Changes

==== Head massage ====

==== Head massage ====

Head massage increases scalp hair thickness. In a study standardized scalp massage for 24 weeks, increased hair thickness (0.085 ± 0.003 mm vs 0.092 ± 0.001 mm). Increased expression of hair cycle–related genes such as NOGGIN, BMP4, SMAD4, and IL6ST and decrease in hair loss–related genes such as IL6 was observed in RTPCR (Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Stretching forces result in changes in gene expression in human dermal papilla cells. Standardized scalp massage produces mechanical stress to human dermal papilla cells present in subcutaneous tissue. Hence, increase in Hair thickness was observed when subjected to standardized scalp massage. <ref>Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016;16: e8.</ref>  

Head massage increases scalp hair thickness. In a study, standardized scalp massage for 24 weeks increased hair thickness (0.085 ± 0.003 mm vs 0.092 ± 0.001 mm). Increased expression of hair cycle–related genes such as NOGGIN, BMP4, SMAD4, and IL6ST and decrease in hair loss–related genes such as IL6 was observed in RTPCR (Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Stretching forces result in changes in gene expression in human dermal papilla cells. Standardized scalp massage produces mechanical stress to human dermal papilla cells present in subcutaneous tissue. Hence, increase in Hair thickness was observed when subjected to standardized scalp massage. <ref>Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016;16: e8.</ref>  

Head massage treatment activates parasympathetic nerve activity. This leads to feeling of freshness and relief from anxiety. The results show that head massage treatment has a relaxing and refreshing effect. It  can be used to provide comfort in patients. <ref>Murota M, Iwawaki Y, Uebaba K, et al. Physical and Psychological Effects of Head Treatment in the Supine Position Using Specialized Ayurveda-Based Techniques. J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(7):526-532.</ref>  

Head massage treatment activates parasympathetic nerve activity. This leads to feeling of freshness and relief from anxiety. The results show that head massage treatment has a relaxing and refreshing effect. It  can be used to provide comfort in patients. <ref>Murota M, Iwawaki Y, Uebaba K, et al. Physical and Psychological Effects of Head Treatment in the Supine Position Using Specialized Ayurveda-Based Techniques. J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(7):526-532.</ref>  

The head massage also promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. Self-Assessments of standardized scalp massages was done among subjects suffering from Androgenic Alopecia. The results showed that the massages by actions of pressing, pinching and stretching with the help of hands resulted in hair loss stabilization or regrowth among the subjects. But the improvements were less in condition of diffuse versus frontal/temporal or vertex thinning.<ref>Robert S English Jr,  James M Barazesh . Self-Assessments of Standardized Scalp Massages for Androgenic Alopecia: Survey Results. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 9, 167–178 (2019).</ref>

The head massage also promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. Self-Assessments of standardized scalp massages was done among subjects suffering from Androgenic Alopecia. The results showed that the massages by actions of pressing, pinching and stretching with the help of hands resulted in hair loss stabilization or regrowth among the subjects. But the improvements were less in condition of diffuse versus frontal/temporal or vertex thinning.<ref>Robert S English Jr,  James M Barazesh . Self-Assessments of Standardized Scalp Massages for Androgenic Alopecia: Survey Results. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 9, 167–178 (2019).</ref>

==== Foot massage ====

==== Foot massage ====