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<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting can be used for underweight people: <span style="font-weight:normal">Fasting can be judiciously used in the person who cannot gain weight. As metabolism is improved through fasting,the body regains the capability to assimilate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, starches, sugars, minerals, vitamins, and all other essential nutrients necessary because all organs work appropriately after fasting.<ref>Mansell, P I, and I A Macdonald. “The effect of starvation on insulin-induced glucose disposal and thermogenesis in humans.” Metabolism: clinical and experimental vol. 39,5 (1990): 502-10. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90009-2</ref></span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting can be used for underweight people: <span style="font-weight:normal">Fasting can be judiciously used in the person who cannot gain weight. As metabolism is improved through fasting,the body regains the capability to assimilate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, starches, sugars, minerals, vitamins, and all other essential nutrients necessary because all organs work appropriately after fasting.<ref>Mansell, P I, and I A Macdonald. “The effect of starvation on insulin-induced glucose disposal and thermogenesis in humans.” Metabolism: clinical and experimental vol. 39,5 (1990): 502-10. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90009-2</ref></span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Weakness: <span style="font-weight:normal">In the clinical features of appropriate langhana therapy, lightness of the body, lack of drowsiness, exertion or fatigue, and many other symptoms are mentioned.These indicate positive physiology. Thus, weakness is not the outcome mentioned for langhananeither it is expected. Only after the Shodhana kind of Langhana this maybe found.</span></li></ul>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Weakness: <span style="font-weight:normal">In the clinical features of appropriate langhana therapy, lightness of the body, lack of drowsiness, exertion or fatigue, and many other symptoms are mentioned.These indicate positive physiology. Thus, weakness is not the outcome mentioned for langhananeither it is expected. Only after the Shodhana kind of Langhana this maybe found.</span></li></ul>
== Autophagy vis-a-visupavasa ==
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Autophagy (self-eating) is a metabolic process in which the cell eliminates non-essential components via a lysosome-dependent, regulatory mechanism. It transforms cellulardetritus into survival-essential energy.</li>
<li>Autophagy occurs in our body primarily during the energy deprivation phase, such as fasting. Fasting destroys metabolic toxins, ignites the digestive fire and clears all the blockage in our body's channels, which ultimately provides good health. Fasting is a ubiquitous religious and cultural practice that is found, in varying forms, across the world.</li>
<li>Fasting stimulate autophagy,it helps in the cell renewal process and it also help in declining the aging process.</li></ul>
== Researches on fasting and its effect on physiology ==
<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and the brain:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Fontan-Lozano A, Saez-Cassanelli JL, Inda MC, de losSantosArteaga M, Sierra-Dominguez SA, Lopez-Lluch G, DelgadoGarcia JM, Carrion AM. Caloric restriction increases learning consolidation and facilitates synaptic plasticity through mechanisms dependent on NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. J Neurosci. 2007; 27:10185–10195</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and factors implicated in aging:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Guevara-Aguirre J, Balasubramanian P, Guevara-Aguirre M, Wei M, Madia F, Cheng CW, Hwang D, Martin-Montalvo A, Saavedra J, Ingles S, de Cabo R, Cohen P, Longo VD. Growth hormone receptor deficiency is associated with a major reduction in pro-aging signaling, cancer, and diabetes in humans. SciTransl Med. 2011;16;3(70):70ra13.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and cancer:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Longo VD, Mattson MP. Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2014;19(2):181-92.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and inflammation and hypertension:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Goldhamer AC, Lisle DJ, Sultana P, Anderson SV, Parpia B, Hughes B, Campbell TC. Medically supervised water-only fasting in the treatment of borderline hypertension. J Altern Complement Med. 2002; 8:643–650.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and metabolic syndrome:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2013; 62:137–143.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and self-control:<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The findings of a famous psychology experiment termed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment Stanford marshmallow experiment], are closely related to the traditional reason behind fasting. In the experiment, children were left in a room alone for 15 minutes and given a candy. They were given a promise that if the child did not eat the candy at the end of the 15 minutes, he/she would get two candies. Children who could control the temptation for 15 minutes to get the reward were later tracked in life. After 2 decades, they became way more successful than the kids who got tempted to eat the candy as soon as they were given it. Fifty years post the experiment, the researcher talks about self-controlas a muscle that must be exercised and built.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Fasting and autophagy:<ref>Ohsumi Y. Yoshinori Ohsumi: autophagy from beginning to end. Interview by Caitlin Sedwick. J Cell Biol. 2012;197(2):164-165. doi:10.1083/jcb.1972pi</ref><br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The controlled digestion of internal cell components is called autophagy.Basically, when we give fuel to mitochondria, when they don’t need them, they release a large number of electrons, giving rise to reactive oxygen species that act as free radicals. These free radicals damage not only mitochondria, but also nuclear DNA. Yoshinori Ohsumi a cellular biologist from Japan, was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2016 in physiology and medicine for discovering the importance of autophagy for many physiological processes such as adaption to fasting and the Mechanism of Autophagy.</span></li></ol>
== References ==
== References ==