Changes

=== Assessment of food ingestion capacity (ahara shakti) ===

=== Assessment of food ingestion capacity (ahara shakti) ===

The food ingestion capacity (aahara shakti) of a person is assessed on two parameters:  

The food ingestion capacity (aahara shakti) of a person is assessed on two parameters:  

==== Proper quantity of food ====

==== Proper quantity of food ====

If a person has taken excellent quality food as per the eight specific dietary factors (ashta aahara vidhi vishesha ayatana) and followed all the rules while taking food ([[aahara vidhi]] vidhana), then the food is digested in due time without disturbing the equilibrium of [[dosha]] ([[prakriti]]), and that amount of food is termed as the "proper quantity of food for that person".  

If a person has taken excellent quality food as per the eight specific dietary factors (ashta aahara vidhi vishesha ayatana) and followed all the rules while taking food ([[aahara vidhi]] vidhana), then the food is digested in due time without disturbing the equilibrium of [[dosha]] ([[prakriti]]), and that amount of food is termed as the "proper quantity of food for that person".

 

The extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing quantity of food are shown in fig.1 and fig.2 respectively.

==== Role of satiety and three parts of ingestion capacity ====

==== Role of satiety and three parts of ingestion capacity ====

Due to impairment of [[agni]], the ingested food will not be digested properly and this undigested food material is termed as [[ama]] anna. This [[ama]], which is inert (alasaka), is to be expelled out by means of emesis with use of lukewarm saline water. If it is not achieved properly, use of strong emetics like Madanphala (randia dumetorum)), Pippali (Piper longum), Nagadanti (Croton oblongifolius Roxb) and paste of Siddharthaka (Brassica campestris Linn.) is advised. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 11/17]  

Due to impairment of [[agni]], the ingested food will not be digested properly and this undigested food material is termed as [[ama]] anna. This [[ama]], which is inert (alasaka), is to be expelled out by means of emesis with use of lukewarm saline water. If it is not achieved properly, use of strong emetics like Madanphala (randia dumetorum)), Pippali (Piper longum), Nagadanti (Croton oblongifolius Roxb) and paste of Siddharthaka (Brassica campestris Linn.) is advised. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 11/17]  

==== Anla suppositories ====

==== Anal suppositories ====

After emesis to expel the feces and flatus and to restore the downward movement of apana vayu rectal suppository plays significant role. [[Swedana]] (sudation therapy) is effective to remove obstruction and to pacify [[vata dosha]].  

After emesis, anal suppository play significant role to expel the feces and flatus and to restore the downward movement of apana vayu. [[Swedana]] (sudation therapy) is effective to remove obstruction and to pacify [[vata dosha]].

==== Stimulation of digestion ====

==== Stimulation of digestion ====

==== Insufficient/deficient quantity of food ====

==== Insufficient/deficient quantity of food ====

   

   

Less quantity of food need be consider under two viewpoints: Total quantity of a meal (Sarvagraha matra)) and quantity of each food item of a meal (Parigraha matra). While serving different food articles in a meal (which is termed as parigraha matra) one must ascertain inclusion of all the six rasas (tastes) in required proportion. Nutritional requirement of body tissues will be fulfilled by inclusion of all the six rasas (tastes) in desired proportion (Principle of Shadrasa).  Biomedical fundamentals of nutrition, macronutrients and micronutrients need to be studied in correlation with Six Rasa principle to offer better nutritional solutions to the society.

Less quantity of food need be consider under two viewpoints: Total quantity of a meal (sarvagraha matra)) and quantity of each food item of a meal (parigraha matra). While serving different food articles in a meal (which is termed as parigraha matra) one must ascertain inclusion of all the six [[rasa]] (tastes) in required proportion.[Fig.3] Nutritional requirement of body tissues will be fulfilled by inclusion of all the six [[rasa]] (tastes) in desired proportion (Principle of shad rasa).  Biomedical fundamentals of nutrition, macronutrients and micronutrients need to be studied in correlation with Six Rasa principle to offer better nutritional solutions to the society.

[[File:VM_Pic.PNG|400px|'''Image 2:''' '''Food deficiency'''|thumb]]

[[File:VM_Pic.PNG|400px|'''Fig.3: Deficiency of food'''|thumb]]

Malnutrition generally implies undernutrition but also includes other deviations like energy undernutrition and over-nutrition. Malnutrition starts due to deficiencies of specific nutrients or from diets based on inadequate and or inappropriate combinations or proportions of foods. Undernutrition is caused primarily due to an inadequate intake of dietary energy. The impact of a deficient diet on an individual is mainly depending on age factor. Age reflects the condition of body tissues. Body tissues (dhatu) attain different stages form immature growing state of childhood, to the attainment of all the qualities and strength of body tissues in young age, which further slowly enters the state of depletion in old age. Nutritional requirement of body tissues differs according to age. Considering the age of a person, consequences arise due to inadequate diet is discussed under two categories- a) Childhood age  b) Adult age.

Malnutrition generally implies undernutrition but also includes other deviations like energy undernutrition and over-nutrition. Malnutrition starts due to deficiencies of specific nutrients or from diets based on inadequate and or inappropriate combinations or proportions of foods. Undernutrition is caused primarily due to an inadequate intake of dietary energy. The impact of a deficient diet on an individual is mainly depending on age factor. Age reflects the condition of body tissues. Body tissues ([[dhatu]]) attain different stages form immature growing state of childhood, to the attainment of all the qualities and strength of body tissues in young age, which further slowly enters the state of depletion in old age. Nutritional requirement of body tissues differs according to age. Considering the age of a person, consequences arise due to inadequate diet is discussed under two categories- a) Childhood age  b) Adult age.

World health organization explains the malnutrition phenomenon of childhood age under four categories: Stunting, Wasting and overweight and underweight.<ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2012 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. United Nations Children’s Fund; 2012. www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates</ref> <ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2018 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. United Nations Children’s Fund; 2018. www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates</ref>

World health organization explains the malnutrition phenomenon of childhood age under four categories: Stunting, Wasting and overweight and underweight.<ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2012 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. United Nations Children’s Fund; 2012. www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates</ref> <ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2018 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. United Nations Children’s Fund; 2018. www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates</ref>

    

    

1.'''Stunting''' (height-for-age below –2 SD) refers to a child who is too short for his or her age. It is the devastating result of poor nutrition during early childhood. These children fell to attain complete possible height. It also hampers cognitive development.

'''1.Stunting''' (height-for-age below –2 SD) refers to a child who is too short for his or her age. It is the devastating result of poor nutrition during early childhood. These children fell to attain complete possible height. It also hampers cognitive development.

2.'''Wasting''' (weight-for-height below –2SD) refers to a too thin child for his or her height. It results due to poor nutrient intake. Children suffering from wasting have weakened immunity, suffers long term developmental delay.

'''2.Wasting''' (weight-for-height below –2SD) refers to a too thin child for his or her height. It results due to poor nutrient intake. Children suffering from wasting have weakened immunity, suffers long term developmental delay.

3.'''Childhood overweight''' (weight-for-height above +2SD )and obesity are considered an emerging face of malnutrition, resulting in unhealthy, processed food. In later life this increases the risk for diet related non communicable diseases.

'''3.Childhood overweight''' (weight-for-height above +2SD )and obesity are considered an emerging face of malnutrition, resulting in unhealthy, processed food. In later life this increases the risk for diet related non communicable diseases.

4.'''Underweight'''- (refers weight-for-age below –2SD)  

'''4.Underweight''' (refers weight-for-age below –2SD)  

===== Determinants of under nutrition =====   

===== Determinants of under nutrition =====   

=== Research theses done (M.D./Ph.D. works) ===

=== Research theses done (M.D./Ph.D. works) ===

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1.Badeka B.P.(1964 ) : Aam vivechan. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Badeka B.P.(1964 ) : Aam vivechan. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

2.Singh A. K. (1986) : Ama Vivecana. National Institute of Ayurveda,Jaipur.

#Singh A. K. (1986) : Ama Vivecana. National Institute of Ayurveda,Jaipur.

3.Ramesh Babu D (1989) : A critical study of Āma and its possible biological correlation with reference to the effect of Pancakola Kashaya in their management. Faculty of Ayurveda, I.M.S.,B.H.U., Varanasi.

#Ramesh Babu D (1989) : A critical study of Āma and its possible biological correlation with reference to the effect of Pancakola Kashaya in their management. Faculty of Ayurveda, I.M.S.,B.H.U., Varanasi.

4.Smart Rachana (1996) :  A .Concept of Dhatugata Āma and principles of management. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Smart Rachana (1996) :  A .Concept of Dhatugata Āma and principles of management. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

5.Bishnupriya Mohanty( 2001): Concept of Manobhighatakara Bhavas on Āma Utpatti particular to Madhumeha (DM). Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Bishnupriya Mohanty( 2001): Concept of Manobhighatakara Bhavas on Āma Utpatti particular to Madhumeha (DM). Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

6.Gaurav sharma (2001) : Ama-Free radical-Amavaat. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Gaurav sharma (2001) : Ama-Free radical-Amavaat. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

7.Smita Choradiya(2002) : Aharvidhi vidhaan-Annavah and purishvah srotas-Tanmana bhunjit.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Smita Choradiya(2002) : Aharvidhi vidhaan-Annavah and purishvah srotas-Tanmana bhunjit.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

8.Anuradha Aggrawaal(2004) :Aharmatara atur bala.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Anuradha Aggrawaal(2004) :Aharmatara atur bala.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

9.Mihir Vaja(2005) : Trividhakukshiya viman-Amotpatti. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Mihir Vaja(2005) : Trividhakukshiya viman-Amotpatti. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

10.Manish Dhanani(2005) : Kale cha arabhate karma yat tat sadhyayati dhruvam in the context of Jatharagnimandya,Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Manish Dhanani(2005) : Kale cha arabhate karma yat tat sadhyayati dhruvam in the context of Jatharagnimandya,Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

11.Rohit Dangayaych(2008) : Ahar in relation to Matra,desh,Kala and effect on health.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Rohit Dangayaych(2008) : Ahar in relation to Matra,desh,Kala and effect on health.  Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

12.Sangita More(2009) : Bhashaj chatuskaw.s.r.to Agnideepan. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

#Sangita More(2009) : Bhashaj chatuskaw.s.r.to Agnideepan. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

13.Kishor G.satani.(2011) : An applied study of interrelationship of jatharagni and dhatvagni in context to dhatuvriddhi. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar .  

#Kishor G.satani.(2011) : An applied study of interrelationship of jatharagni and dhatvagni in context to dhatuvriddhi. Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar .  

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