficial role on sperm quality and quantity, mental factors have also been given importance. ''Harsha'' is termed as stimulating pleasure to initiate the sexual act by psychological means (Gangadhar commentary on 1-4/48). ''Harsha'' can be explained as the desire produced from ''Samkalpa'' (fantasy) leading to erection and ejaculation (Chakrapani commentary) .  

Mental factors play prime role in sexual behaviour and on this fact. ''Sankalpa'' (determination) is best aphrodisiac. Soumansaya (pleasant mental disposition) is the most important factor in ''garbha dharana'' or conception.  While mentioning factors having beneficial role on sperm quality and quantity, mental factors have also been given importance. ''Harsha'' is termed as stimulating pleasure to initiate the sexual act by psychological means (Gangadhar commentary on 1-4/48). ''Harsha'' can be explained as the desire produced from ''Samkalpa'' (fantasy) leading to erection and ejaculation (Chakrapani commentary) .  

Mental status and surroundings of the patient plays crucial role in determining virility of a person. Studies show that psychosocial distress contributes significantly to the etiology of some forms of infertility.<ref>Wasser SK, Sewall G, Soules MR.Psychosocial stress as a cause of infertility. Fertil Steril. 1993 Mar;59(3):685-9.</ref> Stress is one among important factor of increasing infertility. Psychological stress reduces semen quality with a central underlying mechanism being impairment of gonadotropin drive. Stress also reduces sperm quality by increasing plasma ROS generation and decreasing antioxidant protection. Lengthy sexual abstinence was found to affect all semen characteristics. Semen volume and concentration and total sperm count showed significant increases, whereas motility and normal morphology decreased significantly with duration of abstinence. With regard to fertility, a long abstinence period might induce senescence of spermatozoa. Mental stress is one of the main causes of infertility. Healthy and stress free mind increases chances of conception. Advice on modifiable lifestyle factors should be given to people presenting for infertility treatment to help them make positive changes that may improve their chances of pregnancy. Pleasant mind and environment can contribute a lot to improve virility.  

Mental status and surroundings of the patient plays crucial role in determining virility of a person. Studies show that psychosocial distress contributes significantly to the etiology of some forms of infertility.<ref>Wasser SK, Sewall G, Soules MR.Psychosocial stress as a cause of infertility. Fertil Steril. 1993 Mar;59(3):685-9.</ref> Stress is one among important factor of increasing infertility. Psychological stress reduces semen quality with a central underlying mechanism being impairment of gonadotropin drive.<ref>Fenster L, Katz DF, Wyrobek AJ, Pieper C, Rempel DM, Oman D, Swan SH, Effects of psychological stress on human semen quality, J Androl. 1997 Mar-Apr; 18(2):194-202</ref> Stress also reduces sperm quality by increasing plasma ROS generation and decreasing antioxidant protection.<ref>Eskiocak S, Gozen AS, Taskiran A, Kilic AS, Eskiocak M, Gulen , Effect of psychological stress on the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway and semen quality., Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006 May; 39(5):581-8.</ref> Lengthy sexual abstinence was found to affect all semen characteristics. Semen volume and concentration and total sperm count showed significant increases, whereas motility and normal morphology decreased significantly with duration of abstinence. With regard to fertility, a long abstinence period might induce senescence of spermatozoa. Mental stress is one of the main causes of infertility. Healthy and stress free mind increases chances of conception. Advice on modifiable lifestyle factors should be given to people presenting for infertility treatment to help them make positive changes that may improve their chances of pregnancy. Pleasant mind and environment can contribute a lot to improve virility.  

Eight factors which are involved in ejaculation process are mentioned. ''Harsha'', as discussed earlier, is stimulating pleasure to initiate the sexual act by psychological means. ''Harsha'' is the desire produced from ''Sankalpa'' (determination) leading to erection and ejaculation. Chakrapani described ''tarsha'' as ''vanitanamabhilasha'' i.e. desire of female partner. The word ''tarsha'' is also used to denote ''trisha'' so it can be described as strong desire to have female partner. Both the ''harsha'' and ''tarsha'' are psychological entities. According to Hemadri, the substance which is having the potency of ''prerana'' (stimulation) is called ''sara''. So, ''sara'' is the natural quality of ''shukra'' and so it flows without retention.  ''Picchilata'' refers to sliminess and so it helps in smooth ejaculation. ''Gurutva'' helps in falling of semen. ''Anu'' refers to small so due to ''anubhava'' semen comes out quickly. Chakrapani comments that due to ''anubhava shukra'' has tendency to come out. The factors ''sara, paicchilya, guru, anubhava'' and ''pravanabhava'' are the physical properties of ''shukra'' which helps in ejaculation.

Eight factors which are involved in ejaculation process are mentioned. ''Harsha'', as discussed earlier, is stimulating pleasure to initiate the sexual act by psychological means. ''Harsha'' is the desire produced from ''Sankalpa'' (determination) leading to erection and ejaculation. Chakrapani described ''tarsha'' as ''vanitanamabhilasha'' i.e. desire of female partner. The word ''tarsha'' is also used to denote ''trisha'' so it can be described as strong desire to have female partner. Both the ''harsha'' and ''tarsha'' are psychological entities. According to Hemadri, the substance which is having the potency of ''prerana'' (stimulation) is called ''sara''. So, ''sara'' is the natural quality of ''shukra'' and so it flows without retention.  ''Picchilata'' refers to sliminess and so it helps in smooth ejaculation. ''Gurutva'' helps in falling of semen. ''Anu'' refers to small so due to ''anubhava'' semen comes out quickly. Chakrapani comments that due to ''anubhava shukra'' has tendency to come out. The factors ''sara, paicchilya, guru, anubhava'' and ''pravanabhava'' are the physical properties of ''shukra'' which helps in ejaculation.