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== Brief description of brain, its main parts and their functions with figures ==
== Brief description of brain, its main parts and their functions with figures ==
<p style="text-align:justify;"></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The brain, the control centre of the nervous system, consists of cerebrum which is the largest part responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, and voluntary movement. It is divided into left and right hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body. The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the cerebrum, is responsible for higher-level brain functions such as consciousness, perception, and language processing. The cerebellum, located below the cerebrum, coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and maintains posture. The brainstem, situated at the base of the brain, regulates basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep cycle. It consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The limbic system, found deep within the brain, is involved in emotions, memory, and motivation. It includes structures like the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Understanding the functions of these main parts is crucial for comprehending brain function and pathology.<ref name="ref4">Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., Jessell, T. M., Siegelbaum, S. A., & Hudspeth, A. J. (2013). Principles of Neural Science (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.</ref></p>
[[File:Structure of brain and Lobes of Cerebrum.jpg|center]]
== Dosha physiology in shiras ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">Dosha seated in shiras are prana vayu, alochaka pitta and tarpaka kapha. Prana vayu is located in the head, chest, throat, tongue, mouth and nose. Its functions are spitting, sneezing, eructation, respiration, deglutition of food etc. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/6] The pitta situated in the eyes is known as alochaka agni. It helps in the visualisation of objects. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/10] The shleshma situated in the head and by virtue of its greasy and its nutritional properties of its own potency, helps in the proper functioning of sense organs. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/14]</p>
== General causative factors of diseases of head ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">The general causative factors of shiroroga are suppression of natural urges, day sleep, insomnia, intoxication, talking too loudly, exposure to frost, exposure to wind from the front, excessive indulgence in sexual activity, inhalation of unwholesome smell, exposure to dust, smoke, cold and sun; over eating of heavy, sour, and green food, use of very cold water, trauma to the head, formation of products of improper digestion and metabolism in the body (i.e. ama), excessive weeping or suppression of tears, cloudy weather, irritation of mind and anomalous climate.. These factors provoke or vitiate vata, affecting rakta in the head leading to shiroroga with various symptoms. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/8-11]</p>
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