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!Pattern of inheritance !! Description !! Example
 
!Pattern of inheritance !! Description !! Example
 
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|X-linked dominant || •By mutations in genes on the  X chromosome,
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|X-linked dominant || *By mutations in genes on the  X chromosome,
In females, a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
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* In females, a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
   −
In males, a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder.
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* In males, a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder.
   −
In most cases, males experience more severe symptoms of the disorder than females. || fragile X syndrome
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* In most cases, males experience more severe symptoms of the disorder than females. || fragile X syndrome
 
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|X-linked recessive || Caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome.
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|X-linked recessive ||* Caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome.
   −
A mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder in females.
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* A mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder in females.
   −
In males, one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition.
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* In males, one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition.
   −
Males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females. ||hemophilia, Fabry disease
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* Males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females.  
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|| hemophilia, Fabry disease
 
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| Y-linked || Caused by mutations in genes on the Y chromosome.
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| Y-linked || * Caused by mutations in genes on the Y chromosome.
   −
So, the mutation can only be passed from father to son. || Y chromosome infertility, some cases of Swyer syndrome
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* So, the mutation can only be passed from father to son.
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|| Y chromosome infertility, some cases of Swyer syndrome
 
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|Autosomal dominant || One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected.
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|Autosomal dominant || * One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected.
   −
An affected person can inherit the condition from an affected parent.  
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* An affected person can inherit the condition from an affected parent.  
   −
the condition may result from a new mutation in the gene (e, without any family history)  
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* the condition may result from a new mutation in the gene (e, without any family history)  
    
|| Huntington disease, Marfan syndrome
 
|| Huntington disease, Marfan syndrome
 
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|Autosomal recessive || Both copies of the gene in each cell should have mutations.
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|Autosomal recessive || * Both copies of the gene in each cell should have mutations.
   −
Typically not seen in every generation of an affected family.
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* Typically not seen in every generation of an affected family.
 
|| cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease
 
|| cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease
 
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|Codominant || Two different versions (alleles) of a gene are expressed.
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|Codominant || * Two different versions (alleles) of a gene are expressed.
   −
Both alleles influence the genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition.|| ABO blood group, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
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* Both alleles influence the genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition.
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|| ABO blood group, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
 
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| Mitochondrial || Also known as maternal inheritance
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| Mitochondrial || * Also known as maternal inheritance
   −
Applies to the genes in mitochondrial DNA
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* Applies to the genes in mitochondrial DNA
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Only females can pass on mitochondrial mutations to their children as only egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
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* Only females can pass on mitochondrial mutations to their children as only egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo.
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||Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
 
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|}
  
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