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विंशतिः प्रमेहा:, विंशतिर्योनिव्यापद: इति इति अष्ट्चत्वारिंशद्रोगधिकरणान्यस्मिन् संग्रहे समुद्दिष्टानि  ||3||

विंशतिः प्रमेहा:, विंशतिर्योनिव्यापद: इति इति अष्ट्चत्वारिंशद्रोगधिकरणान्यस्मिन् संग्रहे समुद्दिष्टानि  ||3||

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There are eight types of ''udara roga'' (abdominal swellings), eight types of ''mutraghata'' (oliguria/anuria), eight types of ''ksheera dosha'' (disorders related to breast milk), eight types of ''reto dosha'' (disorders of semen), seven types of ''kushtha'' (skin disorders), seven types of ''pidaka'' (inflammatory swelling), seven types of ''visarpa'' (acute spreading inflammatory skin conditions like erysipelas ), six types of ''atisara'' (diarrhoeal diseases), six types of ''udavarta'' (abdominal diseases due to suppression of natural urges), five types of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps/tumour), five types of ''pleeha dosha'' (disorders of spleen), five types of ''kasa'' (cough), five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea), five types of ''hikka'' (hiccup), five types of ''trishna'' (thirst), five types of ''chhardi'' (vomiting), five types of ''bhaktasyanashanasthanani'' (anorexia), five types of ''shiroroga'' (diseases of head), five types of ''hridroga'' (diseases of heart), five types of ''panduroga'' (anaemia), five types of ''unmada'' (insanity), four types of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy), four types of ''akshiroga'' (disorders of eyes), four types of ''karna roga'' (disorders of ear), four types of ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis), four types of ''mukha roga'' (oral diseases/buccal diseases), four types of ''grahani roga'' (assimilation disorders/malabsorption disorders), four types of ''mada roga'' (intoxication), four types of ''murchcha'' (fainting), four types of ''shosha'' (consumption/wasting disorders), four types of ''klaibya'' (sterility),  three types of ''shopha'' (swellings), three types of ''kilasa'' (vitiligo),  three types of ''rakta-pitta'' (coagulopathies), two types of ''jwara'' (fever), two types of ''vrana'' (wound),  two types of ''aayama'' (abnormal posture of body due to severe muscular spasm), two types of ''gridhrasi'' (sciatica), two types of ''kamala'' (jaundice), two types of ''ama'' (disorders due to indigestion and metabolism), two types of ''vatarakta'' (gout), two types of ''arsha'' (piles), one type of ''urustambha'' (spastic paraplegia), one type of ''sanyasa'' (coma), one type of ''mahagada'' (Pshyconeurosis), twenty types of ''krimi roga'' (parasitic infestations), twenty types of ''prameha'' (urinary disorders which are characterized by abnormal and increased frequency of urine), and twenty types of ''yoni vyapad'' (gynaecological disorders).  

There are eight types of ''udara roga'' (abdominal swellings), eight types of ''mutraghata'' (oliguria/anuria), eight types of ''ksheera dosha'' (disorders related to breast milk), eight types of ''reto dosha'' (disorders of semen), seven types of ''kushtha'' (skin disorders), seven types of ''pidaka'' (inflammatory swelling), seven types of ''visarpa'' (acute spreading inflammatory skin conditions like erysipelas ), six types of ''atisara'' (diarrhoeal diseases), six types of ''udavarta'' (abdominal diseases due to suppression of natural urges), five types of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps/tumour), five types of ''pliha dosha'' (disorders of spleen), five types of ''kasa'' (cough), five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea), five types of ''hikka'' (hiccup), five types of ''trishna'' (thirst), five types of ''chhardi'' (vomiting), five types of ''bhaktasyanashanasthanani'' (anorexia), five types of ''shiroroga'' (diseases of head), five types of ''hridroga'' (diseases of heart), five types of ''panduroga'' (anaemia), five types of ''unmada'' (insanity), four types of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy), four types of ''akshiroga'' (disorders of eyes), four types of ''karna roga'' (disorders of ear), four types of ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis), four types of ''mukha roga'' (oral diseases/buccal diseases), four types of ''grahani roga'' (assimilation disorders/malabsorption disorders), four types of ''mada roga'' (intoxication), four types of ''murchcha'' (fainting), four types of ''shosha'' (consumption/wasting disorders), four types of ''klaibya'' (sterility),  three types of ''shopha'' (swellings), three types of ''kilasa'' (vitiligo),  three types of ''rakta-pitta'' (coagulopathies), two types of ''jwara'' (fever), two types of ''vrana'' (wound),  two types of ''aayama'' (abnormal posture of body due to severe muscular spasm), two types of ''gridhrasi'' (sciatica), two types of ''kamala'' (jaundice), two types of ''ama'' (disorders due to indigestion and metabolism), two types of ''vatarakta'' (gout), two types of ''arsha'' (piles), one type of ''urustambha'' (spastic paraplegia), one type of ''sanyasa'' (coma), one type of ''mahagada'' (Pshyconeurosis), twenty types of ''krimi roga'' (parasitic infestations), twenty types of ''prameha'' (urinary disorders which are characterized by abnormal and increased frequency of urine), and twenty types of ''yoni vyapad'' (gynaecological disorders).  

Thus, classifications of forty-eight diseases have been briefly described in this chapter. [3]

Thus, classifications of forty-eight diseases have been briefly described in this chapter. [3]

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*Five types of ''gulmas'' (abdominal lump/tumour) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''raktaja''.  

*Five types of ''gulmas'' (abdominal lump/tumour) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''raktaja''.  

*Five types of ''pleeha doshas'' (splenic disorders) are of the same type as those of ''gulma''.

*Five types of ''pliha doshas'' (splenic disorders) are of the same type as those of ''gulma''.

*Five types of ''kasa'' (cough) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' (caused by internal injuries in respiratory tract) and ''kshayaja'' (caused by wasting).

*Five types of ''kasa'' (cough) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' (caused by internal injuries in respiratory tract) and ''kshayaja'' (caused by wasting).

*Five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea) are ''mahashwasa, urdhwashwasa, chhinna shwasa, tamaka shwasa'' and ''kshudra shwasa'' (dyspnoea due to exertion).

*Five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea) are ''mahashwasa, urdhwashwasa, chhinna shwasa, tamaka shwasa'' and ''kshudra shwasa'' (dyspnoea due to exertion).

*The common thing among these three diseases with seven varieties is that their manifestation site is skin but they vary in clinical features, severity, chronicity etc. Nomenclature of ''kushtha'' and ''pidaka'' is based mainly on clinical manifestation and ''visarpa'' subtypes have been mentioned according to ''doshas'' involved. [Verse no. 4(2)]

*The common thing among these three diseases with seven varieties is that their manifestation site is skin but they vary in clinical features, severity, chronicity etc. Nomenclature of ''kushtha'' and ''pidaka'' is based mainly on clinical manifestation and ''visarpa'' subtypes have been mentioned according to ''doshas'' involved. [Verse no. 4(2)]

*Diseases are classified into six types on the basis of their etiological factors involved. During classifying ''atisara'' both physical and mental factors are considered while classification of ''udavarta'' is based on suppression of six important natural urges. [Verse no. 4(3)]

*Diseases are classified into six types on the basis of their etiological factors involved. During classifying ''atisara'' both physical and mental factors are considered while classification of ''udavarta'' is based on suppression of six important natural urges. [Verse no. 4(3)]

*In this verse 12 diseases have been mentioned which have 5 subtypes. If we analyze five subtypes of each disease we will find that in most of the cases four sub-types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. Fifth type varies in many of above mentioned diseases like in ''gulma'' and ''pleeha dosha - raktaja'', in ''chhardi- dwistarthsangyogaja'', in ''bhaktasyanasana - dweshaja,'' in ''shiroroga'' and ''hridroga - krimija'', in ''pandu – mridbhakshanaja'' and in ''unmada – agantuja''. Any cause other than ''dosha'' remarkably changes pathogenesis of disease so keeping this fact in mind, last subtypes have been separately mentioned and named. For the same reason in ''kasa'', in place of ''sannipataja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja kasa'' and in ''trishna'' in place of ''kaphaja - aamaja, trishna'' have been mentioned. In ''shvasa'' division has been done on the basis of prominent symptoms and in ''hikka'' it is based on both symptoms and causative factors. [Verse no. 4(4)]

*In this verse 12 diseases have been mentioned which have 5 subtypes. If we analyze five subtypes of each disease we will find that in most of the cases four sub-types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. Fifth type varies in many of above mentioned diseases like in ''gulma'' and ''pliha dosha - raktaja'', in ''chhardi- dwistarthsangyogaja'', in ''bhaktasyanasana - dweshaja,'' in ''shiroroga'' and ''hridroga - krimija'', in ''pandu – mridbhakshanaja'' and in ''unmada – agantuja''. Any cause other than ''dosha'' remarkably changes pathogenesis of disease so keeping this fact in mind, last subtypes have been separately mentioned and named. For the same reason in ''kasa'', in place of ''sannipataja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja kasa'' and in ''trishna'' in place of ''kaphaja - aamaja, trishna'' have been mentioned. In ''shvasa'' division has been done on the basis of prominent symptoms and in ''hikka'' it is based on both symptoms and causative factors. [Verse no. 4(4)]

*In eight out of set of ten diseases mentioned, classification into subtypes has been based on involvement of ''soshas''. ''Sosha and klaibya'' pathogenesis and treatment varies with cause of the disease so they are classified on the basis of causative agent involved. [Verse no. 4(5)]

*In eight out of set of ten diseases mentioned, classification into subtypes has been based on involvement of ''soshas''. ''Sosha and klaibya'' pathogenesis and treatment varies with cause of the disease so they are classified on the basis of causative agent involved. [Verse no. 4(5)]

*The basis of classification is different in all the three above mentioned diseases. The ''shotha'' subtypes are classified on the basis of  ''dosha'', in ''kilasa'' it is based on clinical features and in ''lohitapitta'' it is classified on the basis of site of manifestation. [Verse no. 4(6)]

*The basis of classification is different in all the three above mentioned diseases. The ''shotha'' subtypes are classified on the basis of  ''dosha'', in ''kilasa'' it is based on clinical features and in ''lohitapitta'' it is classified on the basis of site of manifestation. [Verse no. 4(6)]

Cardinal feature of ''udara roga'' is swelling in abdomen so all diseases having presentation with abdominal swelling/distension can be taken under common term ''udara roga''. In general diseases of stomach and bowel can be included in it. <ref>Williams Monier, Sanskrit – English Dictionary, Motilal Varanasi Publications, Reprint- 1997, Page no 184 </ref>[Madhukosh on M.Ni.35/1, Ch.Su.18/31]

Cardinal feature of ''udara roga'' is swelling in abdomen so all diseases having presentation with abdominal swelling/distension can be taken under common term ''udara roga''. In general diseases of stomach and bowel can be included in it. <ref>Williams Monier, Sanskrit – English Dictionary, Motilal Varanasi Publications, Reprint- 1997, Page no 184 </ref>[Madhukosh on M.Ni.35/1, Ch.Su.18/31]

So, ''udara rogas'' described in Ayurveda can be correlated with different intra-abdominal conditions in which abdominal swelling/distension is the prime feature eg. abdominal tumours, hepato/splenomegaly, intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites etc. Subtypes of ''udara roga'' are named and described on the cause of swelling/distension. First four types are named after ''dosha'' involved. Description of ''pleehodara'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] closely resembles with spleen enlargement. ''Pleeha'' refers to spleen so all conditions with predominant splenomegaly which cause visible abdominal swelling/distension can be taken by the term ''pleehodara''. ''Baddha'' means obstruction, and so obstructive conditions leading to abdominal swelling/distension can be clubbed as ''baddhodara''. Cause and symptoms closely resembles with that of intestinal obstruction so intestinal obstruction could be the possible modern correlate. ''Chhidra'' refers to cavity or hole. In description of ''chhidrodara'' it is clearly mentioned that intestine is injured which leads to exudation of material from intestine to abdominal cavity from the injured site. This condition closely resembles intestinal perforation. ''Udaka'' literally refers to water. ''Udakodara'' or ''jalodara'' is a condition in which fluid is accumulated in intestine. Based on resemblance in clinical features it can be correlated with ascites.

So, ''udara rogas'' described in Ayurveda can be correlated with different intra-abdominal conditions in which abdominal swelling/distension is the prime feature eg. abdominal tumours, hepato/splenomegaly, intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites etc. Subtypes of ''udara roga'' are named and described on the cause of swelling/distension. First four types are named after ''dosha'' involved. Description of ''pleehodara'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] closely resembles with spleen enlargement. ''Pliha'' refers to spleen so all conditions with predominant splenomegaly which cause visible abdominal swelling/distension can be taken by the term ''pleehodara''. ''Baddha'' means obstruction, and so obstructive conditions leading to abdominal swelling/distension can be clubbed as ''baddhodara''. Cause and symptoms closely resembles with that of intestinal obstruction so intestinal obstruction could be the possible modern correlate. ''Chhidra'' refers to cavity or hole. In description of ''chhidrodara'' it is clearly mentioned that intestine is injured which leads to exudation of material from intestine to abdominal cavity from the injured site. This condition closely resembles intestinal perforation. ''Udaka'' literally refers to water. ''Udakodara'' or ''jalodara'' is a condition in which fluid is accumulated in intestine. Based on resemblance in clinical features it can be correlated with ascites.

==== ''Mutraghata'' ====

==== ''Mutraghata'' ====