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|title=Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya

|title=Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya

|keywords=Adana kala, seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, ritu(season), satmya(adaptability), seasonal regimen, bala, strength in seasons, immunity, visarga kala,ecology,bio-physical environment, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|keywords=Adana kala, seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, ritu(season), satmya(adaptability), seasonal regimen, bala, strength in seasons, immunity, visarga kala,ecology,bio-physical environment, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle '''</big>

<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle '''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Reddy P.S.

|data7  = Reddy P.S.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Reddy P.S.

|data8  = Reddy P.S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  =  

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.008 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.008]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle for preservation of health. The year is divided into seasons  based upon the changes in environmental conditions, temperature, day-night cycle and circadian rhythm. Being an integral unit of the nature, these seasonal changes in nature affect human physiology too. Therefore, one must follow the specific regimen for maintaining the equilibrium of body components in harmony with nature. The seasonal regimen is designed on the basis of changes in the [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength), and [[agni]] (digestive power). This chapter continues the study of dietary regimen from the preceding chapters by adding the dimension of time and seasonal variations to it. </br>

<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle for preservation of health. The year is divided into seasons  based upon the changes in environmental conditions, temperature, day-night cycle and circadian rhythm. Being an integral unit of the nature, these seasonal changes in nature affect human physiology too. Therefore, one must follow the specific regimen for maintaining the equilibrium of body components in harmony with nature. The seasonal regimen is designed on the basis of changes in the [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength), and [[agni]] (digestive power). This chapter continues the study of dietary regimen from the preceding chapters by adding the dimension of time and seasonal variations to it. </div>

'''Keywords''':  [[Adana kala]], seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, [[ritu]](season), [[satmya]](adaptability), seasonal regimen,  [[bala]], strength in seasons, immunity, [[visarga kala]],ecology,bio-physical environment.

'''Keywords''':  [[Adana kala]], seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, [[ritu]](season), [[satmya]](adaptability), seasonal regimen,  [[bala]], strength in seasons, immunity, [[visarga kala]],ecology,bio-physical environment.

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</p>

 

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

|-

|-

| rowspan="6" | [[Samvatsara]]

| rowspan="6" | [[Samvatsara]]

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttarayana]] [[Adana Kala]] [[Bala]]-Less

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttarayana]] [[Adana kala]] [[Bala]]-Less

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shishira]] (Late Winter)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shishira]] (Late Winter)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Magha]](Tapa) and [[Phalguna]](Tapasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Magha]](Tapa) and [[Phalguna]](Tapasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-May to Mid-July

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-May to Mid-July

|-

|-

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Dakshinayana]] [[Visarga Kala]] [[Bala]]-Good

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Dakshinayana]] [[Visarga kala]] [[Bala]]-Good

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Varsha]] (Rainy Season)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Varsha]] (Rainy Season)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shravana]](Nabha) and [[Bhadrapada]](Nabhasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shravana]](Nabha) and [[Bhadrapada]](Nabhasya)

</div>

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==== Concept of [[ritu sandhi]] ====

==== Concept of [[ritusandhi]] ====

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The last seven days of preceding [[ritu]] and first seven days of following [[ritu]] are together known as [[ritusandhi]] (meeting of two seasons). During this period the regimen of the previous season should be discontinued gradually and those of the succeeding season adopted slowly. Particular [[padamshika krama]] (sequential regimen) has to be adopted i.e. Unhealthy things which one has become accustomed should be discontinued gradually. Similarly healthy things (food etc.) should be made use of (gradually) with intervals of one, two or three days.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/36-37]  On the other hand, if they are discontinued or adopted suddenly, diseases due to unaccustomed foods and activities develop.<ref> Vridha Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.4 Ritucharya Adhyaya verse 21. In: Shivaprasad sharma, Editor. Ashtanga Sangraha. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012</ref> It is a significant advice, as the changeover of external environment from one season to other is very rapid, but our endogenous system needs some time for smooth change over.

The last seven days of preceding [[ritu]] and first seven days of following [[ritu]] are together known as [[ritusandhi]] (meeting of two seasons). During this period the regimen of the previous season should be discontinued gradually and those of the succeeding season adopted slowly. Particular [[padamshika krama]] (sequential regimen) has to be adopted i.e. Unhealthy things which one has become accustomed should be discontinued gradually. Similarly healthy things (food etc.) should be made use of (gradually) with intervals of one, two or three days.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/36-37]  On the other hand, if they are discontinued or adopted suddenly, diseases due to unaccustomed foods and activities develop.<ref> Vridha Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.4 Ritucharya Adhyaya verse 21. In: Shivaprasad sharma, Editor. Ashtanga Sangraha. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012</ref> It is a significant advice, as the changeover of external environment from one season to other is very rapid, but our endogenous system needs some time for smooth change over.

====[[Yamadamshtra]] (period of increased mortality) ====

====[[Yamadamshtra]] (period of increased mortality) ====

The duration of last eight days of [[Kartika]] month and first eight days of [[Margashirsha]] month is termed as [[yamadamshtra]]. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal.<ref> Sharangadhar Purva khanda 2/30 </ref>

The duration of last eight days of [[Kartika]] month and first eight days of [[Margashirsha]] month is termed as [[yamadamshtra]]. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal.<ref> Parasuram Shasthri, Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khand,Chap. 2, Bhaishajyakhyanakam, verse 30,  In: Parasuram Shasthri, Editor. Sharangadhara Samhita.3rd ed. Varanasi: Choukhamba Orientalia;1983. </ref>

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Many diseases described in [[Ayurveda]] have their own peculiar causes to develop in particular season, like [[jwara]], [[tamaka shvasa]], [[pratishyaya]], [[amlapitta]], [[shirahshula]], [[sandhi-shula]], [[atisara]], [[sheetapitta]], [[kushtha]] etc.  

Many diseases described in [[Ayurveda]] have their own peculiar causes to develop in particular season, like [[jwara]], [[tamaka shvasa]], [[pratishyaya]], [[amlapitta]], [[shirahshula]], [[sandhi-shula]], [[atisara]], [[sheetapitta]], [[kushtha]] etc.  

#[[Jwara]] (fever) is of two types, viz., [[prakrita]] (natural) and [[vaikrita]] (unnatural) based on prognosis. On the basis of [[prakriti]] (basic constitution) of time the fever is termed as [[prakrita]] (natural). [[Kaphaja jwara]] occurs in [[vasanta]] and [[pitta]] dominant in [[sharada]] (autumn), are known as [[prakrita'' (normal) and are easily curable, while [[vata]] dominant [[jwara]] in [[prakrita]] season ([[pravrita]]) is not easily curable. Fever occurs in seasons other than that responsible for vitiation of the concerned [[dosha]] is known as [[Vaikrita]] (unnatural) which is troublesome. (Cha.Chi. 3/42)

# [[Jwara]] (fever) is of two types, viz., [[prakrita]] (natural) and [[vaikrita]] (unnatural) based on prognosis. On the basis of [[prakriti]] (basic constitution) of time the fever is termed as [[prakrita]] (natural). [[Kaphaja jwara]] occurs in [[vasanta]] and [[pitta]] dominant in [[sharada]] (autumn), are known as [[prakrita]]'' (normal) and are easily curable, while [[vata]] dominant [[jwara]] in [[prakrita]] season ([[pravrita]]) is not easily curable. Fever occurs in seasons other than that responsible for vitiation of the concerned [[dosha]] is known as [[Vaikrita]] (unnatural) which is troublesome. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/42]

#[[Tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) is aggravated by cloudy, cold, rainy weather and easterly wind and [[kapha]] increasing factors. On the other hand warmth relieves the symptoms.

#[[Tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) is aggravated by cloudy, cold, rainy weather and easterly wind and [[kapha]] increasing factors. On the other hand warmth relieves the symptoms.

#[[Pratishyaya]] (rhinitis): Seasonal irregularity is one of the causative factors of [[pratishyaya]].(Cha.Chi. 26/104) Thus [[pratishyaya]] can occur in any season if we do not follow seasonal regimen and especially in exposure to too much of cold.

#[[Pratishyaya]] (rhinitis): Seasonal irregularity is one of the causative factors of [[pratishyaya]].[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/104] Thus [[pratishyaya]] can occur in any season if we do not follow seasonal regimen and especially in exposure to too much of cold.

#[[Amlapitta]] (acid peptic disorder) is prevalent in rainy season because of natural accumulation of [[pitta]] in rainy season. Indulgence in foods which are incompatible, spoiled, very sour, causing burning sensation in epigastrium cause increase of [[pitta]] to produce [[amlapitta]], in persons in whom [[pitta]] has already increased.<ref> Madhav Nidana 51/1 </ref>

#[[Amlapitta]] (acid peptic disorder) is prevalent in rainy season because of natural accumulation of [[pitta]] in rainy season. Indulgence in foods which are incompatible, spoiled, very sour, causing burning sensation in epigastrium cause increase of [[pitta]] to produce [[amlapitta]], in persons in whom [[pitta]] has already increased. [M.N 51/1]<ref name=Madava>Madhavakara. Madhava Nidanam (Roga vinischaya). Translated from Sanskrit by K. R. Srikantha Murthy. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2007</ref>

#[[Shirahshula]] (headache) is a common feature of all types of [[shiroroga]] and is of three types:  

#[[Shirahshula]] (headache) is a common feature of all types of [[shiroroga]] and is of three types:  

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shiroroga]]:

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shiroroga]]:

###Relieving factors: Hot season

###Relieving factors: Hot season

#[[Shula]] (pain)

#[[Shula]] (pain)

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shula]]: [[Vata]] dominant [[shula]] especially gets exacerbated after digestion of food, in the evening time, at the end of night, during cloudy and rainy days, in cold climate, and due to direct and eastern wind exposure.<ref> Madhav Nidana 26/4 </ref>  [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name=Susruta/> It gets relieved by [[swedana]](sudation), [[abhyanga]](oil massage), [[mardana]](massage), unctuous, and hot food items. On the basis of site of the [[vata]], the different sites are affected.  

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shula]]: [[Vata]] dominant [[shula]] especially gets exacerbated after digestion of food, in the evening time, at the end of night, during cloudy and rainy days, in cold climate, and due to direct and eastern wind exposure.[M.N 26/4]<ref name=Madava/>  [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name=Susruta/> It gets relieved by [[swedana]](sudation), [[abhyanga]](oil massage), [[mardana]](massage), unctuous, and hot food items. On the basis of site of the [[vata]], the different sites are affected.  

##[[Pitta]] dominant [[shula]]: It gets exacerbated during mid day, mid night, at the time of digestion of food, and during [[sharada]] [[ritu]]. It gets relieved by cold season, cold and [[madhura]] food.<ref> Madhav Nidana 26/8 </ref>

##[[Pitta]] dominant [[shula]]: It gets exacerbated during mid day, mid night, at the time of digestion of food, and during [[sharada]] [[ritu]]. It gets relieved by cold season, cold and [[madhura]] food. [M.N 26/8]<ref name=Madava/>

##[[Kapha]] dominant [[shula]]: This type of pain gets exacerbated just after intake of food, during early morning, at the beginning of night, and during [[shishira]] and [[vasanta]] seasons.<ref> Madhav Nidana 26/10 </ref>

##[[Kapha]] dominant [[shula]]: This type of pain gets exacerbated just after intake of food, during early morning, at the beginning of night, and during [[shishira]] and [[vasanta]] seasons. [M.N 26/10]<ref name=Madava/>

#[[Atisara]] (diarrhea): [[Rituviparyaya]] (any deviation from seasonal regimen) is an important cause of [[atisara]] .[Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 40/4]<ref name=Susruta/>

#[[Atisara]] (diarrhea): [[Rituviparyaya]] (any deviation from seasonal regimen) is an important cause of [[atisara]] .[Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 40/4]<ref name=Susruta/>

#[[Sheetapitta]] (urticaria): Exposure to cold air aggravates [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [[dosha]], and along with [[pitta]] cause [[sheetapitta]]. It increases during rainy and winter seasons and especially in [[shishira]] [[ritu]].<ref> Madhav Nidana 50/1 </ref>

#[[Sheetapitta]] (urticaria): Exposure to cold air aggravates [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [[dosha]], and along with [[pitta]] cause [[sheetapitta]]. It increases during rainy and winter seasons and especially in [[shishira]] [[ritu]]. [M.N 50/1]<ref name=Madava/>

#[[Kushtha]] (skin diseases): The first important cause of [[kushtha]] is [[viruddha anna-pana]] (intake of antagonistic food), which includes [[kala viruddha]] also for e.g. during hot season intake of [[katu]] and hot variety of foods and during cold season [[ruksha]] (rough) and [[sheeta]] (cold) foods are [[kala]] [[viruddha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/4-8]

#[[Kushtha]] (skin diseases): The first important cause of [[kushtha]] is [[viruddha anna-pana]] (intake of antagonistic food), which includes [[kala viruddha]] also for e.g. during hot season intake of [[katu]] and hot variety of foods and during cold season [[ruksha]] (rough) and [[sheeta]] (cold) foods are [[kala]] [[viruddha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/4-8]

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*Nathani et al, 2013, in a clinical research<ref> Nathani Neeru et al, 2013 </ref> found that maximum number of patients of [[tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) were registered in winter seasons ([[hemanta]] and [[shishira]]), [[vasanta]] and [[varsha]]. These seasons were the predominant period of asthma attack in majority of cases. In maximum number of cases the attack of [[tamaka shvasa]] gets precipitated by intake of [[kapha]] and [[vata]] vitiating [[sheeta]], [[guru]], [[madhura]] and [[amla]] [[rasa]] predominant [[ahara]] like ice-cream, cold drink, cold water, fruit juices, curd, sweets, rice, pickle, salad with lemon etc. in all seasons.  

*Nathani et al, 2013, in a clinical research<ref> Nathani Neeru et al, 2013 </ref> found that maximum number of patients of [[tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) were registered in winter seasons ([[hemanta]] and [[shishira]]), [[vasanta]] and [[varsha]]. These seasons were the predominant period of asthma attack in majority of cases. In maximum number of cases the attack of [[tamaka shvasa]] gets precipitated by intake of [[kapha]] and [[vata]] vitiating [[sheeta]], [[guru]], [[madhura]] and [[amla]] [[rasa]] predominant [[ahara]] like ice-cream, cold drink, cold water, fruit juices, curd, sweets, rice, pickle, salad with lemon etc. in all seasons.  

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== References ==

== References ==