Changes

==III. Barrier methods==

==III. Barrier methods==

Some methods to make the reproductive tract rough and dry, in order to prevent conception are mentioned in Atharva veda.  This may cause alterations in the normal pH, or nature of cervical mucus to prevent the entry of sperms, or altering the receptivity of endometrium to prevent the implantation of zygote. This may be considered as vaginal barrier method.

Some methods to make the reproductive tract rough and dry, in order to prevent conception are mentioned in Atharva veda.<ref>Atharvaveda VI-37/3, part 2,Vishveshwaranad vedic institute, Hoshiapur, edition 1, 1961.</ref> This may cause alterations in the normal pH, or nature of cervical mucus to prevent the entry of sperms, or altering the receptivity of endometrium to prevent the implantation of zygote.<ref>Tewari PV, Chaturvedi C. Method of population control in ayurvedic classics. Anc Sci Life. 1981;1(2):72-79.</ref> This may be considered as vaginal barrier method.

'''Table 2: Local contraceptives in Ayurveda'''

'''Table 2: Local contraceptives in Ayurveda'''

!Drugs!!Mode of administration

!Drugs!!Mode of administration

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|Powdered seeds of Butea monosperma(palasha) along with honey . ||Applied as vaginal paste during fertile period(ritukala)

|Powdered seeds of Butea monosperma(palasha) along with honey.<ref>Shodhala, Gadanigraha, pradara chikitsa, verse 60, In: Gadanigraha, part 3,  Hindi translation by Indradeva Tripathi, 3rd edition,Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan,1999, page no:456 </ref> ||Applied as vaginal paste during fertile period(ritukala)

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|Piece of rock salt + oil || Vaginal insertion before coitus.

|Piece of rock salt + oil<ref>Yogaratnakara, Yoniroga Chikitsa, verse 51 In: Yogaratnakara with Vidyaprabha Hindi commentary, Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Dr. Daya Shankar Tripathi editors,3rd ed, Varanasi:Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2011 Pg no:813</ref> || Vaginal insertion before coitus.

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|Wood of Azadiracta indica(nimba)|| Vaginal fumigation before coitus/ during fertile period.

|Wood of Azadiracta indica(nimba)<ref>Yogaratnakara, Yoniroga Chikitsa, verse 53 In: Yogaratnakara with Vidyaprabha Hindi commentary, Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Dr. Daya Shankar Tripathi editors,3rd ed, Varanasi:Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2011 Pg no:813</ref>|| Vaginal fumigation before coitus/ during fertile period.

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|Powdered root of Datura metel(dhattutra)||Vaginal filling before coitus.

|Powdered root of Datura metel(dhattutra)<ref>Yogaratnakara, Yoniroga Chikitsa, verse 53 In: Yogaratnakara with Vidyaprabha Hindi commentary, Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Dr. Daya Shankar Tripathi editors,3rd ed, Varanasi:Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2011</ref>||Vaginal filling before coitus.

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|Root of Datura metel(dhattutra) collected on 14th day(dark night) of lunar month ||Tie in waste before coitus.  

|Root of Datura metel(dhattutra) collected on 14th day(dark night) of lunar month<ref>Shodhala, Gadanigraha, pradara chikitsa, verse 60, In: Gadanigraha, part 3,  Hindi translation by Indradeva Tripathi, 3rd edition,Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan,1999, page no:456 </ref>||Tie in waste before coitus.  

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In current practices, male condoms and vaginal diaphragms are used in barrier methods.

In current practices, male condoms and vaginal diaphragms are used in barrier methods.

 

==IV. Intra uterine contraceptive devices==

==IV. Intra uterine contraceptive devices==

In females, causing obstruction to vessels of the reproductive tract (yoni) using a special type of stone is mentioned for inducing sterility.  This may be considered as a primitive form of intra uterine contraceptive devices. Now a days, Intra Uterine Device (IUD) is inserted into uterine cavity and left for contraception. These are made from polypropylene impregnated with barium sulphate.  

In females, causing obstruction to vessels of the reproductive tract (yoni) using a special type of stone is mentioned for inducing sterility.  This may be considered as a primitive form of intra uterine contraceptive devices. Now a days, Intra Uterine Device (IUD) is inserted into uterine cavity and left for contraception. These are made from polypropylene impregnated with barium sulphate.