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Line 24: − + + − # Sama (normal, due to the balanced state of all three [[dosha]]) − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − [[Grahani Chikitsa]]+
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The intensity of agni is influenced by [[dosha]] and is of four types:
The intensity of agni is influenced by [[dosha]] and is of four types:
# Sama (normal, due to the balanced state of all three [[dosha]])
# Vishama (irregular due to the dominance of [[vata]])
# Vishama (irregular due to the dominance of [[vata]])
# Tīkshna (intense due to the dominance of [[pitta]])
# Tīkshna (intense due to the dominance of [[pitta]])
# Manda (low due to the dominance of [[kapha]])
# Manda (low due to the dominance of [[kapha]])
==More information==
The first type of normal digestion (samagni) needs 12 hours (4 yama) for complete digestion of food, and 6 hours (2 yama) for proper digestion of medicine. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 11/53] The time taken for complete digestion suggests digestive pattern of that individual.
== Physiological relation of [[dosha]] and [[agni]] ==
[[Dosha]] are the main functional unit of human physiology. [[Dosha]] also govern the physiology of digestion. Samana [[vayu]] functions nearby the abode of digestive factors (jatharagni), kindles [[agni]]. Prana [[vayu]] and apana [[vayu]] supports the functions of [[agni]]. Pachaka [[pitta]] when devoid of its liquid property, is responsible for digestion.[A. Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/10-11]<ref name="A. Hridaya"/> Kledaka [[kapha]] is responsible to moisten the ingested food. Thus the process of digestion is driven by [[dosha]]. Factors responsible for complete transformation and absorption of food (ahara parinamakara bhava) explain this phenomenon in-depth. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]6/14],[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/6-8]. The vitiated [[dosha]] leads to the formation of [[ama]].
== Importance and assessment of [[Agni]] ==
The proper quantity of food depends on the strength of [[agni]] (factors responsible for digestion and metabolism). The strength of [[agni]] varies according to season, age and other factors. Thus the amount of food will also vary as per the power of [[agni]]. Suitable variation in quantity of food helps maintaining proper digestion and metabolism. The quantity further subjects to heavy to digest (gurutva) and light to digest (laghutva) nature of food. Nourishing benefits of diet is subjected to the status of [[agni]]. Thus [[agni]] is an important facilitator between health and food. Assessment of the status of [[agni]] is an essential component in maintenance of health as well as while treating diseased conditions.
Singh A, Patwardhan K. et. al. developed and validated a self-assessment tool to estimate strength of [[agni]]. The study also evaluates the practical utility of developed tool by recording serum lipid parameters. Lipid parameters vary significantly according to the status of [agni]]. <ref>Singh A, Singh G, Patwardhan K, Gehlot S. Development, Validation and Verification of a Self-Assessment Tool to Estimate Agnibala (Digestive Strength). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):134-140. doi: 10.1177/2156587216656117. Epub 2016 Jul 4.</ref>
Eswaran H. T. et. al. prepared an [[agni]] assessment scale comprising 64 questions to evaluate the four types of [[agni]]. The study has validated a scale for internal consistency. <ref>Eswaran HT, Kavita MB, Tripaty TB, and Shivakumar. Formation and validation of questionnaire to assess Jāṭharāgni. Anc Sci Life.2015 Apr-Jun; 34(4): 203–209.</ref>
Patil VC, Baghel MS et. al. developed formulae for assessment of the digestive functions ([[agni]]) during administration of [[snehana]] (internal oleation). <ref>Patil VC, Baghel MS, Thakar AB. Assessment of [[agni]] (digestive process) and [[koshtha]] (bowel movement with special reference to abhyantara [[snehana]] (internal oleation). Ancient Sci. Life. 2008; 28:26-28</ref>
[[Agni]] performs various functions of digestion, metabolism and assimilation. Gastric secretions is a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach and contain numerous compounds including hydrochloric acid (HCL), pepsin, lipase, mucin. Kulatunga et al assessed the status of [[agni]] in the patients of [[pandu]] (anemia and blood deficiency disorders) and find out its relationship with the acidity of gastric secretions by use of fractional test meal examination. Their study concluded that HCL reduction in patients of anemia seriously affects the protein and iron absorption; thus Hypochlorhydria (found in 72.8% of the patients) indicates hypofunction of [[agni]]. <ref>Kulatunga R D H, Rai N P, Ali Z. Status of Agni in Pandu Roga (anemia) and its association with the acidity of gastric secretions-A Clinical Study. IAMJ: Volume 7, Issue 1, January – 2019.</ref>
==Related chapters==
[[Grahani Chikitsa Adhyaya]], [[Trividhakukshiya Vimana Adhyaya]]
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==References==
==References==