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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<div style="text-align:justify;">Swastha chatushka, the tetrad of chapters on health, deals with the preservation of health and prevention of diseases. The first chapter of this tetrad, entitled Matrashiteeya Adhyaya, covers two topics viz. various aspects of the proper quantity and quality of diet and various daily regimens that should be followed by a person for healthy living. The tenets of personal hygiene, oral hygiene and hygiene of sense organs are described in this chapter. The routine procedures to preserve health like [[abhyanga]] (massage), [[nasya]] (nasal errhines), [[kavala]] / [[gandusha]] (gargling), [[karnapurana]] (applying oil in ears), [[anjana]] (collyrium) etc. are described in this chapter with their methods of administration and positive health benefits. </div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">Swastha chatushka, the tetrad of chapters on health, deals with the preservation of health and prevention of diseases. The first chapter of this tetrad, entitled Matrashiteeya Adhyaya, covers two topics viz. various aspects of the proper quantity and quality of diet and various daily regimens that should be followed by a person for healthy living. The tenets of personal hygiene, oral hygiene and hygiene of sense organs are described in this chapter. The routine procedures to preserve health like [[abhyanga]] (massage),[[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke/vapours), [[nasya]] (nasal errhines), [[kavala]] and [[gandusha]] ( methods of gargling), [[karnapurana]] (applying oil in ears), [[anjana]] (collyrium) etc. are described in this chapter with their methods of administration and positive health benefits. </div>
'''Keywords''': Quantity of diet, [[Dinacharya]], [[Abhyanga]], [[Nasya]], [[Kavala]] / [[Gandusha]], [[Anu taila]], [[Anjana]], [[karnapurana]], personal hygiene, oral health, gargling, nasal errhines, massage, collyrium, mouth wash, health of sense organs.
'''Keywords''': Quantity of diet, [[Dinacharya]], [[Abhyanga]], [[Nasya]], [[Kavala]] / [[Gandusha]], [[Anu taila]], [[Anjana]], [[karnapurana]], personal hygiene, oral health, gargling, nasal errhines, massage, collyrium, mouth wash, health of sense organs.
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Thus, ''shali'' rice, ''shashtika'' rice, green gram, common quail, gray partridge, antelope, rabbit, wapiti, Indian ''sambar'' deer, and such other food-articles, though light to digest by their inherent properties, depends on the proper quantity. Similarly, preparations of flour (pastry), sugar-cane juice and sugar preparations, milk and milk preparations, sesame, black gram, flesh of aquatic animals, marshy land animals are inherently heavy to digest foods. [5]
Thus, ''shali'' rice (Oryza sativum), ''shashtika'' rice (variety of Oryza sativum), mudga (Vigna radiata green gram), common quail, gray partridge, antelope, rabbit, wapiti, Indian ''sambar'' deer, and such other food-articles, though light to digest by their inherent properties, depends on the proper quantity. Similarly, preparations of flour (pastry), sugar-cane juice and sugar preparations, milk and milk preparations, til (Sesamum indicum-sesame), masha (Vigna mungo-black gram), flesh of aquatic animals, marshy land animals are inherently heavy to digest foods. [5]
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</div>
nAbhyasedgauravAnmAMsaM kRushaM naivopayojayet||10||
nAbhyasedgauravAnmAMsaM kRushaM naivopayojayet||10||
One should not be habitual to take dried meat, dried vegetables, lotus-tuber and lotus-stalk as these are heavy to digest. One should never eat meat of emaciated animal. [10]
One should not be habitual to take dried meat, dried vegetables, shaluka (tuber of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) and bisa (stalk of lotus-Nymphaea alba Linn.) as these are heavy to digest. One should never eat meat of emaciated animal. [10]
कूर्चिकांश्च किलाटांश्च शौकरं गव्यमाहिषे|
कूर्चिकांश्च किलाटांश्च शौकरं गव्यमाहिषे|
AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||
AntarIkShaM payaH sarpirjA~ggalaM madhu cAbhyaset||12||
One should regularly consume ''Shashtika''rice, ''Shali'' rice(varieties of rice), green-gram, rock-salt, Indian-gooseberry, barley, rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals(arid habitat) and honey. [12]
One should regularly consume shashtika rice (Oryza sativum), shali rice(varieties of Oryza sativum rice), mudga (Vigna radiata green gram), rock-salt, aamalaka (Phyllanthus emblica -Indian-gooseberry), yava (Hordeum vulgare-barley), rain-water, milk, ghee, flesh of ''jangala'' animals(arid habitat) and honey. [12]
तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|
तच्च नित्यं प्रयुञ्जीत स्वास्थ्यं येनानुवर्तते|
==== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)====
==== [[Anjana]](Collyrium)====
===== Directions of Collyrium Use =====
===== Frequency of application and types of collyrium =====
सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|
सौवीरमञ्जनं नित्यं हितमक्ष्णोः प्रयोजयेत्|
pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||
pa~jcarAtre~aShTarAtre vA srAvaNArthe rasA~jjanam||15||
One should daily apply the collyrium of ''sauviranjana'' (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use ''rasanjana'' once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
One should daily apply the collyrium of sauviranjana (antimony sulphide), which is beneficial to the eyes.; one should use rasanjana (aqueous extract of Berberis aristata) once in every fifth or eighth night for cleansing drainage of the eyes. [15]
===== Direction of use ====
चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|
चक्षुस्तेजोमयं तस्य विशेषाच्छ्लेष्मतो भयम्|
snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|
snehAktAmagnisampluShTAM pibet prAyogikIM sukhAm|25|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Harenuka, priyangu, prithvika, kesara, nakha, hribera, chandana, patra, tvak, ela, ushira, padmaka, dhyamaka, madhuka, mamsi, guggulu, aguru,'' ''sarkara,'' good bark of ''nyagrodha,'' ''asvatha, plakha,'' and ''lodhra, vanya, sarjarasa, musta, saileya, kamala, utpala,'' ''sriveshtaka, sallaki,'' and ''sukabarha'' – all these are macerated, made as paste and applied on a hollow reed of ''sara'' plant, to the thickness of ''yava'', on the reed of the size of the thumb and of eight ''angula'' (16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of ''sara'' plant, smear the wick with ''ghee'' and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is ''prayogiki dhuma'' (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]
Harenuka (Pisum sativum L. ), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl ),prithvika ( Amomum subulatum Roxb.), kesara(Crocus Sativus L.),nakha( Ipomoea Pes-tigridis L.), hribera (Plectranthus vettiveroides(Jacob)),chandana ( Santaum albus L.),patra (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham)),tvak (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl),ela (Ellatoria cardamomum(L.) Maton), ushira (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty),padmaka (Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham.),dhyamaka (Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.), madhuka ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), mansi ( Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don.) DC.),guggulu (Commiphora mukul(Hook.ex Stocks), aguru( Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.), sharkara( Dodecacarbon monodecahydrate ), good bark of nyagrodha(Ficus benghalensis L.), ashvattha (Ficus religiosa L.),plaksha (Ficus virens Aiton),lodhra (Symplocos racemose Roxb.),vanya (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr), sarjarasa (Vateria indica L.),musta (Cyperus rotundus L.),shaileya (Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.)M.Choisy ),kamala (Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)),utpala(Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.),sriveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.),shallaki (Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex Colebr),Sukabarha – all these
– all these are macerated, made as paste and applied on a hollow reed of ''sara'' plant, to the thickness of ''yava'', on the reed of the size of the thumb and of eight ''angula'' (approximate 16 cm) in length. After the paste dries, the physician should remove the reed of ''sara'' plant, smear the wick with ''ghee'' and introduce it into the nozzle of the smoking apparatus, and light its front tip with fire and ask the person to inhale its smoke. This is ''prayogiki dhuma'' (daily inhalation for the healthy person) and it bestows comfort. [20-24]
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</div>
===== ''Snaihika dhumapana'' (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) =====
===== ''Snaihika dhumapana'' (inhalation of smoke with unctuous substances for reducing dryness) =====
vartiM madhurakaiH kRutvA snaihikIM dhUmamAcaret|26|
vartiM madhurakaiH kRutvA snaihikIM dhUmamAcaret|26|
One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ''ghee'' and wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweat taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
One should use a herbal cigar, prepared from animal fat, ghee and bee wax and should combine skillfully with the best of drugs belonging to the category of sweet taste, for unctuous smoke. [25-26]
===== ''Shirovirochana dhumapana'' (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) =====
===== ''Shirovirochana dhumapana'' (inhalation of smoke with purgative substances for cleansing) =====
</div>
</div>
===== ''Dhumapana phala'' (benefits of smoke inhalation) =====
===== Indications of [[Dhumapana]] =====
गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||
गौरवं शिरसः शूलं पीनसार्धावभेदकौ||२७||
श्लेष्मप्रसेको वैस्वर्यं गलशुण्ड्युपजिह्विका|
श्लेष्मप्रसेको वैस्वर्यं गलशुण्ड्युपजिह्विका|
खालित्यं पिञ्जरत्वं च केशानां पतनं तथा||३०||
खालित्यं पिञ्जरत्वं च केशानां पतनं तथा||३०||
क्षवथुश्चातितन्द्रा च बुद्धेर्मोहोऽतिनिद्रता|
धूमपानात् प्रशाम्यन्ति बलं भवति चाधिकम्||३१||
शिरोरुहकपालानामिन्द्रियाणां स्वरस्य च|
न च वातकफात्मानो बलिनोऽप्यूर्ध्वजत्रुजाः||३२||
धूमवक्त्रकपानस्य व्याधयः स्युः शिरोगताः|३३|
Gauravaṁ śirasaḥ śūlaṁ pīnasārdhāvabhēdakau||27||
Gauravaṁ śirasaḥ śūlaṁ pīnasārdhāvabhēdakau||27||
ślēṣmaprasēkō vaisvaryaṁ galaśuṇḍyupajihvikā|
ślēṣmaprasēkō vaisvaryaṁ galaśuṇḍyupajihvikā|
khālityaṁ piñjaratvaṁ ca kēśānāṁ patanaṁ tathā||30||
khālityaṁ piñjaratvaṁ ca kēśānāṁ patanaṁ tathā||30||
Kṣavathuścātitandrā ca buddhērmōhō'tinidratā|
dhūmapānāt praśāmyanti balaṁ bhavati cādhikam||31||
śirōruhakapālānāmindriyāṇāṁ svarasya ca|
na ca vātakaphātmānō balinō'pyūrdhvajatrujāḥ||32||
dhūmavaktrakapānasya vyādhayaḥ syuḥ śirōgatāḥ|33|
gauravaM shirasaH shUlaM pInasArdhAvabhedakau||27||
gauravaM shirasaH shUlaM pInasArdhAvabhedakau||27||
shleShmapraseko vaisvaryaM galashuNDyupajihvikA|
shleShmapraseko vaisvaryaM galashuNDyupajihvikA|
khAlityaM pi~jjaratvaM ca keshAnAM patanaM tathA||30||
khAlityaM pi~jjaratvaM ca keshAnAM patanaM tathA||30||
kShavathushcAtitandrA ca buddhermoho~atinidratA|
kShavathushcAtitandrA ca buddhermoho~atinidratA|
dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|
dhUmavaktrakapAnasya [4] vyAdhayaH syuH shirogatAH|33|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Medicated smoking alleviates sternutation, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia and augments the strength of the hair, of the senses and of voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoking by oral route are not afflicted by ''vata'' and ''kapha'' affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[31-33]
It is indicated in complaints of heaviness in the head, headache, rhinitis, migraine, ear-ache, pain in eyes, cough, hiccup, dyspnoea, obstruction of the throat, weakness of the teeth, discharge from the ear, nose and eyes due to morbid condition, nasal fetor, halitosis, odontalgia, anorexia, lock-jaw, torticolis, pruritis, worms, pallor of the face, mucoid discharge from the mouth, impaired voice, ''galashundi'' (uvulitis), ''upajihvika'' (ranula), alopecia, graying of hair, and falling of hair.
Medicated smoke inhalation alleviates sternutation, excessive drowsiness, loss of consciousness and hypersomnia. It augments the strength of the scalp hair roots, the senses and voice. Moreover, those who resort to smoke inhalation by oral route are not afflicted by [[vata]] and [[kapha]] [[dosha]] affecting the upper part of the body or head, howsoever strong the disease may be.[27-33]
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</div>
===== ''Dhumapana kala'' (times of smoke inhalation) =====
===== Proper times of administration of [[Dhumapana]] and=====
प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||
प्रयोगपाने तस्याष्टौ कालाः सम्परिकीर्तिताः||३३||
वातश्लेष्मसमुत्क्लेशः कालेष्वेषु हि लक्ष्यते|
स्नात्वा भुक्त्वा समुल्लिख्य क्षुत्वा दन्तान्निघृष्य च|
स्नात्वा भुक्त्वा समुल्लिख्य क्षुत्वा दन्तान्निघृष्य च|
नावनाञ्जननिद्रान्ते चात्मवान् धूमपो भवेत्|
तथा वातकफात्मानो न भवन्त्यूर्ध्वजत्रुजाः||३५||
तथा वातकफात्मानो न भवन्त्यूर्ध्वजत्रुजाः||३५||
रोगास्तस्य तु पेयाः स्युरापानास्त्रिस्त्रयस्त्रयः|३६|
रोगास्तस्य तु पेयाः स्युरापानास्त्रिस्त्रयस्त्रयः|३६|
prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|
prayoge, snaihike tvekaM, vairecyaM tricatuH pibet|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Considering the time of aggravation of [[Vata]] and [[Kapha]] [[dosha]] in body, eight specific times of administration of medicated smoke have been prescribed for daily use.The self controlled man should resort to inhalation of smoke after taking bath, after scraping the tongue, after sneezing, after brushing the teeth, after [[nasya]], after the use of eye-salve/collyrium and at the end of sleep. Thereby, [[vata]] and [[kapha]] borne diseases affecting the body parts above the clavicle do not afflict him.
In these conditions, inhalation should be done thrice, in three puffs each time. A wise man should practice habitual smoking twice a day only, the unctuous smoking once a day and the purgative smoking thrice or four times a day. [33-36]
</div>
</div>
===== ''Samyak dhumapana lakshana'' (signs of proper smoking) =====
===== Signs of proper [[dhumapana]] =====
हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||
हृत्कण्ठेन्द्रियसंशुद्धिर्लघुत्वं शिरसः शमः||३७||
yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|
yatheritAnAM doShANAM samyakpItasya lakShaNam|38|
Feeling of well-being and clarity in ''hridaya'' (cardiac region), throat and senses, lightness of the head and pacification of the vitiated [[dosha]] are the signs of proper [[dhumapana]]. [36-38]
===== ''Ati dhumapana lakshana'' (signs of excess smoke inhalation) =====
===== Complications due to excess [[dhumapana]] and their management =====
बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||
बाधिर्यमान्ध्यमूकत्वं रक्तपित्तं शिरोभ्रमम्||३८||
shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||
shItaM tu raktapitte syAcchleShmapitte virUkShaNam||40||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications: deafness, blindness, dumbness, ''raktapitta'' (heamorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of ''ghee'' is desirable. In the event of complications arising due to ''vata'' following ''pitta'', one shall apply nasal drops, collyrium and ''tarpana'' (keeping medicated ''ghee'' in the eye) prepared using unctuous articles. In the case of ''raktapitta'' these shall be prepared with cooling drugs and in the case of complications arising out of an aggravated ''kapha'' they shall be prepared with ''ruksha'' drugs (causing dryness).[38-40]
Untimely or excessive smoking causes complications like deafness, blindness, dumbness, [[raktapitta]] (hemorrhagic disorder – bleeding from nose), and giddiness. In such conditions intake of [[ghee]] is desirable.
In the event of complications arising due to [[vata]] following [[pitta]], one shall apply nasal drops, collyrium and [[tarpana]] (keeping medicated [[ghee]] in the eye) prepared using unctuous articles.
In case of [[raktapitta]], these shall be prepared with cooling drugs and in the case of complications arising out of an aggravated [[kapha]], they shall be prepared with [[ruksha]] drugs (causing dryness).[38-40]
</div>
</div>
===== ''Dhumapana anarha'' (contraindications of herbal smoke) =====
===== Contraindications of [[dhumapana]] =====
परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|
परं त्वतः प्रवक्ष्यामि धूमो येषां विगर्हितः|
rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|
rogAstasya pravardhante dAruNA dhUmavibhramAt|46|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Now I shall explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who is purged, one who has taken ''basti'' (medicated enema), a person who has disorders of ''rakta'', who is afflicted with poison, one who is grief-stricken, a pregnant woman, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of ''ama'' or ''pitta'', one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, ''timira'', head-injury, ''sankhaka, rohini, meha'' or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of smoking. [41-46]
Now I will explain the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated: One who has followed [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation), [[basti]] (therapeutic enema), a person who has disorders of [[rakta]], who is afflicted with poison, one who is in grief, during pregnancy, one who is fatigued, one who is intoxicated, one suffering from disorders of [[ama]] or [[pitta]], one who has had a sleepless night, one suffering from fainting, giddiness, thirst, emaciation or trauma, one who has just taken wine, milk, unctuous beverage or honey, one who has taken food along with curd, one who is afflicted with dryness, anger, dryness of the palate, [[timira]], head-injury, [[shankhaka]], [[rohini]], [[meha]](obstinate urinary disorders) or alcoholism. If a person, out of ignorance, smokes in these instances or in an untimely condition, his disorders will aggravate dreadfully due to complications of [[dhumapana]]. [41-46]
</div>
</div>
===== ''Dhumapana karma'' (method of smoke inhalation) =====
===== Method of [[dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====
धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||
धूमयोग्यः पिबेद्दोषे शिरोघ्राणाक्षिसंश्रये||४६||
pibecchidraM pidhAyaikaM nAsayA dhUmamAtmavAn|49|
pibecchidraM pidhAyaikaM nAsayA dhUmamAtmavAn|49|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The person for whom smoking is prescribed should smoke through the nose, in cases of diseases of the head, of the nose and of the eye, and through mouth, in the cases of diseases of the throat. The person who has inhaled the smoke through the nose shall exhale it by the mouth but should not exhale it through the nose, because the smoke traversing in the reverse direction injures the eyes quickly.
The person eligible for [[dhumapana]] should inhale the smoke through nose in case of diseases of the head, nose and eye. [[Dhumapana]] is advised through mouth in case of diseases of throat. The person who has inhaled smoke through the nose shall exhale it by the mouth, but should not exhale it through nose, because the smoke traversing in the reverse direction injures the eyes quickly.
One should cautiously inhale smoke through one nostril after closing the other nostril, thrice in each round, thus for three rounds, in comfortable sitting position with straight body and eyes with concentration of mind. [46-49]
One should cautiously inhale smoke through one nostril after closing the other nostril, thrice in each round, thus for three rounds, in comfortable sitting position with straight body and eyes with concentration of mind. [46-49]
</div>
</div>
===== ''Dhuma netra'' (smoking nozzle) =====
===== Dhuma netra (nozzle of smoking pipe) =====
चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||
चतुर्विंशतिकं नेत्रं स्वाङ्गुलीभिर्विरेचने||४९||
bastinetrasamadravyaM dhUmanetraM prashasyate|51|
bastinetrasamadravyaM dhUmanetraM prashasyate|51|
For the errhine smoke, the smoking pipe should be of the length twenty-four fingers’ breadth,
For the smoke inhalation for errhine purpose, the smoking pipe should be of the length twenty-four fingers breadth, measuring with one’s own finger;
For unctuous smoke, it should be of thirty-two fingers;
and for daily smoke it should be longer by a half than the first.
The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the ''basti'' nozzle. [49-51]
The smoking pipe recommended the most is a straight one having three knots/bulges, having the proximal caliber of the size of a ziziphus-stone and is made of the same materials as those of the [[basti]] nozzle. [49-51]
दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||
दूराद्विनिर्गतः पर्वच्छिन्नो नाडीतनूकृतः||५१||
The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
The smoke which comes from a distance, intercepted by the knots/bulges and attenuated by passing through the tapering pipe, taken with due consideration of dose and time does not impair the senses. [51-52]
===== Effects of less, proper & excess ''Dhumapana'' (smoke inhalation) =====
===== Effects of less, proper & excess [[Dhumapana]] (smoke inhalation) =====
यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||
यदा चोरश्च कण्ठश्च शिरश्च लघुतां व्रजेत्||५२||
कफश्च तनुतां प्राप्तः सुपीतं धूममादिशेत्|
अविशुद्धः स्वरो यस्य कण्ठश्च सकफो भवेत्||५३||
अविशुद्धः स्वरो यस्य कण्ठश्च सकफो भवेत्||५३||
स्तिमितो मस्तकश्चैवमपीतं धूममादिशेत्|
तालु मूर्धा च कण्ठश्च शुष्यते परितप्यते||५४||
तालु मूर्धा च कण्ठश्च शुष्यते परितप्यते||५४||
तृष्यते मुह्यते जन्तू रक्तं च स्रवतेऽधिकम्|
तृष्यते मुह्यते जन्तू रक्तं च स्रवतेऽधिकम्|
शिरश्च भ्रमतेऽत्यर्थं मूर्च्छा चास्योपजायते||५५||
शिरश्च भ्रमतेऽत्यर्थं मूर्च्छा चास्योपजायते||५५||
इन्द्रियाण्युपतप्यन्ते धूमेऽत्यर्थं निषेविते|५६|
इन्द्रियाण्युपतप्यन्ते धूमेऽत्यर्थं निषेविते|५६|
Yadā cōraśca kaṇṭhaśca śiraśca laghutāṁ vrajēt||52||
Yadā cōraśca kaṇṭhaśca śiraśca laghutāṁ vrajēt||52||
kaphaśca tanutāṁ prāptaḥ supītaṁ dhūmamādiśēt|
aviśuddhaḥ svarō yasya kaṇṭhaśca sakaphō bhavēt||53||
aviśuddhaḥ svarō yasya kaṇṭhaśca sakaphō bhavēt||53||
stimitō mastakaścaivamapītaṁ dhūmamādiśēt|
tālu mūrdhā ca kaṇṭhaśca śuṣyatē paritapyatē||54||
tālu mūrdhā ca kaṇṭhaśca śuṣyatē paritapyatē||54||
tr̥ṣyatē muhyatē jantū raktaṁ ca sravatē'dhikam|
śiraśca bhramatē'tyarthaṁ mūrcchā cāsyōpajāyatē||55||
śiraśca bhramatē'tyarthaṁ mūrcchā cāsyōpajāyatē||55||
indriyāṇyupatapyantē dhūmē'tyarthaṁ niṣēvitē|56|
indriyāṇyupatapyantē dhūmē'tyarthaṁ niṣēvitē|56|
yadA corashca kaNThashca shirashca laghutAM vrajet||52||
yadA corashca kaNThashca shirashca laghutAM vrajet||52||
kaphashca tanutAM prAptaH supItaM dhUmamAdishet|
avishuddhaH svaro yasya kaNThashca sakapho bhavet||53||
avishuddhaH svaro yasya kaNThashca sakapho bhavet||53||
stimito mastakashcaivamapItaM dhUmamAdishet|
stimito mastakashcaivamapItaM dhUmamAdishet|
tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||
tAlu mUrdhA ca kaNThashca shuShyate paritapyate||54||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
When the chest, throat and head feel light and the ''kapha'' is liquefied it is said to be a correct smoking.
When the chest, throat and head feel light and the [[kapha]] is liquefied, it is said to be a correct smoking.
If the voice is not clarified, the throat is filled with ''kapha'' and the head feels heavy it is said to be an insufficient smoking.
If the voice is not clear, the throat is filled with [[kapha]] and the head feels heavy, it is said to be an insufficient smoking.
If the palate, head and throat feel parched and become hot and the person feels thirsty, stupefied and unconscious, or if the person bleeds profusely and the head feels light and dizzy or if the person becomes unconscious or his senses feel agitated, it should be known that the smoking has been done in excess. [52-56]
If the palate, head and throat feel parched and become hot and the person feels thirsty, stupefied and unconscious, or if the person bleeds profusely and the head feels light and dizzy or if the person becomes unconscious or his senses feel agitated, it should be known that the smoking has been done in excess. [52-56]
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</div>
==== ''Nasya'' therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ====
==== [[Nasya]] therapy (nasal errhines), indications and benefits ====
वर्षे वर्षेऽणुतैलं च कालेषु त्रिषु ना चरेत्||५६||
वर्षे वर्षेऽणुतैलं च कालेषु त्रिषु ना चरेत्||५६||
jIryatashcottamA~ggeShu jarA na labhate balam|63|
jIryatashcottamA~ggeShu jarA na labhate balam|63|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One should take a course of ''anu-taila'' every year, during three seasons, of the pre-rainy season, the autumn and the spring, when the sky is free from clouds. One, who practices ''nasya'', per the prescribed method, at the proper time, will keep his sight, smell and hearing unimpaired. His hair and beard will never become white or grey; his hair will not fall off, rather will grow in abundance. Torticolis, head-ache, facial paralysis, lock-jaw, rhinitis, hemicranias and tremors of the head will be alleviated thereby. The ''nasya'' will nourish the ''shiras'' (vessels), joints, ligments and tendons of cranium, giving them greater strength. The face will become cheerful and plump, the voice will become mellow, firm and stentorian, and all the senses will become clearer and strengthened considerably. Diseases related to head and neck would not attack him all of a sudden even though he might be aging. The effects of senility would not affect the head. [56-63]
One should take a course of [[anu taila]] every year, during three seasons, of the pre-rainy season, the autumn and the spring, when the sky is free from clouds.
One, who practices [[nasya]], per the prescribed method, at the proper time, will keep his sight, smell and hearing unimpaired. His hair and beard will never become white or grey; his hair will not fall off, rather will grow in abundance. Torticolis, head-ache, facial paralysis, lock-jaw, rhinitis, hemicranias and tremors of the head will be alleviated thereby. The [[nasya]] will nourish the blood vessels, joints, ligaments and tendons of cranium, giving them greater strength. The face will become cheerful and plump, the voice will become mellow, firm and stentorian, and all the senses will become clearer and strengthened considerably. Diseases related to head and neck would not attack him all of a sudden even though he might be aging. The effects of senility would not affect the head. [56-63]
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</div>
==== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil) ====
==== Anu taila (Preparation of Anu oil), its dose and method of administration ====
चन्दनागुरुणी पत्रं दार्वीत्वङ्मधुकं बलाम्||६३||
चन्दनागुरुणी पत्रं दार्वीत्वङ्मधुकं बलाम्||६३||
prayu~jjAno yathAkAlaM yathoktAnashnute guNAn|71|
prayu~jjAno yathAkAlaM yathoktAnashnute guNAn|71|
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<div style="text-align:justify;">
'''Ingredients of [[Anu taila]]:''' Chanadana (Santalum album Linn.-Indian sandal wood), aguru (Aquilaria agalocha Rox.-eagle wood), patra (Cinnamomum tamala Nees.-cinnamom leaf), darvi(Berberis aristata DC-Indian barberry), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.-liquorice), bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.-country mallow), prapaundarika (Nymphaea lotus Linn.-lotus rhizomes), sukshma ela (Elattaria cardamomum Maton -small cardamom), vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm.f.-false black pepper), bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.-wood apple), utpala (Nymphaea caerulea Sav.-sacred blue lily), hribera(Coleus zeylanicus Benth.), abhayam(Vetiveria zizanioides), vanya(Cyperus tenniflorus-rush nut), twak (Cinnamomum tamala Nees.-cinnamom bark),musta (Cyperus rotendus Linn.- nut grass), sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R.B.-Indian sarsaparilla), sthira (Desmodium gangeticum DC-ticktrefoil), jivanti(Leptadenia reticulate W& A-cork swallow wart), prushniparni (Uraria picta Desv.-painted leaved uraria), deodar (cedrus deodara Loud.), shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd.-climbing asparagus), harenu (Pisum sativaum Linn.-fragrant piper), bruhati (Solanum indicum Linn.-Indian night shade), vyaghri (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad-yellow berried night shade), surabhi (Pluchea lancolata Oliver & Hiern-Indian groundsel), padmakeshara (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.-lotus filaments)
'''Process of preparation:''' All the above herbs should be boiled with hundred times in volume of pure rain water. When the decoction is boiled down to ten-times the quantity of oil to be prepared, take it off from the fire. Take one-tenth of this decoction and mix it with equal quantity of oil, boil till only the oil remains. Repeat this process for ten times. At the tenth boiling add an equal quantity of goat’s milk. This is the prescribed method of preparing [[anu taila]] for the purpose of [[nasya]].
'''Dose:''' Half [[pala]] (approximate 20 ml) of this oil should be administered.
'''Method of administration:''' After oleation and sudation of the head and face parts, one should drop the oil into the nostrils with a cotton swab, thrice every alternate day and for seven such days.
'''Precautions:''' The person shall reside in a place which is warm and free from draughts, taking wholesome food and observing self control. [63-71]
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</div>
daurgandhyaM bhajate tena tasmAjjihvAM vinirlikhet|76|
daurgandhyaM bhajate tena tasmAjjihvAM vinirlikhet|76|
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One should clean the teeth with a green twig having a crushed end and of astringent, pungent or bitter taste, twice a day without injuring the gums. This removes halitosis, dysgeusia, induces taste for food by removing the impurities from the tongue, the mouth and the teeth, and cleans the teeth instantaneously. Indian beech (Pongamia pinnata Pierre), Indian oleander (Nerium indicum Mill), ''mudar'' (Calotropis gigantean Linn), Arabian jasmine (Aganosma dichotoma Roth), ''arjun'' (Terminalia arjuna Roxb), spinout kini-tree (Terminalia tomentosa W&A) and such other trees are recommented for use in teeth-cleansing.
One should clean the teeth with a green twig having a crushed end and of astringent, pungent or bitter taste, twice a day without injuring the gums. This removes halitosis, dysgeusia, induces taste for food by removing the impurities from the tongue, the mouth and the teeth, and cleans the teeth instantaneously. Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre-Indian beech), karavira (Nerium indicum Mill-Indian oleander), arka (Calotropis gigantean Linn -madar), malati (Aganosma dichotoma Roth-Arabian jasmine), arjuna (Terminalia arjuna Roxb), asana (Terminalia tomentosa W&A-spinout kini-tree) and such other trees are recommended for use in teeth-cleansing.
The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge and be made of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass. The impurities, deposited at the root of the tongue obstruct inhalation, causing halitosis. The tongue, therefore, should be scraped properly. [71-76]
The tongue-scraper should be curved without a sharp edge and be made of gold, silver, copper, tin or brass. The impurities, deposited at the root of the tongue obstruct inhalation, causing halitosis. The tongue, therefore, should be scraped properly. [71-76]
tathA karpUraniryAsaH sUkShmailAyAH phalAni ca||77||
tathA karpUraniryAsaH sUkShmailAyAH phalAni ca||77||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One, desirous of securing cleanliness, taste and fragrance should keep nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Hoult.), musk-mellow (Hibiscuss abelmoschus Linn.), betel-nut (Areca catechu Linn.), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill & Perry), Cubeb-pepper seed (Piper cubeba Linn.), good betel-leaves, camphor (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.), and small cardamom in the mouth. [76-77]
One, desirous of securing cleanliness, taste and fragrance should keep jati (Myristica fragrans Hoult.-nutmeg), katuka (Hibiscuss abelmoschus Linn.-musk-mellow), puga (Areca catechu Linn.-betel-nut), lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill & Perry-cloves), kankola (Piper cubeba Linn.-cubeb-pepper seed), tambula (betel-leaves), karpura (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.-camphor), and sukshma ela (small cardamom) in the mouth. [76-77]
</div>
</div>
==== Directions of Oil gargling and its benefits ====
==== Directions of [[Gandusha]] (Oil gargling) and its benefits ====
हन्वोर्बलं स्वरबलं वदनोपचयः परः|
हन्वोर्बलं स्वरबलं वदनोपचयः परः|
Oil-gargling imparts strength to the jaws, strength to the voice and excellent plumpness/flabbiness to the face, excellent gustatory sensation and good taste for food. One does not suffer from the dryness of the throat, or from the fear of the lips getting chafed. One’s teeth do not become carious, instead become firmly rooted and do not ache nor are they set on edge by sour intake but become strong enough to chew even the hardest eatables. [78-80]
Oil-gargling imparts strength to the jaws, strength to the voice and excellent plumpness/flabbiness to the face, excellent gustatory sensation and good taste for food. One does not suffer from the dryness of the throat, or from the fear of the lips getting chafed. One’s teeth do not become carious, instead become firmly rooted and do not ache nor are they set on edge by sour intake but become strong enough to chew even the hardest eatables. [78-80]
</div>
</div>
==== [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ====
==== Directions, indications and benefits of abhaynga viz. head massage and body massage ====
===== Directions, indications and benefits of [[abhaynga]] (head massage and body massage) =====
नित्यं स्नेहार्द्रशिरसः शिरःशूलं न जायते|
नित्यं स्नेहार्द्रशिरसः शिरःशूलं न जायते|
bhavatyabhya~gganityatvAnnaro~alpajara eva ca||89||
bhavatyabhya~gganityatvAnnaro~alpajara eva ca||89||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
One who has got his head oleated well daily alleviates head-ache, premature greying, and alopecia, while strengthening the cranial bones significantly. Hair roots become stronger, senses become clearer, the facial skin becomes smoother and the person gets sound sleep and happiness.
One who has got his head daily well oleated alleviates head-ache, premature graying, and alopecia, while strengthening the cranial bones significantly. Hair roots become stronger, senses become clearer, the facial skin becomes smoother and the person gets sound sleep and happiness.
By filling the ears with oil daily, there will be no ear diseases of the vata type, no stiffness of the neck or jaws, no difficulty in hearing and reduced chances of deafness.
By filling the ears with oil daily, there will be no ear diseases of the [[vata]] type, no stiffness of the neck or jaws, no difficulty in hearing and reduced chances of deafness.
Just as a pitcher by smearing with oil, a hide by soaking in oil or an axle by lubricating with oil become firm, so does the human body when oleated with oil. The skin becomes beautiful, vata disorders are relieved, and tolerance to hardship and physical strain is enhanced.
Just as a pitcher by smearing with oil, a hide by soaking in oil or an axle by lubricating with oil become firm, so does the human body when oleated with oil. The skin becomes beautiful, [[vata]] disorders are relieved, and tolerance to hardship and physical strain is enhanced.
vayu predominates in the tactile sense faculty and the tactile sense faculty resides in the skin. Massage is exceedingly beneficial to the skin. Therefore, a person should practice it regularly. A person’s body accustomed to oil massage is not liable to be afflicted with injury due to external trauma or strenuous physical exertion. A person, by applying daily oil massage, becomes smooth and plump, strong and good looking, while slowing his ageing process. [81-89]
[[vayu]] predominates in the tactile sense faculty and the tactile sense faculty resides in the skin. Massage is exceedingly beneficial to the skin. Therefore, a person should practice it regularly. A person’s body accustomed to oil massage is not liable to be afflicted with injury due to external trauma or strenuous physical exertion. A person, by applying daily oil massage, becomes smooth and plump, strong and good looking, while slowing his ageing process. [81-89]
</div>
</div>
==== Directions and benefits of foot massage ====
===== Directions and benefits of foot massage =====
खरत्वं स्तब्धता रौक्ष्यं श्रमः सुप्तिश्च पादयोः|
खरत्वं स्तब्धता रौक्ष्यं श्रमः सुप्तिश्च पादयोः|
na sirAsnAyusa~gkocaH pAdAbhya~ggena pAdayoH||92||
na sirAsnAyusa~gkocaH pAdAbhya~ggena pAdayoH||92||
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The roughness, stiffness, dryness, fatigue and numbness of feet are alleviated by massaging the legs. The legs attain gentleness, strength, firmness, the eyes attain brightness, and the ''vata'' is pacified. Foot massage also prevents ''grudhrasivata'' (sciatica), fissures in the feet, contraction of the muscles, and blood vessels of legs. [90-92]
The roughness, stiffness, dryness, fatigue and numbness of feet are alleviated by massaging the legs. The legs attain gentleness, strength, firmness, the eyes attain brightness, and the [[vata]] is pacified. Foot massage also prevents [[grudhrasi]](sciatica), fissures in the feet, contraction of the muscles, and blood vessels of legs. [90-92]
</div>
</div>
==== Benefits of bath ====
===== [[Snana]] (bath) and its benefits =====
दौर्गन्ध्यं गौरवं तन्द्रां कण्डूं मलमरोचकम्|
दौर्गन्ध्यं गौरवं तन्द्रां कण्डूं मलमरोचकम्|
Wiping of body removes body fetor, heaviness, fatigue, itching, dirt, anorexia and loathsomeness due to sweating.
Wiping of body removes body fetor, heaviness, fatigue, itching, dirt, anorexia and loathsomeness due to sweating.
Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances ''ojas'' to the highest degree. [93-94]
Bathing is purifying, promotive of virility and longevity, remover of fatigue, sweat and dirt, brings about physical strength and enhances [[ojas]] to the highest degree. [93-94]
==== Virtues of proper attire ====
==== Virtues of proper attire ====
The use of fragrant articles and garlands enhances virility, promotes longevity, charm, plumpness and strength, is pleasing to the mind, and averts penury.
The use of fragrant articles and garlands enhances virility, promotes longevity, charm, plumpness and strength, is pleasing to the mind, and averts penury.
The wearing of jewel-ornaments brings prosperity, is auspicious, promotes longevity, is decorative, is dispersive of worries, is exhilarative, is attractive and is enhancive of ''ojas''.
The wearing of jewel-ornaments brings prosperity, is auspicious, promotes longevity, is decorative, is dispersive of worries, is exhilarative, is attractive and is enhancing of [[ojas]].
The frequent ablution of feet and excretory orifices is promotive of intelligence, is purifying, promotes longevity, and dispels of misfortunes and ''kali''(sin).
The frequent ablution of feet and excretory orifices is promotive of intelligence, is purifying, promotes longevity, and dispels of misfortunes and sin.
The trimming and grooming of body hair and nails (manicure and pedicure) is promotive of plumpness, virility, longevity, cleanliness and beauty.
The trimming and grooming of body hair and nails (manicure and pedicure) is promotive of plumpness, virility, longevity, cleanliness and beauty.
Here are the verses:
Here are the verses:
The ideal quantity of food, the articles of food, determination of quantity with reference to their heaviness and lightness; such of the food articles whose habitual use is recommended and is prohibited; eye-salves; cigars; the three varieties of cigar; the advantages of smoking; the times for smoking; the dose of smoking; its frequency; the manifestations of the complications of smoking and its remedies; the persons in whom smoking is contra-indicated; the method of smoking; the material for making the smoking pipe; its size and shape in different categories of smoking; the benefits of ''nasya'', their procedures, which type of ''nasya'' should be done, how and when; how the tooth-cleaning twig should be used; the different virtues of various kinds of twigs; which articles should be kept in the mouth and why; what are the advantages of oil-gargling; and what are the advantages of applying oil on the head, dropping oil into the ears, annointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments; of ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carrying umbrella and staff. All these are described in this chapter on ''Matrashiteeya''. [105-111]
The ideal quantity of food, the articles of food, determination of quantity with reference to their heaviness and lightness; such of the food articles whose habitual use is recommended and is prohibited; eye-salves; cigars; the three varieties of cigar; the advantages of [[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke), its times,its dose, frequency; manifestation of complications, and its remedies; contraindications; the method of administration; the material for making the smoking pipe; its size and shape in different categories; the benefits of [[nasya]], their procedures, which type of [[nasya]] should be done, how and when; how the tooth-cleaning twig should be used; the different virtues of various kinds of twigs; which articles should be kept in the mouth and why; what are the advantages of oil-gargling; and what are the advantages of applying oil on the head, dropping oil into the ears, annointing the feet, body-massage, bath, wearing clean clothes, perfumes and jewel-ornaments; of ablutions, clipping and trimming of hair, wearing footwear, and to carrying umbrella and staff. All these are described in this chapter on [[Matrashiteeya]]. [105-111]
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने मात्राशितीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः||५||
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने मात्राशितीयो नाम पञ्चमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः||५||
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē mātrāśitīyō nāma pañcamō'dhyāyaḥsamāptaḥ||5||
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē mātrāśitīyō nāma pañcamō'dhyāyaḥsamāptaḥ||5||
=== ''Tattva vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles ===
=== ''Tattva vimarsha'' (Fundamental Principles) ===
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
* One should eat proper quantity of food according to strength of ''agni''. [verse 3]
* One should eat proper quantity of food according to strength of [[agni]]. [verse 3]
* The ideal quantity of food is which gets digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy.[verse 4]
* The ideal quantity of food is which gets digested in due time without disturbing the normalcy.[verse 4]
* The food items that are predominant in ''vayu'' and ''agni mahabhuta'' are naturally light for digestion and can be taken regularly to maintain health. Those predominantly of ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhuta'' are naturally heavy to digest and shall be taken in small quantity always. If the heavy to digest items are taken, then strong physical exercise shall be followed to help ''agni'' to digest this heavy food. [Verse 6]
* The food items that are predominant in [[vayu]] and [[agni]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally light for digestion and can be taken regularly to maintain health. Those predominantly of [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] [[mahabhuta]] are naturally heavy to digest and shall be taken in small quantity always. If the heavy to digest items are taken, then strong physical exercise shall be followed to help [[agni]] to digest this heavy food. [Verse 6]
* There should be a right combination of light and heavy food articles in one’s diet regimen. The heavy-to-digest food articles can be one third or one half of total food consumed, while the remaining should be light-to-digest food. In every composition, the digestive capacity of ''agni'' is to be followed. [verse 7]
* There should be a right combination of light and heavy food articles in one’s diet regimen. The heavy-to-digest food articles can be one third or one half of total food consumed, while the remaining should be light-to-digest food. In every composition, the digestive capacity of [[agni]] is to be followed. [verse 7]
* If the food is taken in proper quantity, it provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person. [verse 8]
* If the food is taken in proper quantity, it provides strength, complexion, happiness and longevity to the person. [verse 8]
* The food articles like ''shashtika''-rice, ''sali''-rice, green-gram, rock-salt, Indian-gooseberry, barley, rain-water, milk, ''ghee'', flesh of animals living in dry areas and honey can be regularly consumed for preservation of health. One should take those food articles daily, which maintain good health as well as prevent the onset of diseases. [Verse 13]
* The food articles like shashtika rice, shali rice, green-gram, rock-salt, Indian-gooseberry, barley, rain-water, milk, ghee, meat of animals living in arid areas and honey can be regularly consumed for preservation of health. One should take those food articles daily, which maintain good health as well as prevent the onset of diseases. [Verse 13]
* The health of all supraclavicular body parts and sense organs can be maintained by following procedures given in daily regimen. [Verse 14]
* The health of all supraclavicular body parts and sense organs can be maintained by following procedures given in daily regimen. [Verse 14]
* The eyes should be protected from ''kapha''. Therefore the ''kapha''-pacifying measures should always be followed for maintaining the eyesight. The measures like collyrium should be followed regularly for drainage of eyes. [Verse 15-17]
* The eyes should be protected from [[kapha]]. Therefore the [[kapha]]-pacifying measures should always be followed for maintaining the eyesight. The measures like collyrium should be followed regularly for drainage of eyes. [Verse 15-17]
* Among the three types of ''dhumapana'' (herbal smoking), ''prayogika'' can be followed daily, ''vairechanika'' (purgative) is to cleanse the channels in diseases with obstructive pathology and ''snehika'' (lubricatory) to provide unctuousness to air passages in diseases with degenerative pathology. This herbal smoking is indicated mainly in supraclavicular diseases including diseases of ear, nose and throat, head, scalp and hair. [verse 20-55]
* Among the three types of [[dhumapana]] (inhalation of smoke), prayogika can be followed daily, vairechanika (purgative) is to cleanse the channels in diseases with obstructive pathology and snehika (unctuous) to provide unctuousness to air passages in diseases with degenerative pathology. This is indicated mainly in supraclavicular diseases including diseases of ear, nose and throat, head, scalp and hair. [verse 20-55]
* The ''nasya'' (nasal errhines) is advantageous to prevent above diseases as well as disease of head and neck region. [verse 56-70]
* The [[nasya]] (nasal errhines) is advantageous to prevent above diseases as well as disease of head and neck region. [verse 56-70]
* The oral health should be preserved by following appropriate tooth twigs, using herbal mouth wash liquids, oil gargles. [verse 71-80]
* The oral health should be preserved by following appropriate tooth twigs, using herbal mouth wash liquids, oil gargles. [verse 71-80]
* Oil should be applied on head regularly to prevent diseases like graying of hairs, alopecia, headaches and improve strength of scalp and head region. It also improves quality of sleep.[verse 81-83]
* Oil should be applied on head regularly to prevent diseases like graying of hairs, alopecia, headaches and improve strength of scalp and head region. It also improves quality of sleep.[verse 81-83]
* Putting oil in ears regularly prevents ear diseases, stiffness of neck and jaw, improves hearing and prevents deafness [ verse 84]
* Applying oil in ears regularly prevents ear diseases, stiffness of neck and jaw, improves hearing and prevents deafness [ verse 84]
* ''Abhyanga'' (Oil massage) should be regularly followed to improve physical strength, prevents ''vata'' disorders and delays ageing process. It also improves skin texture and prevents indirect physical injuries due to exertion and strains.[verse 85-89]
* [[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) should be regularly followed to improve physical strength, prevents [[vata]] disorders and delays ageing process. It also improves skin texture and prevents indirect physical injuries due to exertion and strains.[verse 85-89]
* ''Padabhyanga'' (foot massage) should be regularly followed to prevent disease of lumbo-sacral region like sciatica, leg, foot, heel, plantar fascia, improve strength of legs and eyesight. [verse 90-92]
* Padabhyanga (foot massage) should be regularly followed to prevent disease of lumbo-sacral region like sciatica, leg, foot, heel, plantar fascia, improve strength of legs and eyesight. [verse 90-92]
* Good bath should be regularly followed to prevent skin diseases, improve strength and immunity through improving ''ojas'' [verse 93-94]
* Good bath should be regularly followed to prevent skin diseases, improve strength and immunity through improving [[ojas]]. [verse 93-94]
* One should follow certain practices to maintain personal hygiene and look good in the society. This is required for a positive and productive image building in the society. [verse 95-102]
* One should follow certain practices to maintain personal hygiene and look good in the society. This is required for a positive and productive image building in the society. [verse 95-102]
*One should follow all the daily regimens to attain a happy and healthy life and ultimately fulfill purpose of life. [verse 104]
*One should follow all the daily regimens to attain a happy and healthy life and ultimately fulfill purpose of life. [verse 104]
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=== ''Vidhi vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences ===
=== ''Vidhi vimarsha'' (Applied Inferences) ===
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====Diet and its quantity ====
The proper quantity and quality of diet is not uniform for all the individuals. It varies from person to person, because, it depends primarily on the digestive power of an individual which in turn is influenced by the strength of [[agni]]. The strength of [[agni]] varies according to age, sex, season etc. In the same person diurnal and seasonal variations occur. The diurnal variations are minimal, but seasonal variations are significant. So, it is described as seasonal diets and regimen in the next chapter named ''Tasyashitiyam'' ([[Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya]]). One can prevent diseases due to seasonal variations by adhering to the instructions given in this chapter.
==== Daily Regimen ====
==== Daily Regimen ====
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In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, ''nasya'' (oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, ''jaiphala'', cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
In the morning, after evacuation of the bowels and cleaning, start with eye salve, [[nasya]](oil or medicated drops instillation in nose), teeth cleaning, tongue scraping, mouth fresheners such as clove, betel, jaiphala, cardamom etc., keeping oil in mouth for few minutes, shaving, massaging head, body and feet with oil, oil in ears, rubbing medicated powder on body before bathing, wearing clean clothes and ornaments (jewelry, etc.), shoes and using cane or umbrella before going out are recommended.
It is concluded by saying that sukhayu (happy and healthy life) is achieved by taking care of the body just as a competent town administrator would take care of his city.
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