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==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

The word ‘garbha’ is derived from Sanskrit root “gru” by adding the suffix “bhan”.It means a fetus or embryo,a child,the belly,a hole, and hollow.  

The word ‘garbha’ is derived from Sanskrit root “gru” by adding the suffix “bhan”.It means a fetus or embryo,a child,the belly,a hole, and hollow.<ref>Jha Srujan. Amarkosha online application.</ref>

It is synonymous to womb. Its root is also traced in ‘grabha’, which means to conceive, having in the interior, containing, filled with, inner apartment, sleeping room, interior chamber, adytum, sanctuary of a temple, and the inside, middle, or interior of anything.  

It is synonymous to womb. Its root is also traced in ‘grabha’, which means to conceive, having in the interior, containing, filled with, inner apartment, sleeping room, interior chamber, adytum, sanctuary of a temple, and the inside, middle, or interior of anything.<ref>Available from https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/garbha cited on 21/12/2020 </ref>

   

   

==Definition==

==Definition==

Garbha (embryo) is formed by union of sperm (shukra), ovum (shonita) and soul/conscious (jeeva or atma) in the womb (kukshi).[SAT-B.376] [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/5]  

Garbha (embryo) is formed by union of sperm (shukra), ovum (shonita) and soul/conscious (jeeva or atma) in the womb (kukshi).[SAT-B.376]<ref>Available from http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref> [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/5]  

Apart from the mere combination of sperm and ovum, the role of soul and the influence of subtle elements of evolution (prakriti and vikara) are important in development of embryo. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/3]

Apart from the mere combination of sperm and ovum, the role of soul and the influence of subtle elements of evolution (prakriti and vikara) are important in development of embryo. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/3]

The development in prenatal life can be divided into two phases:  

The development in prenatal life can be divided into two phases:  

1. '''Embryonic development:''' The first eight weeks (weeks 1 - 8) after fertilization is the embryonic period. It is also considered the organogenic period, when most organs within the embryo have begun to form.  

1. '''Embryonic development:''' The first eight weeks (weeks 1 - 8) after fertilization is the embryonic period. It is also considered the organogenic period, when most organs within the embryo have begun to form.<ref>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Embryonic_Development</ref>

2. '''Fetal development''': The prenatal period of 9 weeks to 37 weeks is fetal period. It is a time of extensive growth in size and mass as well as ongoing differentiation of organ systems. Clinically this period is generally described as the second trimester and third trimester.  

2. '''Fetal development''': The prenatal period of 9 weeks to 37 weeks is fetal period. It is a time of extensive growth in size and mass as well as ongoing differentiation of organ systems. Clinically this period is generally described as the second trimester and third trimester.<ref>https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fetal_Development</ref>

== Essential factors for conception (garbha sambhava samagri)==

== Essential factors for conception (garbha sambhava samagri)==

===Contemporary methods of conception ===

===Contemporary methods of conception ===

With the advances in medical field, scientists have developed various techniques for artificial conception without sexual intercourse. It includes methods of artificial insemination like  Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and fallopian tube sperm perfusion.  

With the advances in medical field, scientists have developed various techniques for artificial conception without sexual intercourse. It includes methods of artificial insemination like  Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and fallopian tube sperm perfusion.<ref>D.C Dutta,D.C Dutta’s text book of Gynaecology, edited by HiralalKonar,Infertility, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New delhi, edition 7, 2016, chapter 17, page no:203</ref>

Furthermore, assisted reproductive technology is developed. This involves all the procedures like manipulation of gametes and embryos outside the body for treatment of infertility.  

Furthermore, assisted reproductive technology is developed. This involves all the procedures like manipulation of gametes and embryos outside the body for treatment of infertility.  

'''In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)''': Approximately 50,000 to 100,000 capacitated sperms are placed into the culture media containing the oocyte within 4-6 hours of retrieval. The fertilized ova at the 6-8 blastomere stage are placed into the uterine cavity close to the fundus about 3 days after fertilization through a fine flexible soft catheter transcervically.  

'''In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)''': Approximately 50,000 to 100,000 capacitated sperms are placed into the culture media containing the oocyte within 4-6 hours of retrieval. The fertilized ova at the 6-8 blastomere stage are placed into the uterine cavity close to the fundus about 3 days after fertilization through a fine flexible soft catheter transcervically.<ref name=datta>D.C Dutta,D.C Dutta’s text book of Gynaecology, edited by HiralalKonar,Infertility, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New delhi, edition 7, 2016, chapter 17, page no:206</ref>

'''Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)''': Two collected oocytes along with approximately 200,000-500,000 motile sperm for each fallopian tube are taken and injected to the distal end of the fallopian tube through laparoscope.  

'''Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)''': Two collected oocytes along with approximately 200,000-500,000 motile sperm for each fallopian tube are taken and injected to the distal end of the fallopian tube through laparoscope.<ref name=datta/>

'''Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT):''' The placement of the zygote following one day of in vitro fertilization into the fallopian tube.  

'''Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT):''' The placement of the zygote following one day of in vitro fertilization into the fallopian tube.<ref name=datta/>

'''Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI):'''  A single spermatozoa or even spermatid is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an oocyte by micro puncture of the zona pellucida.  

'''Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI):'''  A single spermatozoa or even spermatid is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an oocyte by micro puncture of the zona pellucida.<ref name=datta/> 

'''Gestational Carrier Surrogacy:'''  In this procedure, a fertilized egg is placed into the uterus of a surrogate (gestational carrier) if the mother is not having a functional uterus.  

'''Gestational Carrier Surrogacy:'''  In this procedure, a fertilized egg is placed into the uterus of a surrogate (gestational carrier) if the mother is not having a functional uterus. <ref>D.C Dutta,D.C Dutta’s text book of Gynaecology, edited by HiralalKonar,Infertility, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New delhi, edition 7, 2016, chapter 17, page no:207</ref>

==Embryogenesis and fetal development(garbhavakranti)==

==Embryogenesis and fetal development(garbhavakranti)==