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Tamas means darkness, illusion, ignorance, inertia, inactivity, dullness etc.  It is one of the three fundamental qualities along with sattva and rajas. Tamas has two significant characters i.e. resistance and heaviness. These are responsible for restraining or controlling  thoughts. It induces lethargy, fatigue, sleep etc. As per Bhagavad Gita, tamas is responsible for ignorance and sleep. It is the leading cause of darkness in the mind, negligence & delusion, illusion & hallucinations.<ref name="ref1">Mrunalini R. Patel, BSc. Applying the knowledge of ayurveda to appraise the US nutritional paradigm. California College of Ayurveda. 2010 Nov 24.</ref>The excessive lazy and sleepy person has a tamas dominant psychic constitution (Tamasika manas prakriti). [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/36] This article describes the concept and applications of tamas.

Tamas means darkness, illusion, ignorance, inertia, inactivity, dullness etc.  It is one of the three fundamental qualities along with [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Rajas|rajas]]. Tamas has two significant characters i.e. resistance and heaviness. These are responsible for restraining or controlling  thoughts. It induces lethargy, fatigue, sleep etc. As per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita Bhagavad Gita], tamas is responsible for ignorance and sleep. It is the leading cause of darkness in the [[Manas|mind]], negligence & delusion, illusion & hallucinations.<ref name="ref1">Mrunalini R. Patel, BSc. Applying the knowledge of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] to appraise the US nutritional paradigm. California College of Ayurveda. 2010 Nov 24.</ref>The excessive lazy and sleepy person has a tamas dominant psychic constitution ([[Tamas|Tamasika]] [[Manas|manas]] [[Prakriti|prakriti]]). [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/36] This article describes the concept and applications of tamas.

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=== Classical interpretations ===

=== Classical interpretations ===

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Sattva, rajas, and tamas are connected with three doshas (Vata, pitta, kapha)  [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/23]  

[[Sattva|Sattva]], [[Rajas|rajas]], and tamas are connected with three [[Dosha|doshas]] ([[Vata dosha|Vata]], [[Pitta dosha|pitta]], [[Kapha|kapha]])  [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/23]  

Therefore, all neurophysiological functions of the body are coordinated by them.

Therefore, all neurophysiological functions of the body are coordinated by them.

Tamas has been described in the context of three types of mental strengths (trividha sattva), psychological constitutions (prakriti), & psychological characteristics (manasaguna). [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/36]

Tamas has been described in the context of three types of mental strengths (trividha sattva), psychological constitutions ([[Prakriti|prakriti]]), & psychological characteristics (manasaguna). [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/36]

* It is mentioned in the context of three fundamental universal qualities (mahaguna) [As Sa, sutra sthana 1/41].

* It is mentioned in the context of three fundamental universal qualities (mahaguna) [As Sa, sutra sthana 1/41].

* Tama is described under mahaprakriti  [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/97] & twelve pranas. [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/3]

* Tama is described under mahaprakriti  [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/97] & twelve pranas. [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/3]

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'''Properties of tamas:''' Pungent (katu) & astringent (kashaya) [As. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/91]

'''Properties of tamas:''' [[Katu|Pungent (katu)]] & [[Kashaya|astringent (kashaya)]] [As. Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/91]

a]. It increases the desire for pleasure (kamavardhaka), reduces fatigue in the body and mind (klamahara), responsible for darkness. It leads to confusion (mohajanak), hallucination (drikabhramaka), heaviness (guru), and forgetfulness (avaraka). [Bhava Prakash Nighantu 1: 4: 273]

a]. It increases the desire for pleasure (kamavardhaka), reduces fatigue in the [[Sharira|body]] and [[Manas|mind]] (klamahara), responsible for darkness. It leads to confusion (mohajanak), hallucination (drikabhramaka), heaviness (guru), and forgetfulness (avaraka). [Bhava Prakash Nighantu 1: 4: 273]

=== Characteristics of tamasika person ===

=== Characteristics of tamasika person ===

Overthinker or depressed (vishada), atheist (naastika), does not follow proper rules & regulations (adharmasheela), lethargy (akarmasheela), fond of excessive sleep (nidaralu), senseless (durmedhastvam). [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/18]

Overthinker or depressed (vishada), atheist (naastika), does not follow proper rules & regulations (adharmasheela), lethargy (akarmasheela), fond of excessive [[Nidra|sleep (nidaralu)]], senseless (durmedhastvam). [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/18]

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During the evolutionary process, the five basic elements are created by the combination of triguna.12) [Su Sa ShariraSthana 1/3-4]  

During the evolutionary process, the five basic elements are created by the combination of triguna.12) [Su Sa ShariraSthana 1/3-4]  

The earth element (prithvimahabhuta) is created by tamas. [SuSa. ShariraSthana 1/20]. Sattva entity is cause for reflection of a person's purity, essence, and intelligence. Rajas is responsible for all the movements of body or mind. Tamas is responsible for the equilibrium of the quality of sattva and rajas. <ref name="ref3">Satva, rajas, tamas as per ayurveda by  Raghuram Y.S (Md ayu), Dr Manasa (bams) available on  //www.easyayurveda.com/2019/01/15/tridosha-satva-rajas-tamas</ref>

The [[Prithvi mahabhuta|earth element (prithvimahabhuta)]] is created by tamas. [SuSa. ShariraSthana 1/20]. [[Sattva|Sattva]] entity is cause for reflection of a person's purity, essence, and intelligence. [[Rajas|Rajas]] is responsible for all the movements of [[Sharira|body]] or [[Manas|mind]]. Tamas is responsible for the equilibrium of the quality of [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Rajas|rajas]]. <ref name="ref3">Satva, rajas, tamas as per ayurveda by  Raghuram Y.S (Md ayu), Dr Manasa (bams) available on  //www.easyayurveda.com/2019/01/15/tridosha-satva-rajas-tamas</ref>

Kapha dosha is made up of water (jala), earth (prithvi).[As. sa. Sutra Stana20/3] Kapha dosha maintains the equilibrium of vata and pitta dosha and also reduces adverse effects of vata& pitta dosha. Rajas is connected with vata dosha, sattva with pitta dosha, and tamas with kapha dosha as per similarity in creation and functions.<ref name="ref3" /> he diet and regimen that increases physical entities also enhance psychological entities.

[[Kapha|Kapha dosha]] is made up of [[Jala mahabhuta|water (jala)]], [[Prithvi mahabhuta|earth (prithvi)]].[As. sa. Sutra Stana20/3] [[Kapha|Kapha dosha]] maintains the equilibrium of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]] and also reduces adverse effects of [[Vata dosha|vata]] & [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]]. Rajas is connected with [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]], sattva with [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]], and tamas with [[Kapha|kapha dosha]] as per similarity in creation and functions.<ref name="ref3" /> he diet and regimen that increases physical entities also enhance psychological entities.

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== Diet and regimen that increases the quality of tamas ==

== Diet and regimen that increases the quality of tamas ==

<div style='text-align:justify;'>The food that makes the mind sluggish and promotes diseases increases tamas.  

<div style='text-align:justify;'>The food that makes the mind sluggish and promotes [[Vyadhi|diseases]] increases tamas.  

As per Bhagavad Gita, tamasika food requires a lot of energy and time to digest. It has a grounding effect, usually creating passivity and reducing body and mind activity. Characters of the food liked by tamasika person are as follow:

As per Bhagavad Gita, tamasika food requires a lot of energy and time to digest. It has a grounding effect, usually creating passivity and reducing [[Sharira|body]] and [[Manas|mind]] activity. Characters of the food liked by tamasika person are as follow:

<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Yatayamam: <span style="font-weight:normal">The food which has passed a three and half hours time (one yama) after its preparation.</span></li>

<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Yatayamam: <span style="font-weight:normal">The food which has passed a three and half hours time (one yama) after its preparation.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Gatarasa (tasteless): <span style="font-weight:normal">The food which has lost its original taste and quality because of over or under-cooking, without adding all ingredients that are required for preparation.</span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Gatarasa (tasteless): <span style="font-weight:normal">The food which has lost its original taste and quality because of over or under-cooking, without adding all ingredients that are required for preparation.</span></li>