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{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Trishna Chikitsa

|title=Trishna Chikitsa

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<big>''' [[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 22. Management of Trishna (Morbid thirst) </big>'''  

<big>''' [[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 22. Management of Trishna (Morbid thirst) </big>'''  

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data7  = Pande A.

|data7  = Pande A.

|label8 = Editors  

|label8 = Editors  

|data8  = Ojha S.N., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Ojha S.N., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = 2020

|data9 = 2020

<big>''' Abstract </big>'''  

<big>''' Abstract </big>'''  

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<p style="text-align:justify;">''Trishna'' and ''pipasa'' are two commonly used words denoting desire for water, the difference between the two is, ''trishna'' is pathological and ''pipasa'' is physiological. Generally, desire for water is physiological process to maintain fluid balance but if ''dosha'' are vitiated then they can lead to excessive thirst and can produce ''trishna'', a disease in which person constantly craves for the water. Beside independent disease, ''trishna'' or thirst is also seen as prodromal symptom, clinical feature, complication, poor prognostic sign etc. in various clinical conditions. In this chapter, etiological factors, premonitory symptoms, pathogenesis, clinical features and complications of trishna as a disease are discussed.

''Trishna'' and ''pipasa'' are two commonly used words denoting desire for water, the difference between the two is, ''trishna'' is pathological and ''pipasa'' is physiological. Generally, desire for water is physiological process to maintain fluid balance but if ''dosha'' are vitiated then they can lead to excessive thirst and can produce ''trishna'', a disease in which person constantly craves for the water. Beside independent disease, ''trishna'' or thirst is also seen as prodromal symptom, clinical feature, complication, poor prognostic sign etc. in various clinical conditions. In this chapter, etiological factors, premonitory symptoms, pathogenesis, clinical features and complications of trishna as a disease are discussed.

</br>

</div>

'''Keywords''': trishna, [[vata]], [[pitta]], mukha shosha, jala, thirst, polydipsia, water and fluid balance, osmosis, ion balance.

'''Keywords''': trishna, [[vata]], [[pitta]], mukha shosha, jala, thirst, polydipsia, water and fluid balance, osmosis, ion balance.

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

Nowadays we are using bottled water frequently. So, it is necessary that we analyze properties of bottled water also. Studies have shown that chemicals called phthalates, which are known to disrupt testosterone and other hormones, can leach into bottled water over time. One study found that water that had been stored for 10 weeks in plastic and in glass bottles contained phthalates, suggesting that the chemicals could be coming from the plastic cap or liner.<ref>Available from: http://www.nrdc.org/about </ref> The bacterial count in bottled water increased dramatically, from less than 1 colony per milliliter (col/mL) to 38,000 col/mL over 48 hours of storage at 37 degrees C. Bacterial growth was markedly reduced at cold temperatures (refrigeration) compared with room temperature, with 50% fewer bacterial colonies in 24 hours and 84% fewer colonies in 48 hours. Interestingly, tap water resulted in only minimal growth, especially at cold temperatures (< 100 col/mL at 48 hours). These findings may be useful to increase public awareness and development of guidelines on storage temperature and expiration time for bottled water once it is opened and used.<ref>Raj SD., Bottled water: how safe is it? Water Environ Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;77(7):3013-8.</ref> In a study it was suggested that various types of unfinished beverages have microorganism growth and can include food borne pathogens and bacterial toxins.<ref>Watanabe M, Ohnishi T, Araki E, Kanda T, Tomita A, Ozawa K, Goto K, Sugiyama K, Konuma H, Hara-Kudo Y., Characteristics of bacterial and fungal growth in plastic bottled beverages under a consuming condition model, J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014;49(7):819-26.</ref> This suggests that proper and judicious use of water should be done in healthy as well as diseases condition.

Nowadays we are using bottled water frequently. So, it is necessary that we analyze properties of bottled water also. Studies have shown that chemicals called phthalates, which are known to disrupt testosterone and other hormones, can leach into bottled water over time. One study found that water that had been stored for 10 weeks in plastic and in glass bottles contained phthalates, suggesting that the chemicals could be coming from the plastic cap or liner.<ref>Available from: http://www.nrdc.org/about </ref> The bacterial count in bottled water increased dramatically, from less than 1 colony per milliliter (col/mL) to 38,000 col/mL over 48 hours of storage at 37 degrees C. Bacterial growth was markedly reduced at cold temperatures (refrigeration) compared with room temperature, with 50% fewer bacterial colonies in 24 hours and 84% fewer colonies in 48 hours. Interestingly, tap water resulted in only minimal growth, especially at cold temperatures (< 100 col/mL at 48 hours). These findings may be useful to increase public awareness and development of guidelines on storage temperature and expiration time for bottled water once it is opened and used.<ref>Raj SD., Bottled water: how safe is it? Water Environ Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;77(7):3013-8.</ref> In a study it was suggested that various types of unfinished beverages have microorganism growth and can include food borne pathogens and bacterial toxins.<ref>Watanabe M, Ohnishi T, Araki E, Kanda T, Tomita A, Ozawa K, Goto K, Sugiyama K, Konuma H, Hara-Kudo Y., Characteristics of bacterial and fungal growth in plastic bottled beverages under a consuming condition model, J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014;49(7):819-26.</ref> This suggests that proper and judicious use of water should be done in healthy as well as diseases condition.

</div>

</div>

== References ==

== References ==