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|title=Tanmatra
|title=Tanmatra
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Tanmatra, Tanmatra in ayurveda, Tanmatra meaning, Charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, NawkarMadhumati S., Basisht G., Deole Y.S., Tanmatra Definition, Types of tanmatras, Sukshmabhoota, avishesha, paramanu, Concept of Tanmatra, Vaisheshika theory, Tanmatra and quantum spins, Tanmatra and elementary particles, tanmatra in clinical practices,
|keywords=Tanmatra, Tanmatra in ayurveda, Tanmatra meaning, Charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Nawkar Madhumati S., Basisht G., Deole Y.S., Tanmatra Definition, Types of tanmatras, Sukshmabhoota, avishesha, paramanu, Concept of Tanmatra, Vaisheshika theory, Tanmatra and quantum spins, Tanmatra and elementary particles, tanmatra in clinical practices, padartha vijnana, subtle elements
|description=The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics
|description=The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|type=article
|type=article
}}
}}
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics. [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] being the [[Ayu|life]] science has focused on the genesis of [[Ayu|life]] along with the fulfillment of long healthy [[Ayu|life]]. This concept of genesis of [[Ayu|life]] in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] find its roots in [[Sharira Sankhya Sharira|Sankhya]] philosophy and Vedant Philosophy. This concept of tanmatras is reflected as the influence of [[Sharira Sankhya Sharira|Sankhya]] and Vedant philosophy on [[Ayurveda|Ayurved]].
The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics. Ayurveda being the life science has focused on the genesis of life along with the fulfillment of long healthy life. This concept of genesis of life in Ayurveda find its roots in Sankhya philosophy and Vedant Philosophy. This concept of tanmatras is reflected as the influence of Sankhya and Vedant philosophy on Ayurved.
</p>
</div>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|data1 = Concepts/[[Tanmatra]]
|data1 = Concepts/[[Tanmatra]]
|label2 = Authors
|label2 = Authors
|data2 = NawkarMadhumati S.<sup>1</sup>
|data2 = Nawkar Madhumati S.<sup>1</sup>
|label3 = Reviewer
|label3 = Reviewer
|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>2</sup>,
|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>2</sup>,
|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>
|data4 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>
|label5 = Affiliations
|label5 = Affiliations
|data5 = <sup>1</sup>DepartmentofSanskritSamhitaSiddhanta, R. T. AyurvedMahavidyalaya, Akola, Maharashtra, India<br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.<br/><sup>3</sup>Department ofKayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
|data5 = <sup>1</sup>Department of Sanskrit Samhita Siddhanta, R. T. Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Akola, Maharashtra, India<br/><sup>2</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.<br/><sup>3</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
|label6 = Correspondence emails
|label6 = Correspondence emails
|data6 =madhumati.nawkar@gmail.com, <br/>carakasamhita@gmail.com
|data6 =madhumati.nawkar@gmail.com, <br/>carakasamhita@gmail.com
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
|label8 = Date of publication:
|label8 = Date of publication:
|data8 =November 24, 2022
|data8 =November 28, 2022
|label9 = DOI
|label9 = DOI
|data9 = In process
|data9 = {{DoiWithLink}}
}}
}}
== Etymology ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
The word Tanmatra is made up of two words Tat+ Matra. Literary meaning ‘only that’. The term matra indicates the subtleness (Suksmatva)<ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika, Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953, P.20.</ref></div>
=== Definition ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
Tanmatras are trifled, rudimentary or subtle elements from which the grosser elements ([[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhoota]]) are produced.<ref>Sir Monnier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Southern Publication, Madras, 1987, P. 434.</ref> The shabdadi (subject of senses / quality of [[Pancha mahabhuta|Mahabhootas]]) which are anudbhuta (In evolutionary stage) and can not be sensed by external sense organs are ‘tanmatras’. Only a person with highly developed senses like yogi can experience it.<ref>Dalhan, NibandhSangraha commentary on SushrutSamhita,SharirSthana Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p. 339.</ref></div>
== Types of tanmatras ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
There are five sense perceptions -hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell and there are five tanmatras corresponding to the five-sense perception <ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.4,5.</ref>
<br/>These are five in number
# Shabda tanmatra or sukshma [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha mahabhuta]]
# Sparsha tanmatra or sukshma [[vayu mahabhuta]]
# Rupa tanmatra or sukshma [[Agni mahabhuta|teja/agni mahabhuta]]
# Rasa tanmatra or sukshma [[Jala mahabhuta|jala/aap mahabhuta]]
# Gandha tanmatra or sukshma [[prithvi mahabhuta]]</div>
=== Synonyms ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
Sukshma bhoota<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan Chapter 1, verse 63, ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.293.</ref>, avishesha<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika, verse 38 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.33.</ref>, paramanu<ref>Dr.V.J. Thakar, AyurvediyaMaulik Siddhant, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,1985 P.135.</ref>. </div>
== Concept of Tanmatra as per Sankhya philosophy ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
While describing the surge of Universe the Sankhya explains the role of tanmatra. Sankhya enlisted 25 principles behind creation of universe. These principles are classified into 4 categories according to their role in the surge.<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika verse 3 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953.P4.</ref></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="align:left;"
! Sr no.
! Category
! Name
! Number
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| Mula [[prakriti]] (origin/ creator)
| [[Prakriti|prakriti]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 01
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| Prakriti-vikriti (creator & creation dual nature)
| [[Mahat]]<br/>[[Ahankar]]<br/>Panchtanmatra
| style="text-align:center;" | 07
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| Vikar (creation)
| [[Pancha mahabhuta|Panchamahabhoota]] (five fundamental elements)<br/>[[Panchajnanendriya]] (five sense organs)<br/>[[Panchakarmendriya]] (five motor organs)<br/>[[Manas|Mind (mana)]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| Na [[Prakriti|prakriti]] navikar (neither creator nor creation)
| [[Purusha|Purusha]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 01
|-
|}
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
According to Sankhyas at the initial stage the two original eternal principles are mula [[prakriti]] or [[Avyakta|avyakta]] (principal origin) and [[Purusha|purusha]].<br/>[[Prakriti|Prakriti]] is the original state with balanced state of [[Triguna|triguna]], everything is in a mass and one thing cannot be distinguished from one another. [[Prakriti|Prakriti]] with the help of [[Purusha|purusha]] causes the creation. <ref>Dr.D.L. Chary, A Textbook of Padartha Vijnana Evum Ayurved Itihasa, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan,Delhi,2017, P.74.</ref><br/>
The next principle [[mahat]] (cosmic intellect) gets originated from [[Avyakta|avyakta]], and this further originates [[ahankara]] (ego/ self sense of cosmos). The [[ahankara]] is of three types.
# Sattvika: [[Ahankara]] with dominance of [[Sattva|sattva]], also known as vaikarika.
# Rajasika: [[Ahankara]] with dominance of [[Rajas|rajas]], also known as tejas.
# Tamasika: [[Ahankara]] with dominance of [[Tamas|tamas]], also known as bhutadi.
The tanmatras originate from tamas ahankara with the help of [[Rajas|rajas]] ahankara. These tanmatras are subtle structures considered as ‘avishesha’ and are the sources of [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta (five basic elements)]]. The [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] are macroscopic structures and categorized as vikara (creations). Eleven [[Indriya|indriyas]] originate from sattvika [[ahankara]] with help of rajasika [[ahankara]]. Tanmatras are principles/ elements with dual nature (i.e. creator and creations) originated from [[Tamas|tamas]] and [[Rajas|rajas]] ahankara. These tanmatras create gross elements.</div>
== Vedant philosophy ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>In the text ‘Vedant Sara’, in context of explaining the surge of universe, it is mentioned that Chaitanya (consciousness), when covered by [[Tamas|tamas]] dominance, creates [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha]]. Thereafter, [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] is originates from [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha]]; [[Agni mahabhuta|teja]] originates from [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and further [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]] originates from [[Agni mahabhuta|teja]]. Lastly [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]] originates from [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]]. At this time, these subtle elements (sukshmabhuta) or tanmatras are apanchikruta<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 18, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi,1998, P28</ref> (singular and not quintupled)..
<br/>Panchikarana (quintiplication) is the process explained by Vedanta for the formation of gross elements from tanmatras.</div>
== Vaisheshika philosophy ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>According to Vaisheshika philosophy, at the initial stage, there are parmanus (atoms) of four [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]] (namely [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]], [[Agni mahabhuta|agni]], [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]], [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]]). The gross [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhutas]] are created from those paramanu.<ref>Vd. A. Bhatkar, Padarthvidnyan, Rajni Publisher, Nagpur,2008, P. 44.</ref></div>
== Ayurveda ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Twenty four principles (chaturvinshati tatvatmak [[Purusha|purusha]]) are listed in [[Charak Samhita New Edition|Charak Samhita]]. Instead of 25 principles mentioned by [[Sharira Sankhya Sharira|Samkhya]], here only 24 principles are counted. The [[Purusha|purusha]] and [[Prakriti|prakriti]] considered as one principle that is [[Avyakta|avyakta]].<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan, Chapter 1 verse 60 ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.293.</ref> These principles are classified into two categories – 8 [[Prakriti|prakriti]] (creators) and 16 vikara (creations) [Cha.Sa. ShariraSthana1/63]. Tanmatras are considered as [[Prakriti|prakriti]] tattva and para (supreme). [Cha.Sa. ShariraSthana 1/35] Sushruta explained the surge in universe, counted 24 principles (tattva). He has mentioned the creation of tanmatras from [[Tamas|tamasa]] and [[Rajas|rajasa]] ahankara. [Su.Sa. ShariraSthana 1]</div>
== Theories of origination of mahabhutas from tanmatras ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>There are various opinions about origination of gross elements ([[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhutas]]) from subtle elements (tanmatras)
<ol><li>Each [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]] originates from its own tanmatra. As commented by Shri Gaudapad on Sankhyakarika, [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha]] originated from shabda tanmatra, [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] from sparsha tanmatra, [[Agni mahabhuta|agni]] from rupa tanmatra, [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]] from rasa [[Tanmatra|tanmatra]] and [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]] from gandha tanmatra respectively.<ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse3 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P4.</ref>
<li>Quintiplication (panchikarana): <br/>In Vedant philosophy, it is believed that for formation of each gross element all tanmatras take part in specific proportion. The dominance of concerned tanmatra gives rise to the concerned [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhoota]]. That is in each sthulabhuta 50% or ½ portion will show dominance of its own tanmatra and rest four tanmatras will occupy 1/8th portion (12.50%) each. This is known as panchikarana.<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 28, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi.1998,P.36.</ref></li>
For example, [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha mahabhoota]] is formed by combination of - 50% of shabda tanmatra, 12.5% of sparsha tanmatra, 12.5% of rupa tanmatra, 12.5% of rasa tanmatra and 12.5% of gandha tanmatra.
<li>Addition of properties (kramotpatti<ref>Dr. V.J. Thakar, AyurvediyaMaulik Siddhant, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,1985, P.136.</ref>/ bhutantaraanupravesha<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan 1 verse28 ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.289.</ref>/ ekottarparivriddhi<ref>Dalhan ,NibandhSangrahacommentary on SushrutSamhita,Sharir Sthana,Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p 339.</ref>)<br/>When the gross elements originate from its own tanmatra, the previous element’s tanmatra also plays role in its creation. That means first [[Akasha mahabhuta|akash]] originates from shabdatanmatra. Thereafter, [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu mahabhoota]] originates from sparsha tanmatra along with shabda tanmatra. So [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] shows two qualities [[Shabda|shabda]] and [[Sparsha|sparsha]], and so on/ The properties of each [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]] in sequential formation are shown in table below. </li></ol></div>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table: Sequential formation of mahabhuta, their properties with tanmatra:
! No
! Tanmatra
! [[Pancha mahabhuta|Mahabhuta]]
! [[Guna|Guna]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| [[Shabda|Shabda]]
| [[Akasha mahabhuta|Akash]]
| [[Shabda|Shabda]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| [[Shabda|Shabda]] + [[Sparsha|Sparsha]]
| [[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]]
| [[Shabda|Shabda]], [[Sparsha|Sparsha]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| [[Shabda|Shabda]] + [[Sparsha|Sparsha]] + [[Rupa|Rupa]]
| [[Agni mahabhuta|Agni]]
| [[Shabda|Shabda]], [[Sparsha|Sparsha]], [[Rupa|Rupa]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| [[Shabda|Shabda]] + [[Sparsha|Sparsha]] + [[Rupa|Rupa]] + [[Rasa|Rasa]]
| [[Jala mahabhuta|Jala]]
| [[Shabda|Shabda]], [[Sparsha|Sparsha]], [[Rupa|Rupa]], [[Rasa|Rasa]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| [[Shabda|Shabda]] + [[Sparsha|Sparsha]] + [[Rupa|Rupa]] + [[Rasa|Rasa]] + [[Gandha|Gandha]]
| [[Prithvi mahabhuta|Prithvi]]
| [[Shabda|Shabda]], [[Sparsha|Sparsha]], [[Rupa|Rupa]], [[Rasa|Rasa]], [[Gandha|Gandha]]
|-
|}
=== Vaisheshika theory of creation of [[mahabhuta]] ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Vaisheshika considers paramanu as the subtle element responsible for production of gross elements. As [[Akasha mahabhuta|akash]] is omnipresent, does not exist in the form of paramanu, so in the initial stage the paramanus of 4 elements ([[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]], [[Agni mahabhuta|agni]], [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]], [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]]) are in the balanced state. At surge, they start moving, they combine in specific way, two atoms of same category combine to form a binary molecule (dvyanuka), combination of three dvayanuka forming tryanuka, furthermore combine into grosser molecules of chaturunuka, and so on. The other view is that atoms form diads and triads directly to form molecules of different substances. Atoms possess an incessant vibratory motion. The activity of the atoms and their combinations are not arbitrary but according to laws that are expressed as the adrushta.<ref>Subhash Kak, Indian Physics Outline of Early history, P.14. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.physics/0310001[Accessed on 15 Sept 2022.]</ref></div>
== Contemporary theories ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Many physicists have studied the theories of evolution from Indian philosophies and have shown corelation of it in contemporary science mainly quantum physics.</div>
=== Tanmatra and quantum spins ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>John S. Hagelin, the physicist in his book ‘Is Consciousness the Unified Field? A Field Theorist's Perspective; (Maharishi International University Fairfield, Iowa) states the similarity between quantum mechanical spins and tanmatras. It is stated that ‘A very similar structure is observed within the framework of quantum field theory, where there are also five fundamental categories of quantum field or "spin types" consistent with relativistic causality and renormalizability, which are responsible for the entire material universe. These are the spin-2 graviton (responsible for space-time curvature and the force of gravity), the spin - 3/2 gravitino (appearing only in the context of a supersymmetric field theory), spin-1 force fields, spin -1/ 2 matter fields, and the spin-0 Higgs fields responsible for symmetry breaking.’ <ref>https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.385.1265&rep=rep1&type=pdf [Accessed on 15 sep2022]</ref>.
<br/>There appears to be a striking correspondence between the five tanmatras and these quantum-mechanical spin types: between the space tanmatra and the gravitational field; between the air tanmatra, which stands as a link between space and the other elements, and the gravitino field; between the fire tanmatra, responsible for chemical transformations and the sense of sight, and the spin-1 forces; and between the water and earth tanmatras and the spin-% and spin-0 matter fields, respectively.<ref>ibid</ref></div>
=== Tanmatra, paramanu and wave particle duality ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>In the book ‘Indian Physics outline of early History.’ it is stated that ‘The tanmatras are an abstract potential whereas bhutadi are the elementary atoms which is somewhat like the quantum wavefunction and material particles. Samkhya, where the observer is central, considers tanmatras to emerge first. On the other hand, Vaisheshika. with its focus on atoms and their combinations, does not speak of tanmatras although some of the [[Guna|gunas]] are like the tanmatras. In other words, we have something akin to the concept of wave-particle duality of quantum physics.<ref>Subhash Kak, Indian Physics Outline of Early history, P.30. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.physics/0310001[Accessed on 15 sep2022]</ref></div>
=== Tanmatra and elementary particles ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Modern science supports the proposition that five tanmatra are the progenitors of their visible counterparts by describing basic formative particles (electron, proton and neutron- which could be the tanmatras) combining in different proportions and forming atoms, elements and compounds.<ref>Sanjeev Rastogi, Building bridges between Ayurveda and Modern Science, Indian journal of Ayurveda Research, Jan-March2010, Vol.I, Issue I, p.43.</ref></div>
=== Significance ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The study of tanmatra is important in order to understand our origin, as they are the connectors between subtle ([[Avyakta|avyakta]]) and gross (vyakta). Also, in order to describe the link between the sense organs and the elements, the Sankhya school developed the concept of tanmatra. The properties of elements are specified with particular qualities which share something in common.<ref>R.K Mishra, Before the Beginning and after the Death, New Delhi,2000, P.299.</ref><br/>Tanmatra is an important concept to understand and build base for Ayurved biology.<ref>Exploring Quantum Logic in Ayurveda with special reference to Srotovijnanaof Ayurveda, R.H.Singh Ayu Vol30 No.4 2009</ref></div>
== Application of tanmatra in health and prevention of diseases ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Tanmatras are subtle forms of fundamental elements (sukshma [[mahabhuta]]). The meditation on tanmatra helps a yogi to control the senses and desire. On the same parlance the meditation on tanmatras help to prevent intellectual errors ([[prajnaparadha]]) and improper union of senses with objects (asatmya indriyartha samyoga). Knowledge of subtler form can help to achieve positive health in terms of physical, mental and spiritual aspects. </div>
== Application of tanmatra in clinical practices ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The tanmatra is the basic platform for panchabhautika siddhanta, which is widely used in [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] clinical practices. Some of the applications are as below:
<ol><li>Formation of foetus: Five elements and soul/conscious ([[Atma|atma]]) conjugates to form foetus.[Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/6]</li>
<li>[[Prakriti|Prakriti]] nirmana:Panchabhautiki prakriti is formed. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4]</li>
<li>[[Sharira|Body]] elements and [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhutas]]:
<ol type="I">
<li>[[Shabda|Shabda(sound)]], sense of hearing, porous structures in the body are showing dominance of [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha mahabhuta]]. Touch, skin, pulsations, lightness, and all movements are due to [[vayu mahabhuta]]. Vison, eyes, colour, temperature, digestion ,bravery are due to [[Agni mahabhuta|teja mahabhuta]]. Taste, tongue, coldness, unctuousness, semen and all liquid components of [[Sharira|body]] show dominance of [[Jala mahabhuta]]. Sense of smell, nose, and all solid structures are due to [[prithvi mahabhuta]] dominance. [Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 1/19]</li>
<li>[[Dosha|Dosha]] with specific dominance of [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]]:
* [[Vata dosha|Vata dosha]]: [[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]] + [[Akasha mahabhuta|Akash]]
* [[Pitta dosha|Pitta dosha]]: [[Agni mahabhuta|Teja]]
* [[Kapha|Kapha dosha]]: [[Prithvi mahabhuta|Prithvi]] + [[Jala mahabhuta|Jala]]</li>
<li>Digestive capacity (agni):<br/>
[[Bhutagni|Bhutagni]] which are responsible for metabolism of the diet have dominance of relatedmahabhuta .[ Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 15/13]</li></ol>
</li>
<li>[[Dravya|Dravya]] and [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]]:
<ol type="I"><li>Among six [[Rasa|rasa]] (taste), each [[Rasa|rasa]] is associated with 2 [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]]. [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana10/1]
<ul style="list-style-type:circle;">
<li>[[Madhura|Sweet/Madhura]]: [[Prithvi mahabhuta|Prithvi]] + [[Jala mahabhuta|Jala]]</li>
<li>[[Amla|Sour/Amla]] - [[Agni mahabhuta|Teja]] + [[Prithvi mahabhuta|Prithvi]]</li>
<li>[[Lavana|Salty/Lavan]] - [[Jala mahabhuta|Jala]] + [[Agni mahabhuta|Teja]]</li>
<li>[[Tikta|Bitter/Tikta]] - [[Akasha mahabhuta|Akash]] + [[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]]</li>
<li>[[Katu|Pungent/Katu]] - [[Agni mahabhuta|Agni]] + [[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]]</li>
<li>Astringent - [[Prithvi mahabhuta|Prithvi]] + [[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]]</li></ul></li>
<li>[[Ahara|Ahara]], the foodis also panchabhautika. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/ 526]</li>
<li>All [[Dravya|dravya]] are panchabhautika [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana9/5-10]</li>
<li>Shodhanadravya(drugs used for elimination of [[Dosha|dosha]]) have predominance of specific [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]]. The drugs useful for [[Vamana|vamana]](therapeutic emesis) have dominance of [[Agni mahabhuta|agni]] and [[vayu mahabhuta]]. [[Virechana|Virechana]]( therapeutic purgation) [[Dravya|dravya]] have dominance of [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]] and [[jala mahabhuta]]. [Cha. Sa. KalpaSthana1/5]</li></ol>
</li></ol>
Thus, as the [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] are key elements of [[Purusha|purusha]] and [[Prakriti|prakriti]], their subtle forms, tanmatra play important role in designing the fundamental constitution.</div>
== Future scope of research ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The relationship of tanmatra with elements in modern physics needs to be investigated for better understanding.</div>
==Related chapters==
*[[Panchamahabhuta]]
*[[Akasha mahabhuta]]
*[[Vayu mahabhuta]]
*[[Agni mahabhuta]]
*[[Jala mahabhuta]]
*[[Prithvi mahabhuta]]
*[[Indriya]]
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== References ==
== References ==