Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators
10,100
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 31:
Line 31: − === Introduction ===+ Line 46:
Line 46: − === Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ===+ Line 64:
Line 64: − We shall now expound the chapter on “Determination of the specific characteristics of different types of patients”. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]+ − ==== Two types of patients based on severity of disease and clinical presentation ====+ Line 83:
Line 83: − ==== Consequence of improper diagnosis ====+ Line 154:
Line 154: − ==== Types of ''krimi'' ====+ Line 167:
Line 167: − ==== ''Malaja krimi'' (parasites originating from excreta) ====+ Line 194:
Line 194: − ==== ''Shonitaja krimi'' (parasites in blood) ====+ Line 221:
Line 221: − ==== ''Shleshmaja krimi'' (parasites in mucus and other fluids) ====+ Line 249:
Line 249: − ==== ''Purishaja krimi'' (parasites in feces) ====+ Line 277:
Line 277: − ==== Principles of management ====+ Line 314:
Line 314: − ==== Various therapeutic modalities ====+ Line 491:
Line 491: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 565:
Line 565: − + − ==== Part A: Importance of correct diagnosis ====+ − ==== Part B : ''Krimi'' (parasitology) ====+ Line 581:
Line 581: − + − ==== Part A : Importance of correct diagnosis ====+ − ==== Part B: ''Krimi'' (parasitology) ====+ Line 594:
Line 594: − ==== Management of ''krimi roga'' ====+ Line 605:
Line 605: − ===== ''Nidana Parivarjana'' (removal of cause) ===== + − ===== ''Apakarshana'' (removal of ''krimi'') =====+ Line 637:
Line 637: − ===== Enhancing ''yuktikrita bala'' or artificially-induced immunity =====+ Line 653:
Line 653: − ==== Microbiology in [[Ayurveda]] ====+ − === Research studies ===+ Line 664:
Line 664: − === Glossary === − {| class="wikitable" − ! rowspan="1"| − ! rowspan="1"| Term in Sanskrit − ! rowspan="1"| Transliteration − ! rowspan="1"| Meaning in English − |- − | 1. || व्याधित || VyAdhita || Diseased/ patient/suffering/ailing − |- − | 2. || रूपीय || RUpIya || Specific characteristic features, signs and symptoms, features, qualities − |- − | 3. || पुरुष || puruSha || Person, individual − |- − | 4. || गुरुव्याधित || guruvyAdhita || Person suffering from serious illness but having been possessed with good strength of mind and body, looks like suffering from a mild disease. − |- − | 5. || लघुव्याधित || laghuvyAdhita || Person suffering from mild diseases but appearing to be having serious illness due to very less mental and physical strength. − |- − | 6. || सत्वबल || Satvabala || Mental strength, psychological ability − |- − | 7. || शरीरसंपत् || SarIrasampat || Physical strength, body constitution − |- − | 8. || अधम || Adhama || Low, less in quality, bad, imperfect − |- − | 9. || अकुशल || akuSala || Non skillful, non expert − |- − | 10. || ज्ञानावयव || j~jAnAvayava || Partial/incomplete knowledge − |- − | 11. || कृत्स्न || KRtsna || Complete, entire, full, perfect − |- − | 12. || विज्ञान || Vij~jnAna || Special/complete/correct knowledge, − |- − | 13. || विप्रतिपन्न || Vipratipanna || Commit mistake, to err − |- − | 14. || अल्पदोष || alpadoSha || Less morbid Doshas, − |- − | 15. || संशोधन || saMSodhana || Purificatiry/ body cleansing procedures, − |- − | 16. || उदीरण || udIraNa || Aggrevation, becoming morbid − |- − | 17. || महादोष || mahAdoSha || Excessively morbid Doshas − |- − | 18. || निर्हरण || nirharaNa || Elimination, evacuation − |- − | 19. || विदितवेदित || Viditavedita || Who has got the knowledge in its entirety − |- − | 20. || क्रिमि || Krimi || Worms, parasites, micro/ macro organisms that are inhabitants of the body − |- − | 21. || समुत्थान || samutthAna || Causative factor, etiology − |- − | 22. || स्थान || SthAna || Place, location, habitat − |- − | 23. || संस्थान || saMsthAna || Feature, form − |- − | 24. || प्रभाव || prabhAva || Effect − |- − | 25. || सहजक्रिमि || Sahajakrimi || Parasites present from birth, Inborn, native, saprophytes − |- − | 26. || पुरीषज || purIShaja || Born out of feces − |- − | 27. || श्लेष्मज || SleShmaja || Born out of kaphadosha − |- − | 28. || मलज || Malaja || Born out of external excreta − |- − | 29. || अणवः || ANavah || Minute, micro − |- − | 30. || यूका || YUkA || Type of parasite found on scalp in people with low hygiene. They are minute, multipedes, having shape of sesame, either white or black in color. − |- − | 31. || पिपीलिका || pipIlikA || Type of parasite found on scalp in people with low hygiene. They are minute, multipedes, having shape of sesame, either white or black in color − |- − | 32. || कण्डू || KanDu || Itching, prurutis − |- − | 33. || कुष्ठ || kuShTha || Various kinds of skin manifestations − |- − | 34. || शोणितवाहि धमनि || SoNitavAhi dhamani || Blood vessel − |- − | 35. || केशाद लोमाद लोमद्वीपसौरस औडुम्बर जन्तुमातर || keSAda, lomAda, lomadvIpa, saurasa, auDumbara, jantumAtara || Names of the Krimis, present in blood vessels, minute, round, having no pedicle, caused due to the factors which manifest skin diseases, leading to destruction of hair from head, face, other parts of body, eyelashes and nails.Keshaada means that which eats away the hair on head.Lmaada means that which eats away the hair on body. − |- − | 36. || पृथु || PRthu || Big − |- − | 37. || ब्रध्न || Bradhna || Tape like /flat − |- − | 38. || अन्त्रादा उदरादा हृदयचरा चुरु दर्भपुष्पा सौगन्धिका महागुदा || antrAdA udarAdA hRdayacarA curu darbhapushpA saugandhikA mahAgudA|| These are the names of the parasites born out of SleSma inhabitant in AmASaya. When excessively aggrevated they move either upward or downward direction. They are caused due to excessive intake of milk, jiggery, meat of animals of marshy land, uncooked and putrified food, etc. they are big or flat, some are round like earth worm, minute and long, white in colour. Their infestations cause nausea, salivation, tastelessness, indigestion, fever, fainting, yawning, sneezing, constipation, malaise, vomiting, emaciation, dryness of the body. − antrAdA means that which eats away the intestines. − udarAda means that eats away the abdomen. − hRdayacara means that which moves in hRdaya. − darbhapuShpa means that which resembles the flowers of darbhA grass (Desmostachia bipinnata) − mahAguda means that which is having big anus. − |- − | 39. || ककेरुक मकेरुक लेलिह सशूलक सौसुराद || Kakeruka makeruka leliha saSUlaka sausurAda || The parasites born out of feces which are inhabitant of colon. These worms when grow excessively move downwards and upwards. When they are towards AmASaya, they produce eructation and fecal odour in the breath of the person. They are minute, cylindrical, long appearing like fibres of wool, white in colour. Some of them are thick, cylindrical, grey/ blue/ green/ yellow in colour. They produce features like diarrhea, emaciation, dryness, horripilation, itching in the oral cavity, crawling out of the anus etc. − |- − | 40. || अपकर्षण || apakarShaNa || Extraction, removal, nonattractive − |- − | 41. || पृकृतिविघात || prakRtivighAta || Counteraction to the normal habitat, opposite environment to growth of the parasites, damaging/ destructing the natural habitat. − |- − | 42. || निदान || NidAna || Causative/ etiological factor − |- − | 43. || शिरोविरेचनं || shirovirecanaM || Cleansing of head through nasal instillation of medicines- Nasya karma, one among Pancakarma procedures. − |- − | 44. || वमनं || vamanaM || One among Pancakarma procedures where in the morbid Doshas are eliminated out through inducing emesis. − |- − | 45. || विरेचनं || virecanaM || One among Pancakarma procedures where in the morbid Doshas are eliminated out through inducing purgation. − |- − | 46. || आस्थापानं || AsthApanaM || One among Pancakarma procedures where in the medicaments are administered in the form of decoction added with honey, saindhava salt, paste of medicines, oil/ ghee and administered through anal route in order to eliminate the morbid Doshas. − |- − | 47. || निदान परिवर्जन || NidAnaparivarjanaM || Giving up the causative factors of the disease. Giving up the factors which induce morbidity of Doshas/ production of parasites in the body. − |- − | 48. || क्रिमिकोष्ठ || krimikoShTha || The person (abdomen) afflicted with parasites. − |- − | 49. || संशमनं || saMSamanaM || Palliation/ subsiding the morbid Doshas. − |- − | 50. || बस्ति || Basti || Administration of medicaments through anal route/ therapeutic enema. − |- − | 51. || उभयतः || Ubhayatah || Through both upward route/ emesis and downward route/ purgation. − |- − | 52. || निर्हरण || nirharaNa || Elimination /evacuation − |- − | 53. || चूर्ण || CUrNa || Medicines in the form of powder − |- − | 54. || पाणितल || pANitala || Amount of medicine that can be accommodated on the palm (approximately 12 g) − |- − | 55. || कलश || KalaSa || Approximately 12.3 Kg − |- − | 56. || शारद || SArada || Grown in Sarad Rtu (ashwayuja and kArtIka mAsa) − |- − | 57. || द्रोणि || DroNI || Stone slab/ a specially designed for conducting therapies. − |- − | 58. || क्रिमिघ्न || Krimighna || That which kills/ eliminates/ reduces the parasites. − |- − | 59. || प्रतिसंसर्जन || pratisaMsarjana || Regimen to be observed after conducting evacuation therapies to restore Agni and strength of the body. − |- − | 60. || अनुवासन || anuvAsana || Form of therapeutic enema where in unctuous substance like oil, ghee, bone marrow or muscle fat are used. − |- − | 61. || हेतुवर्जन || Hetuvarjana || Giving up the factors which induce disease/ lead to morbidity of Doshas/ leading to infestation of parasites. − |- − |} − + − + − === References ===+ − === Further reading ===+ − + − +
no edit summary
}}
}}
== Introduction ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The chapter deals with importance of ''dehabala'' (physical strength) and ''sattvabala'' (psychological strength) in assessing the severity and prognosis of diseases. If a physician masters the art of assessing properly the physical and psychological strength, he never fails in proper prognosis and management of patients.
The chapter deals with importance of ''dehabala'' (physical strength) and ''sattvabala'' (psychological strength) in assessing the severity and prognosis of diseases. If a physician masters the art of assessing properly the physical and psychological strength, he never fails in proper prognosis and management of patients.
</div>
</div>
== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div></div>
</div></div>
Now we shall expound the chapter "Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana" (Types of patients and organisms affecting human Body). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
=== Two types of patients based on severity of disease and clinical presentation ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== Consequence of improper diagnosis ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== Types of ''krimi'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Lord Atreya replied to him—O Agnivesha! Twenty types of pathogenic parasites have been mentioned here from various points of view, the non-pathogenic are other ones described elsewhere. They, being divided as per their source of genesis, are of four types-developing in feces, in mucus, in blood and developing from external excreta.[9]
Lord Atreya replied to him—O Agnivesha! Twenty types of pathogenic parasites have been mentioned here from various points of view, the non-pathogenic are other ones described elsewhere. They, being divided as per their source of genesis, are of four types-developing in feces, in mucus, in blood and developing from external excreta.[9]
=== ''Malaja krimi'' (parasites originating from excreta) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Their treatment is - extraction, removal of external excreta from the body and to avoid the factors which are responsible for production of excreta. [10]
Their treatment is - extraction, removal of external excreta from the body and to avoid the factors which are responsible for production of excreta. [10]
=== ''Shonitaja krimi'' (parasites in blood) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== ''Shleshmaja krimi'' (parasites in mucus and other fluids) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== ''Purishaja krimi'' (parasites in feces) ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== Principles of management ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== Various therapeutic modalities ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
</div>
</div>
=== Summary ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Thus ends the seventh chapter on the [[Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana]] in [[Vimana Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak.
Thus ends the seventh chapter on the [[Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana]] in [[Vimana Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak.
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
This chapter has two parts in which first eight stanzas are concerned with the efficiency of physician in diagnostic accuracy whereas second part deals with parasitology. Thus, tatva and vidhi vimarsha is being described separately for both portion.
This chapter has two parts in which first eight stanzas are concerned with the efficiency of physician in diagnostic accuracy whereas second part deals with parasitology. Thus, tatva and vidhi vimarsha is being described separately for both portion.
=== Part A: Importance of correct diagnosis ===
#The partial knowledge is not sufficient to have proper understanding of that subject. Thus, the knowledge of all aspects of the concept with all the possible tools is essential for complete understanding of that concept.
#The partial knowledge is not sufficient to have proper understanding of that subject. Thus, the knowledge of all aspects of the concept with all the possible tools is essential for complete understanding of that concept.
#Understanding of physical and mental strength is essential for assessing the proper diagnosis and the severity of disease.
#Understanding of physical and mental strength is essential for assessing the proper diagnosis and the severity of disease.
=== Part B : ''Krimi'' (parasitology) ===
#''Krimis'' are classified as external and internal variety mainly. They are further sub classified based upon etiology, habitat, morphology, color, nomenclature, pathogenesis and treatment.
#''Krimis'' are classified as external and internal variety mainly. They are further sub classified based upon etiology, habitat, morphology, color, nomenclature, pathogenesis and treatment.
</div>
</div>
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
=== Part A : Importance of correct diagnosis ===
In the era of clinical diagnosis it was very important that the physician should not do only proper diagnosis but should also assess the severity of disease so he is able to provide proper treatment without causing any harm to the patient. Hence patients should have thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests.[[Vimana Sthana]] predominantly contains the diagnostic tools. The ten point examination method of drugs is also mentioned.
In the era of clinical diagnosis it was very important that the physician should not do only proper diagnosis but should also assess the severity of disease so he is able to provide proper treatment without causing any harm to the patient. Hence patients should have thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests.[[Vimana Sthana]] predominantly contains the diagnostic tools. The ten point examination method of drugs is also mentioned.
=== Part B: ''Krimi'' (parasitology) ===
[[Ayurveda]] describes two kinds of organisms, namely ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic), and ''vaikrita'' (pathogenic). Also described are two categories of pathogens/parasites, namely, external and internal. The internal organisms are mainly of three categories in terms of their natural environments: those that thrive on mucus (''shleshma''), those thriving in fecal matter, and those thriving in blood. Some of these, particularly the ones thriving in fecal matter seem to be intestinal parasites while others simulate microbes. The texts repeatedly advocate protecting surgical wounds from these organisms. There is also a clear description of vector borne diseases and that diseases such as leprosy, tuberculosis, conjunctivitis and fever as contagious diseases spread by contact with other patients or vectors.
[[Ayurveda]] describes two kinds of organisms, namely ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic), and ''vaikrita'' (pathogenic). Also described are two categories of pathogens/parasites, namely, external and internal. The internal organisms are mainly of three categories in terms of their natural environments: those that thrive on mucus (''shleshma''), those thriving in fecal matter, and those thriving in blood. Some of these, particularly the ones thriving in fecal matter seem to be intestinal parasites while others simulate microbes. The texts repeatedly advocate protecting surgical wounds from these organisms. There is also a clear description of vector borne diseases and that diseases such as leprosy, tuberculosis, conjunctivitis and fever as contagious diseases spread by contact with other patients or vectors.
This recognition of the existence of these friendly ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic organisms) by [[Ayurveda]] thousands of years ago is of great historical significance.
This recognition of the existence of these friendly ''prakrita'' (non-pathogenic organisms) by [[Ayurveda]] thousands of years ago is of great historical significance.
=== Management of ''krimi roga'' ===
Since [[Charak Samhita]] was written, there has been enormous advancement in the field of infectious diseases, especially in the last one hundred years. This advancement is mainly in the field of ''Apakarshana'' (removal of micro-organisms and parasites) but old principles of prevention are still current. This edition of [[Charak Samhita]] has brief mention of those and reader is referred to infectious disease books for detailed knowledge.
Since [[Charak Samhita]] was written, there has been enormous advancement in the field of infectious diseases, especially in the last one hundred years. This advancement is mainly in the field of ''Apakarshana'' (removal of micro-organisms and parasites) but old principles of prevention are still current. This edition of [[Charak Samhita]] has brief mention of those and reader is referred to infectious disease books for detailed knowledge.
#Enhancing ''yuktikrita bala'' or artificially-induced immunity.
#Enhancing ''yuktikrita bala'' or artificially-induced immunity.
==== ''Nidana Parivarjana'' (removal of cause) ====
The most important aspect of the management of any disease specifically ''krimi roga'' is the avoidance of aetiological factors by following good hygiene like clean water and food and avoid transmission from direct contact like clothing and physical contact etc. Infestation by parasites is common in people who eat food before the digestion of previous meals, excessive sweet and sour food prepared of flour, jaggery like cake/pastries etc. and sedentary lifestyle. Hence consumption of these items can be avoided for the proper treatment and prevention of re-infestation.
The most important aspect of the management of any disease specifically ''krimi roga'' is the avoidance of aetiological factors by following good hygiene like clean water and food and avoid transmission from direct contact like clothing and physical contact etc. Infestation by parasites is common in people who eat food before the digestion of previous meals, excessive sweet and sour food prepared of flour, jaggery like cake/pastries etc. and sedentary lifestyle. Hence consumption of these items can be avoided for the proper treatment and prevention of re-infestation.
==== ''Apakarshana'' (removal of ''krimi'') ====
Ayurvedic management of parasites is recommended for expulsion of worms/parasites from gut, skin and wounds. Most of the drugs mentioned for the management are for the intestinal worms. Some drugs have also been specified for parasites of skin like lice. A long list of drugs is available in various classical texts, however following few drugs has been used widely by Ayurvedic researchers. Most commonly used drugs are:
Ayurvedic management of parasites is recommended for expulsion of worms/parasites from gut, skin and wounds. Most of the drugs mentioned for the management are for the intestinal worms. Some drugs have also been specified for parasites of skin like lice. A long list of drugs is available in various classical texts, however following few drugs has been used widely by Ayurvedic researchers. Most commonly used drugs are:
Mass deworming is done by World Health Organization (WHO) in certain areas of the world where helminthiasis is common. Although deworming improves the health of an individual, outcomes from mass deworming campaigns, such as reduced deaths or increases in cognitive ability, nutritional benefits, physical growth, and performance, are uncertain or not apparent.
Mass deworming is done by World Health Organization (WHO) in certain areas of the world where helminthiasis is common. Although deworming improves the health of an individual, outcomes from mass deworming campaigns, such as reduced deaths or increases in cognitive ability, nutritional benefits, physical growth, and performance, are uncertain or not apparent.
==== Enhancing ''yuktikrita bala'' or artificially-induced immunity ====
In case of recurrent worm infestations, emerging drug resistance to known anti-parasitic agents, together with the inability of these agents to prevent re-infection and relapse, further complicates the disease scenario<ref> Ahmad R, Khan T, Ahmad B, Misra A, Balapure AK. Neurocysticercosis: a review on status in India, management, and current therapeutic interventions. Parasitology Research, Jan;116(1):21-33. Epub 2016 Oct 24. </ref>. In such cases, ''nidana parivarjana'' and ''prakrityvighata'' becomes important to follow for prevention. Drug Resistance is a big problem in the field of infectious diseases.
In case of recurrent worm infestations, emerging drug resistance to known anti-parasitic agents, together with the inability of these agents to prevent re-infection and relapse, further complicates the disease scenario<ref> Ahmad R, Khan T, Ahmad B, Misra A, Balapure AK. Neurocysticercosis: a review on status in India, management, and current therapeutic interventions. Parasitology Research, Jan;116(1):21-33. Epub 2016 Oct 24. </ref>. In such cases, ''nidana parivarjana'' and ''prakrityvighata'' becomes important to follow for prevention. Drug Resistance is a big problem in the field of infectious diseases.
There are specific methods and approaches to tackle the categories of immune disorders. It is evident from the description of ''ojabala'' and ''bala-dosha'' that immunology was highly advanced in ''samhita'' period of [[Ayurveda]] and the knowledge in this field was comparable to the current knowledge of immunology.
There are specific methods and approaches to tackle the categories of immune disorders. It is evident from the description of ''ojabala'' and ''bala-dosha'' that immunology was highly advanced in ''samhita'' period of [[Ayurveda]] and the knowledge in this field was comparable to the current knowledge of immunology.
=== Microbiology in [[Ayurveda]] ===
Even though microscopy became available in 17th century, microbiology and parasitology was known and described in Ayurvedic classics in the context of immunity and body resistance. For an individual to possess immunity adequate ''ojas, bala'' and ''vyadhiksamatva'' is necessary. Role of microbes in causing disease became known to modern medicine in the last two centuries and since then discovery of antibiotics and vaccination there has been rapid advancements in the field of infectious diseases and saved millions of lives. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused change in body microbiome with resultant increase in various chronic and autoimmune diseases. Use of vaccination is also under cloud these days. Ayurvedic knowledge of ''yuktikrit bala'' or artificially-induced immunity by ''rasayana'', lifestyle and suitable diet can be very useful in prevention and treatment of microbial diseases.
Even though microscopy became available in 17th century, microbiology and parasitology was known and described in Ayurvedic classics in the context of immunity and body resistance. For an individual to possess immunity adequate ''ojas, bala'' and ''vyadhiksamatva'' is necessary. Role of microbes in causing disease became known to modern medicine in the last two centuries and since then discovery of antibiotics and vaccination there has been rapid advancements in the field of infectious diseases and saved millions of lives. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused change in body microbiome with resultant increase in various chronic and autoimmune diseases. Use of vaccination is also under cloud these days. Ayurvedic knowledge of ''yuktikrit bala'' or artificially-induced immunity by ''rasayana'', lifestyle and suitable diet can be very useful in prevention and treatment of microbial diseases.
</div>
</div>
== Research studies ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
*Seed oils of Gynandropsis gynandra, impatiens balsamina, Celastrus paniculata, Embelia ribes and Mucuna pruriens exhibited moderate to significant anhelminthic activity. Embelia ribes showed the best anthelminthic property in parameters of time of paralysis and death of the worm.(SS Jalalpure, KR Alagawadi, CS Mahajanashetti, MN Shah, Salahuddin, Vijay Singh, JK Patil; Dept of pharmacognocy and phytochemistry, KLESC Belgaum, 2007, vol-69-p158-160)
*Seed oils of Gynandropsis gynandra, impatiens balsamina, Celastrus paniculata, Embelia ribes and Mucuna pruriens exhibited moderate to significant anhelminthic activity. Embelia ribes showed the best anthelminthic property in parameters of time of paralysis and death of the worm.(SS Jalalpure, KR Alagawadi, CS Mahajanashetti, MN Shah, Salahuddin, Vijay Singh, JK Patil; Dept of pharmacognocy and phytochemistry, KLESC Belgaum, 2007, vol-69-p158-160)
</div>
</div>
===See Also ===
== Video links ==
Video by Prof.M.S.Baghel on Parasitology in [[Ayurveda]] available on [http://ayushguru.org/video/135/ayurvedic-classics-unexplored-wisdom-of-ancient-india] retrieved on May 30, 2019
* Video by Prof.M.S.Baghel on Parasitology in [[Ayurveda]] available on [http://ayushguru.org/video/135/ayurvedic-classics-unexplored-wisdom-of-ancient-india] retrieved on May 30, 2019
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
== Further reading ==
#Charak Samhita, Shri Cakrapani viracita [[Ayurveda]] deepika vyakhya, Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya Sampadita, Choukhamba Surabharati Prakashana.
#Charak Samhita, Shri Chakrapani virachita [[Ayurveda]] deepika vyakhya, Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya Sampadita, Choukhamba Surabharati Prakashana.
#Charak Samhita, Shri Cakrapani viracita [[Ayurveda]] Deepika tatha Shri Gangadhara viracita Jalpakalpataru Teeka, Choukhamba publishers.
#Charak Samhita, Shri Chakrapani virachita [[Ayurveda]] Deepika tatha Shri Gangadhara viracita Jalpakalpataru Teeka, Choukhamba publishers.
#Charak Samhita, Edited with Vaidyamanorama Hindi commentary by Acharya Vidyadhara Shukla and Prof Ravidatta Tripathi, Choukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthana.
#Charak Samhita, Edited with Vaidyamanorama Hindi commentary by Acharya Vidyadhara Shukla and Prof Ravidatta Tripathi, Choukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthana.
#Charak Samhita, Edited with Caraka Chndrika Hindi commentary by Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan.
#Charak Samhita, Edited with Caraka Chndrika Hindi commentary by Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan.