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→Case reports
*Site of origin: amashaya (stomach)
*Site of origin: amashaya (stomach)
*Site of manifestation/clinical presentation: Throat (kantha) and chest (uras)
*Site of manifestation/clinical presentation: Throat (kantha) and chest (uras)
*Type of pathogenesis: Obstruction (sanga), Movement of [[dosha]] in the wrong direction (vimargagamana)[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/6-8]
*Type of pathogenesis: Obstruction (sanga), Movement of [[dosha]] in the wrong direction (vimargagamana)[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/6-8]
==Clinical examination==
==Clinical examination==
*Unctuous therapies ([[snehana]])
*Unctuous therapies ([[snehana]])
*Dietary supplements like gruels, milk, meat etc. processed with [[vata]] alleviating medicines can be used. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/32-33]
*Dietary supplements like gruels, milk, meat etc. processed with [[vata]] alleviating medicines can be used. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/32-33]
*Therapeutic enema ([[basti]]) [ref ??]
*Therapeutic enema ([[basti]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/32]
*In association [[kapha]] or [[pitta]], [[dosha]]-specific measures shall be used. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/132] When [[vata]] dominant kasa is associated with [[pitta]], medicated ghee and milk after food is indicated. [A.Hr.Chikitsa Sthana 3/2]<ref name= Hridaya > Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref>
*In association [[kapha]] or [[pitta]], [[dosha]]-specific measures shall be used. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/132] When [[vata]] dominant kasa is associated with [[pitta]], medicated ghee and milk after food is indicated. [A.Hr.Chikitsa Sthana 3/2]<ref name= Hridaya > Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref>
====[[Pitta]] predominance====
====[[Pitta]] predominance====
*Therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]]) [??]
*Therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/85]
*Other purification therapies as per quantity of [[dosha]]
*Other purification therapies as per quantity of [[dosha]]
*Unctuous electuaries [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/86]
*Unctuous electuaries [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/86]
====[[Kapha]] predominance====
====[[Kapha]] predominance====
*Therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]) [??]
*Therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/108]
*Dry and light to digest foods
*Dry and light to digest foods
*The oil exuding out from burning log of Cedrus deodara (devadaru) is used in treatment. It is mixed with powders of Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale (trikatu), and ash of Hordeum vulgare (yavakshara) as a first line of treatment. [A.Hr.Chikitsa Sthana 3/41]<ref name=Hridaya/>
*The oil exuding out from burning log of Cedrus deodara (devadaru) is used in treatment. It is mixed with powders of Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale (trikatu), and ash of Hordeum vulgare (yavakshara) as a first line of treatment. [A.Hr.Chikitsa Sthana 3/41]<ref name=Hridaya/>
*Medicated smoke/fumigation (dhuma): It is indicated in case of headache and coryza associated with [[vata]] and [[kapha]][[dosha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/65-68]
*Medicated smoke/fumigation (dhuma): It is indicated in case of headache and coryza associated with [[vata]] and [[kapha]][[dosha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/65-68]
*Therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]): In [[pitta]] dominant kasa associated with [[kapha]][[dosha]], therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]) is advised with decoction (kashaya) prepared out of Catunaregam spinosa (madana), Gmelina arborea (kashmari), Glycyrrhiza glabra (madhuka) etc. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/83] In [[kapha]] dominant kasa and strong person, therapeutic emesis shall be done first. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/108]
*Therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]): In [[pitta]] dominant kasa associated with [[kapha]][[dosha]], therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]) is advised with decoction (kashaya) prepared out of Catunaregam spinosa (madana), Gmelina arborea (kashmari), Glycyrrhiza glabra (madhuka) etc. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/83] In [[kapha]] dominant kasa and strong person, therapeutic emesis shall be done first. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/108]
*Intra nasal drug administration ([[nasya]]): If bleeding is present in kasa (as a result of trauma), trinapanchamula ghee is used for [[nasya]]. It is prepared from milk processed with herbs of trinapanchamoola (combination of Desmostachyabi pinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Phragmites karka, Imperata cylindrical, Saccharum officinarum etc.). [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/142] In [[kapha]] dominant kasa, nasal instillation with medicines having purificatory properties (shirovirechana nasya) is advised. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/28]
*Intra nasal drug administration ([[nasya]]): If bleeding is present in kasa (as a result of trauma), trinapanchamula ghee is used for [[nasya]]. It is prepared from milk processed with herbs of trinapanchamoola (combination of Desmostachyabi pinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Phragmites karka, Imperata cylindrical, Saccharum officinarum etc.). [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/142] In [[kapha]] dominant kasa, nasal instillation with medicines having purificatory properties (shirovirechana nasya) is advised. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/28]<ref name=Susruta/>
*Decoction enema (niruha [[basti]]): Therapeutic enema with decoction is indicated [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/27]<ref name=Susruta/> in vata dominant [[kasa]] with constipation and flatulence. [A.Hr. Chikitsa Sthana 3/2]<ref name=Hridaya/>
*Decoction enema (niruha [[basti]]): Therapeutic enema with decoction is indicated [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/27]<ref name=Susruta/> in [[vata]] dominant kasa with constipation and flatulence. [A.Hr. Chikitsa Sthana 3/2]<ref name=Hridaya/>
*Medicated unctuous enema (anuvasana [[basti]]): Medicated unctuous enema (anuvasana) is advised if pain and swelling in loin, groin, anus or penile region are present in kasa (due to depletion of body tissue) patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/155]. It is indicated in [[vata]] dominant kasa. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/27]
*Medicated unctuous enema (anuvasana [[basti]]): Medicated unctuous enema (anuvasana) is advised if pain and swelling in loin, groin, anus or penile region are present in kasa (due to depletion of body tissue) patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/155]. It is indicated in [[vata]] dominant kasa. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 52/27]<ref name=Susruta/>
===Medicines used in current practice===
===Medicines used in current practice===
==Contemporary views==
==Contemporary views==
===case reports===
===Case reports===
'''Solanum xanthocarpum'''
'''Solanum xanthocarpum'''
In another study conducted on 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), administration of Bhrigarajasava along with the standard treatment was found effective in reducing the cough. The cough progressively diminished and became occasional and non-productive within 15 days of treatment.<ref>Dornala SN, Dornala SS. Clinical efficacy of Bhringarajasava as Naimittika Rasayana in Rajayakshma with special reference to pulmonary tuberculosis. Ayu. 2012 Oct;33(4):523-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.110536. PMID: 23723670; PMCID: PMC3665204.</ref>
In another study conducted on 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), administration of Bhrigarajasava along with the standard treatment was found effective in reducing the cough. The cough progressively diminished and became occasional and non-productive within 15 days of treatment.<ref>Dornala SN, Dornala SS. Clinical efficacy of Bhringarajasava as Naimittika Rasayana in Rajayakshma with special reference to pulmonary tuberculosis. Ayu. 2012 Oct;33(4):523-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.110536. PMID: 23723670; PMCID: PMC3665204.</ref>
'''Vyaghri-haritakiavaleha in chronic bronchitis'''
'''Vyaghri-haritaki avaleha in chronic bronchitis'''
A study on 66 patients with chronic bronchitis reported that Vyaghri-haritaki avaleha effectively reduced the productive cough, which is the cardinal feature of chronic bronchitis.<ref>Ram J, Baghel MS. Clinical efficacy of Vyaghriharitaki Avaleha in the management of chronic bronchitis. Ayu. 2015 Jan-Mar;36(1):50-5. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.169009. PMID: 26730139; PMCID: PMC4687240.</ref>
A study on 66 patients with chronic bronchitis reported that Vyaghri-haritaki avaleha effectively reduced the productive cough, which is the cardinal feature of chronic bronchitis.<ref>Ram J, Baghel MS. Clinical efficacy of Vyaghriharitaki Avaleha in the management of chronic bronchitis. Ayu. 2015 Jan-Mar;36(1):50-5. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.169009. PMID: 26730139; PMCID: PMC4687240.</ref>