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Yonivyapat Chikitsa (view source)

Revision as of 22:34, 23 September 2021

93 bytes added , 22:34, 23 September 2021

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''Dhataki'' flower, leaves of ''amalaki, srotanjana, madhuka, utpala,'' seed pulp of ''jambu'' and mango, ''kasisa, lodhra, katphala, tinduka, saurashtrika,'' covering of pomegranate, tender fruits of ''udumbara'', each should be taken one ''karsha'' (10 gms each), pounded and pasted and cooked in the double quantity of goat’s urine and milk.Then one ''prastha'' (640 ml) oil should be mixed and cooked. With this oil, vaginal tamponing should be done and followed by the massage of the pelvis or waist, back and the sacral region. ''Anuvasana basti'' (unctuous enema) should be given with this oil. This oil should be used to treat the ''pichchhila yoni'', discharges from the vagina, ''vipluta,Upapluta, antarmukhi, suchimukhi yoni'' and also the swelling and eruptions in the ''yoni''. [78-81]

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''Dhataki'' flower, leaves of ''amalaki, srotanjana, madhuka, utpala,'' seed pulp of ''jambu'' and mango, ''kasisa, lodhra, katphala, tinduka, saurashtrika,'' covering of pomegranate, tender fruits of ''udumbara'', each should be taken one ''karsha'' (10 gms each), pounded and pasted and cooked in the double quantity of goat’s urine and milk.Then one ''prastha'' (640 ml) oil should be mixed and cooked. With this oil, vaginal tamponing should be done and followed by the massage of the pelvis or waist, back and the sacral region. Anuvasana [[basti]] (unctuous enema) should be given with this oil. This oil should be used to treat the ''pichchhila yoni'', discharges from the vagina, ''vipluta,Upapluta, antarmukhi, suchimukhi yoni'' and also the swelling and eruptions in the ''yoni''. [78-81]

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This powder of ''pippali, lohabhasma'' and ''haritaki'' mixed with honey is useful in vaginal discharges.[84]

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==== General guidelines for ''basti'' medication in ''dosha'' dominance ====

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==== General guidelines for [[basti]] medication in [[dosha]] dominance ====

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In case of genital tract disorders with predominance of ''kapha, basti'' of pungent drugs(predominantly) along with cow’s urine is beneficial.

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In case of genital tract disorders with predominance of [[kapha]], [[basti]] ]of pungent drugs(predominantly) along with cow’s urine is beneficial.

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In ''pitta'' dominant disorders, ''basti'' should be given with the recipes containing milk and sweet drugs (''madhura dravyas'') . In those disorders in which ''vata'' is predominant, ''basti'' should be given with oil and decoction or juice of ''Amla''(sour) drugs together. In the ''sannipatika'' disorders, all the measures (general treatment of disorders of the genital tract due to ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha~~'')~~ mixed together are beneficial.[85-86]

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In [[pitta]] dominant disorders, [[basti]] should be given with the recipes containing milk and sweet drugs (''madhura dravyas'') . In those disorders in which [[vata]] is predominant, [[basti]] should be given with oil and decoction or juice of ''Amla''(sour) drugs together. In the ''sannipatika'' disorders, all the measures (general treatment of disorders of the genital tract due to [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] mixed together are beneficial.[85-86]

==== Management of ''rakta yoni'' (vaginal bleeding) ====

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Eventually, the person keeps on aging with deep debility of [[dhatu]], weakness, loss of complexion, with poor energy, easily caught by the diseases. This is the impotency due to senility.[176-180]

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==== ''Kshayaja klaibya'' (impotency due to deficiency of dhatu) ====

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==== ''Kshayaja klaibya'' (impotency due to deficiency of [[dhatu]]) ====

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Let’s understand fourth (type) is kshayaja (due to deficiency)—

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Excess stress, grief, rage, apprehension, envy, curiosity, intoxication, & agitation; emaciated, regular consumer of arid food and medicines, fasting by the debilitated & scanty intake of food, leads diminished ''rasa'' at ''hridaya''.

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Excess stress, grief, rage, apprehension, envy, curiosity, intoxication, & agitation; emaciated, regular consumer of arid food and medicines, fasting by the debilitated & scanty intake of food, leads diminished [[rasa dhatu]] at ''hridaya''.

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The principal ~~''dhatus''~~ diminish rapidly resulting in deficiency of ~~''rakatadi~~ dhatu'' (sequentially) in the person; till it affects ''shukra dhatu''. ''Shukra dhatu'' is the superior among all the ~~''dhatus~~.''

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The principal [[dhatu]] diminish rapidly resulting in deficiency of [[rakta]]di [[dhatu]] (sequentially) in the person; till it affects [[shukra dhatu]]. [[Shukra dhatu]] is the superior among all the [[dhatu]].

In case the person indulges in coitus due to over exhilaration of mind, it leads to immediate loss of semen causing overall ''kshaya''; which may further cause serious illness or death.

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Therefore ''shukra'' (semen) shall be conserved especially for those willing to conserve the health.

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Therefore [[shukra]] (semen) shall be conserved especially for those willing to conserve the health.

Thus four types of the impotency have been described with the etiology and symptomatology.

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As per some other opinion, the two types of impotency, erectile dysfunction and ''kshayaja'' are incurable, also by penilectomy and orchidectomy.

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~~''Doshas''~~ due to ''beejadosha'' (genetic defects) of parents and ominous past conduct when penetrate into the virile semen system, it causes destruction of virile semen, leading to an impotent man even after endowment of complete organs. These are known as incurable due to provocation of ''sannipata'' (aggravation of all three ~~''doshas''~~) [181-191]

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[[Dosha]] due to ''beejadosha'' (genetic defects) of parents and ominous past conduct when penetrate into the virile semen system, it causes destruction of virile semen, leading to an impotent man even after endowment of complete organs. These are known as incurable due to provocation of ''sannipata'' (aggravation of all three [[dosha]]) [181-191]

==== Management of ''klaibya'' (impotency) ====

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Let’s understand general and specific treatments of above mentioned (diseases)—

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Whatever remedy mentioned by me for the ''shukra'' (semen) disorders as well as the remedy beneficial for the ''kshataksheena'' shall be applied for the alleviation of impotency.

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Whatever remedy mentioned by me for the [[shukra]] (semen) disorders as well as the remedy beneficial for the ''kshataksheena'' shall be applied for the alleviation of impotency.

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Indications are ''basti, ksheera-sarpi'' (combination of milk and ghee), ''vrishya yoga'' (aphrodisiac), & ''rasayana prayoga'' (rejuvenating medicines); all together shall be administered here for the treatment of impotency, caused by excess coitus, ''dhatu viparyaya'' (opposite qualities of body tissues), considering ''deha-bala'' (strength of the patient), ~~''dosha–bala''~~ (degree of ''dosha'' vitiation), ''agni-bala'' (power of agni) & ''bheshaja-kala'' (time of medicine administration).

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Indications are [[basti]], ksheera-sarpi (combination of milk and ghee), ''vrishya yoga'' (aphrodisiac), & [[rasayana]] prayoga (rejuvenating medicines); all together shall be administered here for the treatment of impotency, caused by excess coitus, [[dhatu]] viparyaya (opposite qualities of body tissues), considering deha-bala (strength of the patient), [[dosha]]–bala(degree of [[dosha]] vitiation), [[agni]]-bala (power of [[agni]]) & bheshaja-kala(time of medicine administration).

''Daivavyapashrya'' (spiritual) treatment modalities indicated in the impotency caused by exorcism. Altogether is the objective to alleviate the impotency.[192-195]

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The treatment of the impotency is being redescribed in detail. ''Snehana'' and ''swedana'' shall be done in the patient of impotency; along with the unctuous therapeutic purgation. After that either the patient shall be nourished or ''asthapana basti'' shall be given by the sound physician followed by the ''anuvasana basti''.

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The treatment of the impotency is being redescribed in detail. [[Snehana]] and [[swedana]] shall be done in the patient of impotency; along with the unctuous therapeutic purgation. After that either the patient shall be nourished or asthapana [[basti]] shall be given by the sound physician followed by the anuvasana [[basti]].

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''Asthapana basti'' shall be given with ''palasha'' (Butea sp), ''erandamoola'' (Ricinus root), ''musta'' (Cyprus rotundus) etc.

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Asthapana [[basti]] shall be given with ''palasha'' (Butea sp), ''erandamoola'' (Ricinus root), ''musta'' (Cyprus rotundus) etc.

The aphrodiasiac remedies mentioned earlier shall be used in impotency due to ''beejopaghata''.

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The impotency due to erectile dysfunction shall be treated with ''pradeha'' and ''parisheka'' or ''snehapana'', blood letting (''raktamokshana'') and therapeutic induction of purgation with unctuous medications. After ''virechana'' that is therapeutic purgation ''asthapana'' or ''anuvasana basti'' shall be administered and the treatment shall be planned similar to the treatment of wounds (''vrana'') in erectile dysfunction.

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The impotency due to erectile dysfunction shall be treated with pradeha and parisheka or snehapana, blood letting ([[raktamokshana]]) and therapeutic induction of purgation with unctuous medications. After [[virechana]] that is therapeutic purgation asthapana or anuvasana [[basti]] shall be administered and the treatment shall be planned similar to the treatment of wounds (vrana) in erectile dysfunction.

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Impotency secondary to the aging shall be treated as the ''kshayaja'' with ''snehana, swedana'' and unctuous purification therapies.

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Impotency secondary to the aging shall be treated as the ''kshayaja'' with [[snehana]], [[swedana]] and unctuous purification therapies.

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Cow milk, ghee, and aphrodisiac formulations aling with ''yapana basti, rasayana'' treatment are the remedies illustrated as the remedy for the impotency.[196-204]

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Cow milk, ghee, and aphrodisiac formulations aling with yapana [[basti]], [[rasayana]] treatment are the remedies illustrated as the remedy for the impotency.[196-204]

=== Menstrual disorders ===

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Now listen about the ''Pradara'' (menorrhagia) which has been mentioned earlier and its etiology etc. The woman who consumes excessive salty, sour, food heavy to digest, pungent,those causing burning sensation,unctous and fatty diets, meat of domestic and aquatic animals, cooked rice with pulse (''krishira''), rice cooked with milk (''payasa''), curd, vinegar (''shukta''), curd water(''mastu''), alcohol etc. causes vitiation of ''vata dosha''. Along with this, vitiated ''Rakta'' (because of above factors) increases its amount and such increased ''rakta'' stays in the ''artava vaha strotas'' and hence immediately increases the menstrual blood. The increased ''raja'' is by virtue of mixture with increased ''rakta''. The erudite (experts) named it as ''Asrigdara'' and because of excessive flow of menstrual blood it is called ''Pradara'' (menorrhagia). The general causes and symptoms of ''Pradara'' are directed here. [204-209]

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Now listen about the ''Pradara'' (menorrhagia) which has been mentioned earlier and its etiology etc. The woman who consumes excessive salty, sour, food heavy to digest, pungent,those causing burning sensation,unctous and fatty diets, meat of domestic and aquatic animals, cooked rice with pulse (''krishira''), rice cooked with milk (''payasa''), curd, vinegar (''shukta''), curd water(''mastu''), alcohol etc. causes vitiation of [[vata dosha]]. Along with this, vitiated [[Rakta]] (because of above factors) increases its amount and such increased ''rakta'' stays in the ''artava vaha strotas'' and hence immediately increases the menstrual blood. The increased ''raja'' is by virtue of mixture with increased [[rakta]]. The erudite (experts) named it as ''Asrigdara'' and because of excessive flow of menstrual blood it is called ''Pradara'' (menorrhagia). The general causes and symptoms of ''Pradara'' are directed here. [204-209]

==== Four types of ''pradara'' ====

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By description, ''pradara'' is classified in for types. Three by single ''dosha'' (~~''vataja~~, ~~pittaja~~, ~~kaphaja''~~) and the fourth type is by all three ~~''doshas''~~ (''sannipataja''). After this, I am describing the causes, symptoms and treatment of ''pradara roga''. [210]

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By description, ''pradara'' is classified in for types. Three by single [[dosha]] ([[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja) and the fourth type is by all three [[dosha]] (''sannipataja''). After this, I am describing the causes, symptoms and treatment of ''pradara roga''. [210]

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==== ''Vata'' dominant ''pradara'' ====

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==== [[Vata]] dominant ''pradara'' ====

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The vitiated ~~''vayu''~~ due to intake of dry diet etc, along with ''rakta'' (blood) causes ''pradara roga'' as aforesaid etiology. Now listen to the symptoms of ''vatika pradara''. The menstrual blood is frothy, thin, rough, dark (blackish), reddish, resembling water of ''palasha'' flower in colour, comes with or without pain. During menstruation, intense pain occurs in waist, groin, cardiac region, back, flanks and pelvic region this should be known as ~~''vataja~~ pradara''. [211-213]

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The vitiated [[vata]] due to intake of dry diet etc, along with [[rakta]] (blood) causes ''pradara roga'' as aforesaid etiology. Now listen to the symptoms of ''vatika pradara''. The menstrual blood is frothy, thin, rough, dark (blackish), reddish, resembling water of ''palasha'' flower in colour, comes with or without pain. During menstruation, intense pain occurs in waist, groin, cardiac region, back, flanks and pelvic region this should be known as [[vata]]ja pradara. [211-213]

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==== ''Pitta'' dominant ''pradara'' ====

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==== [[Pitta]] dominant ''pradara'' ====

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''Pitta'' is aggravated by intake of sour, hot, salty,alkaline things in excess, causes the ''pradara'' like aforesaid etiology. After this, listen about the symptoms of ~~''pittaja~~ pradara''. The menstrual blood is bluish, yellow or blackish in color, very hot, and it is discharged in profuse amount frequently with pain, burning, redness, thirst, mental confusion, fever and dizziness, it is known as ~~''pittaja~~ pradara''. Now ~~''kaphaja~~ pradara'' will be described. [214-216]

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[[Pitta]] is aggravated by intake of sour, hot, salty,alkaline things in excess, causes the ''pradara'' like aforesaid etiology. After this, listen about the symptoms of [[pitta]]ja pradara. The menstrual blood is bluish, yellow or blackish in color, very hot, and it is discharged in profuse amount frequently with pain, burning, redness, thirst, mental confusion, fever and dizziness, it is known as [[pitta]]ja pradara. Now [[kapha]]ja pradara will be described. [214-216]

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==== ''Kapha'' dominant ''pradara'' ====

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==== [[Kapha]] dominant ''pradara'' ====

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The vitiated ''kapha'' due to intake of heavy food or diet causes the ''pradara'' like condition and listen the exact symptoms of it. The menstrual blood flows out as greasy (slimy), pale, heavy, unctuous, cold, mixed with ''kapha,'' viscous and with mild pain. It is associated with vomiting, loss of appetite, alacrity or nausea, breathlessness and cough. (Further the general causes of vitiated milk will be described which are the causes of ~~''tridoshaja~~ pradara''). [217-219]

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The vitiated [[kapha]] due to intake of heavy food or diet causes the ''pradara'' like condition and listen the exact symptoms of it. The menstrual blood flows out as greasy (slimy), pale, heavy, unctuous, cold, mixed with [[kapha]], viscous and with mild pain. It is associated with vomiting, loss of appetite, alacrity or nausea, breathlessness and cough. (Further the general causes of vitiated milk will be described which are the causes of tri[[dosha]]ja pradara). [217-219]

==== ''Sannipataja Pradara'' ====

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If the different symptoms which are mentioned for ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' are present collectively then it is said to be ''sannipataja pradara''. When a women who is severely ill and anaemic is indulged in consuming diet capable of aggravating all ~~''doshas''~~, the intensely aggravated ~~vayu~~ due to use of all etiological factors, pushes out from the vagina ,the ''kapha'' which is responsible for strength . The discharge is foul smelling, slimy and yellow due to burning with the heat of ''pitta''. Along with this, the ''yoni'' also expels with force the muscle fat etc, burnt with pitta hence resembling like marrow and blood or fat. [220-223]

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If the different symptoms which are mentioned for [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] are present collectively then it is said to be ''sannipataja pradara''. When a women who is severely ill and anaemic is indulged in consuming diet capable of aggravating all [[dosha]], the intensely aggravated [[vata]] due to use of all etiological factors, pushes out from the vagina ,the [[kapha]] which is responsible for strength . The discharge is foul smelling, slimy and yellow due to burning with the heat of [[pitta]]. Along with this, the ''yoni'' also expels with force the muscle fat etc, burnt with [[pitta]] hence resembling like marrow and blood or fat. [220-223]

==== Signs of incurability in ''pradara'' ====

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If menstrual discharge (artava) comes after a month without stickiness (sliminess), burning sensation and pain, persists for five days, neither too little nor excess in quantity then it is considered as free from ~~''doshas''~~ or normal. In color, ''artava'' (menstrual blood) should be red like ''gunja'' fruit, red lotus flower or ''mahavara'' or red as ''indragopaka'' insect, such ''artava'' is considered as normal menstrual blood. [225-226]

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If menstrual discharge (artava) comes after a month without stickiness (sliminess), burning sensation and pain, persists for five days, neither too little nor excess in quantity then it is considered as free from [[dosha]] or normal. In color, [[artava]] (menstrual blood) should be red like ''gunja'' fruit, red lotus flower or ''mahavara'' or red as ''indragopaka'' insect, such ''artava'' is considered as normal menstrual blood. [225-226]

==== Treatment of ''pradara'' ====

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The treatment of ''vatala'' and other ''yonivyapat'' which has been mentioned earlier in this chapter, should also be administered in all four types of ''pradara roga'' respectively.[227]

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The treatment of vatala and other ''yonivyapat'' which has been mentioned earlier in this chapter, should also be administered in all four types of ''pradara roga'' respectively.[227]

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The excellent characteristics of foster mother (wet nurse), breast and breast milk have been described earlier. The ''stanya samjanana'' (galactogogue), purification of milk, symptoms of breast milk vitiated by ~~''vatadi~~ dosha'', symptoms and treatment of poor breast milk production, eight types of milk defects have been mentioned earlier. The eight types of breast milk morbidities are also caused by ''vata'' (and other) ''dosha'', which is known to physician well versed in knowledge of [[Ayurveda]]. Disciples are of three types, ''pravara'' (with high intelligence), ''madhyama'' (with mediocre intelligence) and ''avara'' (with low intelligence). Hence, for the knowledge of all three types of disciples, the details of these eight types of morbidities of breast milk is described in detail hereafter. [229-231]

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The excellent characteristics of foster mother (wet nurse), breast and breast milk have been described earlier. The ''stanya samjanana'' (galactogogue), purification of milk, symptoms of breast milk vitiated by [[vata]]di [[dosha]], symptoms and treatment of poor breast milk production, eight types of milk defects have been mentioned earlier. The eight types of breast milk morbidities are also caused by [[vata]] (and other) [[dosha]], which is known to physician well versed in knowledge of [[Ayurveda]]. Disciples are of three types, ''pravara'' (with high intelligence), ''madhyama'' (with mediocre intelligence) and ''avara'' (with low intelligence). Hence, for the knowledge of all three types of disciples, the details of these eight types of morbidities of breast milk is described in detail hereafter. [229-231]

==== Causes of ''Stanya dushti'' (abnormal breast milk) ====

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Due to indigestion, intake of unsuitable, irregular, excessive and contradictory food, excessive intake of salty, sour, pungent, alkaline and rotten substances, mental and physical stress, insomnia, awakening at night, anxiety, suppression of urges and propulsion of non occurring urges, frequent intake of ''parmanna'' (milk pudding), eatable substances prepared with jaggery and rice cooked with pulse (''khichari''), curd, slowly formed curd or which is not fully fermented, ''kapha'' stimulating food like those having "abhishyandi" property, meat of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals, daily sleeping during day time after having food, excess use of wine, lack of physical stress, injury, anger and emaciation of body as a result of chronic illness,~~''vatadi doshas''~~ get vitiated and they reach the milk carrying vessels and vitiate the breast milk, thus eight types of ''Stanyadushti'' are manifested. The clinical features of vitiated breast milk by different ~~''doshas''~~ will be described hereafter. [232-236]

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Due to indigestion, intake of unsuitable, irregular, excessive and contradictory food, excessive intake of salty, sour, pungent, alkaline and rotten substances, mental and physical stress, insomnia, awakening at night, anxiety, suppression of urges and propulsion of non occurring urges, frequent intake of ''parmanna'' (milk pudding), eatable substances prepared with jaggery and rice cooked with pulse (''khichari''), curd, slowly formed curd or which is not fully fermented, [[kapha]] stimulating food like those having "abhishyandi" property, meat of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals, daily sleeping during day time after having food, excess use of wine, lack of physical stress, injury, anger and emaciation of body as a result of chronic illness,[[vata]]di [[dosha]] get vitiated and they reach the milk carrying vessels and vitiate the breast milk, thus eight types of ''Stanyadushti'' are manifested. The clinical features of vitiated breast milk by different [[dosha]] will be described hereafter. [232-236]

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==== Signs of vitiation of breast milk as per ''dosha'' dominance ====

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==== Signs of vitiation of breast milk as per [[dosha]] dominance ====

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The breast milk vitiated by ''vata dosha'' shows abnormal taste, presence of froth and roughness; whereas ''pitta'' vitiated breast milk becomes discolored and foul smelling. Due to ''kapha,'' the breast milk becomes excessive unctuous, slimy and heavy in digestion. ~~''Vayu''~~ and other ~~''doshas''~~ are vitiated by intake of ununctuous and other dietary factors. These vitiated ~~''doshas''~~ reach the ''breast'' and adversely affect the taste of the milk. [237-238]

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The breast milk vitiated by [[vata dosha]] shows abnormal taste, presence of froth and roughness; whereas [[pitta]] vitiated breast milk becomes discolored and foul smelling. Due to [[kapha]], the breast milk becomes excessive unctuous, slimy and heavy in digestion. [[Vata]] and other [[dosha]] are vitiated by intake of ununctuous and other dietary factors. These vitiated [[dosha]] reach the breast and adversely affect the taste of the milk. [237-238]

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==== Signs of ''vata'' vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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==== Signs of [[vata]] vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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The aggravated ~~''vayu''~~ reaches the breast and churns the milk by which excessive froth is produced and hence such milk flows out of breast with great difficulty.[240]

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The aggravated [[vata]] reaches the breast and churns the milk by which excessive froth is produced and hence such milk flows out of breast with great difficulty.[240]

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By consuming the frothy milk, the child’s voice becomes feeble. His stool, urine and flatus are retained. He suffers from ''shirorogas'' due to ''vata'' and ''pinasa'' (chronic coryza). [241]

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By consuming the frothy milk, the child’s voice becomes feeble. His stool, urine and flatus are retained. He suffers from ''shirorogas'' due to [[vata]] and ''pinasa'' (chronic coryza). [241]

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The vitiated ~~''vayu''~~ due to consumption of rough food items etc, dries up unctuousness or fat of milk. If the child takes this harsh or rough milk, it causes the decrease in strength. [242]

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The vitiated [[vata]] due to consumption of rough food items etc, dries up unctuousness or fat of milk. If the child takes this harsh or rough milk, it causes the decrease in strength. [242]

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==== Signs of ''pitta'' vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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==== Signs of [[pitta]] vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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The vitiated ''pitta'' due to intake of hot items etc. reaches in the seat of milk and produces the discolored milk such as blue, yellow, black.[243]

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The vitiated [[pitta]] due to intake of hot items etc. reaches in the seat of milk and produces the discolored milk such as blue, yellow, black.[243]

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The vitiated ''pitta'' due to intake of ''pitta'' aggravating factors produces the foul smell in the milk. If the child consumes this kind of milk, he suffers from anemia and jaundice.[245]

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The vitiated [[pitta]] due to intake of [[pitta]] aggravating factors produces the foul smell in the milk. If the child consumes this kind of milk, he suffers from anemia and jaundice.[245]

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==== Signs of ''kapha'' vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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==== Signs of [[kapha]] vitiation in breast milk and baby ====

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The vitiated ''kapha'' due to intake of heavy substances or food items etc. reaches the breast of woman and makes it too unctuous because of its own unctuous quality.[246]

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The vitiated [[kapha]] due to intake of heavy substances or food items etc. reaches the breast of woman and makes it too unctuous because of its own unctuous quality.[246]

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The child who takes or consumes this too unctuous (''atisnigdha'') milk suffers from vomiting, gripping pain, and excessive salivation. As the channels are constantly filled or smeared with kapha, the child suffers from sleep, exhaustion, breathlessness, cough, excessive dribbling of saliva and darkness (''tamaka'').[247]

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The child who takes or consumes this too unctuous (''atisnigdha'') milk suffers from vomiting, gripping pain, and excessive salivation. As the channels are constantly filled or smeared with [[kapha]], the child suffers from sleep, exhaustion, breathlessness, cough, excessive dribbling of saliva and darkness (''tamaka'').[247]

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When ''kapha'' is vitiated or predominates with its own factors, it makes the breast milk slimy. The child who consumes this slimy milk suffers from the excessive salivation, swelling of face, dull eyes and becomes inactive .[248]

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When [[kapha]] is vitiated or predominates with its own factors, it makes the breast milk slimy. The child who consumes this slimy milk suffers from the excessive salivation, swelling of face, dull eyes and becomes inactive .[248]

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When aggravated ''Kapha'' which is heavy in attribute afflicts the breasts, it also causes heaviness in the milk. The child who consumes this kind of milk will suffer from heart disease and other various disorders are also caused by the heavy milk.(250)

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When aggravated [[Kapha]] which is heavy in attribute afflicts the breasts, it also causes heaviness in the milk. The child who consumes this kind of milk will suffer from heart disease and other various disorders are also caused by the heavy milk.(250)

==== Treatment of diseases due to vitiated breast milk ====

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When the breast milk is vitiated by aggravated ''vata'' and other ~~''doshas''~~, other various disorders specific to such ~~''doshas''~~ afflict the child.

+

When the breast milk is vitiated by aggravated [[vata]] and other [[dosha]], other various disorders specific to such [[dosha]] afflict the child.

The ''vaidya'' needs to purify the breast milk and for this, the mother or wet nurse should given massage and fomentation in a proper way and after that emesis should be done. [251]

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</div></div>

−

After proper emesis, ''dhatri'' (wet nurse) should be administered ''samsarjana kriya'' (diet as prescribed). She should be given purgation therapy after proper oleation, considering the ''dosha,'' season and strength of patient. [253]

+

After proper emesis, ''dhatri'' (wet nurse) should be administered ''samsarjana kriya'' (diet as prescribed). She should be given purgation therapy after proper oleation, considering the [[dosha]], season and strength of patient. [253]

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</div></div>

−

After proper purgation, again she should be given proper dietetic regimens (''sansarjana kriya'' should be performed) and for removal of the remaining ~~''doshas''~~, suitable diet and drinks should be given as follows. [256]

+

After proper purgation, again she should be given proper dietetic regimens (''sansarjana kriya'' should be performed) and for removal of the remaining [[dosha]], suitable diet and drinks should be given as follows. [256]

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</div></div>

−

The vitiation of ''dosha'', body elements, ''mala'' and the diseases which affect adults also affect children similarly, but in lesser degree.

+

The vitiation of [[dosha]], body elements, [[mala]] and the diseases which affect adults also affect children similarly, but in lesser degree.

Inapplicability of major purification procedures like emesis in children due to tender nature, dependency, inability to fully express themselves in speech and gestures, are the factors which a wise paediatrician should consider while prescribing the medicine for diseases of children.

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</div></div>

−

The disease which are not described here due to their various names and clinical presentations shall also be treated according to the dominance of ''dosha'', etc.factors (as mentioned earlier). [291]

+

The disease which are not described here due to their various names and clinical presentations shall also be treated according to the dominance of [[dosha]], etc.factors (as mentioned earlier). [291]

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</div></div>

−

The treatment that is opposite to ''dosha, dushya'' and ''nidana'' (causative factors) is always beneficial. The diseases that are told and untold here can be treated with proper implementation of this principle. [292]

+

The treatment that is opposite to [[dosha]], dushya and ''nidana'' (causative factors) is always beneficial. The diseases that are told and untold here can be treated with proper implementation of this principle. [292]

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</div></div>

−

The medicines shall be prescribed after due consideration of ''desha'' (habitat), ''kala'' (season), ''pramana'' (dosage), ''satmya'' (adaptability) and ''asatmya'' (non-adaptability). If this is properly considered, then it is ''pathya'' (beneficial to body systems). Otherwise it is non-beneficial. [293]

+

The medicines shall be prescribed after due consideration of ''desha'' (habitat), ''kala'' (season), ''pramana'' (dosage), [[satmya]](adaptability) and ''asatmya'' (non-adaptability). If this is properly considered, then it is ''pathya'' (beneficial to body systems). Otherwise it is non-beneficial. [293]

==== Routes of administration of medicine ====

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Ten slots or times of consuming medicines are described here. These include the two timings which are described in previous ''sutra'', before meals, in between meals, at the end of meals, frequently,before and after the intake of light food, medicine mixed with the morsel,medicine given along with each morsel and medicine administrated in between each morsel.[298]

−

==== Relation between time of administration and type of vitiated ''vata dosha'' ====

+

==== Relation between time of administration and type of vitiated [[vata dosha]] ====

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</div></div>

−

In vitiation of ''apana vayu'' medicines must be consumed before food , in vitiation of ''samana vayu'' food must be consumed in between meals, in ''vyana vayu'' vitiation early morning medication is advised and in ''udana vayu'' vitiation medicine is advised after meals. [299]

+

In vitiation of apana [[vayu]] medicines must be consumed before food , in vitiation of samana [[vayu]] food must be consumed in between meals, in vyana [[vayu] ]vitiation early morning medication is advised and in udana [[vayu]] vitiation medicine is advised after meals. [299]

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</div></div>

−

When ''prana vayu'' is vitiated medicines is to be advocated along with each morsel and in between two morsel. In diseases like ''shwasa, kasa, pippasa'' (thirst) frequent doses of medicines must be given. [300]

+

When prana [[vayu]] is vitiated medicines is to be advocated along with each morsel and in between two morsel. In diseases like ''shwasa, kasa, pippasa'' (thirst) frequent doses of medicines must be given. [300]

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</div></div>

−

The pattern of vitiation of ''dosha'' as per the seasonal variation, and what are the dietary do’s and don’ts and which treatment should be administered in which season is well elaborated previously in [[Sutra Sthana]]. [304]

+

The pattern of vitiation of [[dosha]] as per the seasonal variation, and what are the dietary do’s and don’ts and which treatment should be administered in which season is well elaborated previously in [[Sutra Sthana]]. [304]

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</div></div>

−

With reference to ''kālā'', the specific classification of diseases (as per the vitiation of ''Dosha'') during different seasons, day and night,different ages and different stages of digestion of food will be described hereafter.

+

With reference to ''kālā'', the specific classification of diseases (as per the vitiation of [[Dosha]]) during different seasons, day and night,different ages and different stages of digestion of food will be described hereafter.

−

In general, ~~''kaphaja''~~ disorders are manifested in ''vasanta ritu'', ~~''pittaja''~~ disorders appear during ''sharada ritu'' and ~~''vataja''~~ disorders manifest during ''varsha ritu''. [308-309]

+

In general, [[kapha]]ja disorders are manifested in ''vasanta ritu'', [[pitta]]ja disorders appear during ''sharada ritu'' and [[vata]]ja disorders manifest during ''varsha ritu''. [308-309]

−

==== Circadian rhythm of ''dosha'' disorders ====

+

==== Circadian rhythm of [[dosha]] disorders ====

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</div></div>

−

End of night, end of day, end of rainy season time is prone for ~~''vataja''~~ disorders. Beginning of day, morning and evening times is susceptible for ~~''kaphaja''~~ disorders and middle time of day is prone for ~~''pittaja''~~ disorders.[310]

+

End of night, end of day, end of rainy season time is prone for [[vata]]ja disorders. Beginning of day, morning and evening times is susceptible for [[kapha]]ja disorders and middle time of day is prone for [[pitta]]ja disorders.[310]

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</div></div>

−

In ''prathama vaya''(childhood), there is predominance of ''kapha''; in ''madhya vaya'' (youth and adulthood), there is predominance of ''pitta'' and in ''anta vaya'' (old age), there is predominance of ''vata dosha''. These ~~doshas~~ have a natural predominance as per the age of the person.[311]

+

In ''prathama vaya''(childhood), there is predominance of [[kapha]]; in ''madhya vaya'' (youth and adulthood), there is predominance of [[pitta]] and in ''anta vaya'' (old age), there is predominance of [[vata dosha]]. These [[dosha]] have a natural predominance as per the age of the person.[311]

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</div></div>

−

Taking into consideration the time of digestion of food, when it gets completely digested, that is at the end of digestion ~~''vataja''~~ disorders occur; in middle of digestion ~~''pittaja''~~ disorders manifest and immediately when food is under process of digestion ''kapha dosha'' dominant disorders may appear with more severity.[312]

+

Taking into consideration the time of digestion of food, when it gets completely digested, that is at the end of digestion [[vata]]ja disorders occur; in middle of digestion [[pitta]]ja disorders manifest and immediately when food is under process of digestion [[kapha dosha]] dominant disorders may appear with more severity.[312]

==== Importance of proper dosage ====

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As very small quantity of water cannot extinguish big fire, similarly small doses (insufficient dose) of medicine cannot inhibit or treat disease. Similarly excess water in field damages crop, the same way excess of medicine damages health of a person. Hence medicine should be given as per the status of disease; neither should it be given in very higher dose nor in very smaller doses to treat disease.[313-314]

−

==== ''Satmya'' (adaptability) as per habitat ====

+

==== [[Satmya]] (adaptability) as per habitat ====

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''Balhika'' means people living in ''balakha bukhara, shadwal, shulik, yawana'' and ''shaka''. They are habituated to the intake of''mamsa'' ( meat), ''godhuma''(wheat), ''madhvika'' ( alcoholic beverages), and they are indicated for ''Shastrakarma'' (surgery) and ''Agnikarma'' (cauterization).People from east are habituated to the use of fish while people living in ''sindha desha'' are accustomed to the intake of milk. Ashmaka and Avantika (Ujjain) residents are used with the consumption of oil and sour substances. People from Vidyanamalaya (Malabar region) are habituated to the intake of ''kanda mūla'' (rhizomes, tuber roots) and fruits. People from south are used with the intake of ''peya'' , and people from north are habituated to the consumption of ''mantha''. People from central part are accustomed to the use of ''yava, godhuma'' and ''gorasa''(milk).

−

Medicines must be administered along with the food which is ''satmya''(wholesome) to the patient . Medicines given with ''satmya'' food nourish the body quickly and do not create much untoward effects. The physician treating the patients simply with recepies, without consideration of ''desha'', ''kala'' etc.,may commit mistakes.[315-320]

+

Medicines must be administered along with the food which is [[satmya]](wholesome) to the patient . Medicines given with [[satmya] ]food nourish the body quickly and do not create much untoward effects. The physician treating the patients simply with recepies, without consideration of ''desha'', ''kala'' etc.,may commit mistakes.[315-320]

==== ''Viparitarthakari chikitsa'' (contradictory treatment) ====

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</div></div>

−

On the basis of age, strength, physical characters etc there are innumerable types or combinations.To manage the Dosha which is deeply seated into the tissue, many procedures which seems to be opposite or contradictory as per the classical concepts may have to be advocated. For example ''pitta'' which is ''ushna'' (hot) in nature is treated by ''sheeta'' (cold) procedures generally, but the deep seated vitiated ''pitta'' is to be treated by giving hot fomentation or poultice. If cold procedures are implemented in this condition, it may worsen the condition. Similarly , deep seated ''kapha dosha'' is to be treated with''sheeta'' procedures . Here,''Lepas'' made out of ''sheeta dravyas'' like ''chandana'' may be applied. Even though ''chandana'' is a ''sheeta dravya'',the ''lepa'' made out of superfine powder of ''chandana'' , if it is applied on the lesion, it will block the heat coming out of the skin. This accumulated heat creates burning at the site. In opposite, if ''lepa'' of ''agaru'' which is hot in nature is applied, it will impart coldness in that part. It is said that the stool of fly is having anti-emetic property but if someone consumes the fly,it will induces vomiting. Food substances if boiled or baked may get changed in their properties. Thus it’s important for a ''vaidya'', that he should not depend only on the properties of the ''yoga'' (formulation). He must consider all the ten factors discussed earlier along with different types of factors, their classification and some exceptional rules while treating the disorders. [321-326]

+

On the basis of age, strength, physical characters etc there are innumerable types or combinations.To manage the Dosha which is deeply seated into the tissue, many procedures which seems to be opposite or contradictory as per the classical concepts may have to be advocated. For example [[pitta]] which is ''ushna'' (hot) in nature is treated by ''sheeta'' (cold) procedures generally, but the deep seated vitiated [[pitta]] is to be treated by giving hot fomentation or poultice. If cold procedures are implemented in this condition, it may worsen the condition. Similarly , deep seated [[kapha dosha]] is to be treated with''sheeta'' procedures . Here,''Lepas'' made out of ''sheeta dravyas'' like ''chandana'' may be applied. Even though ''chandana'' is a ''sheeta dravya'',the ''lepa'' made out of superfine powder of ''chandana'' , if it is applied on the lesion, it will block the heat coming out of the skin. This accumulated heat creates burning at the site. In opposite, if ''lepa'' of ''agaru'' which is hot in nature is applied, it will impart coldness in that part. It is said that the stool of fly is having anti-emetic property but if someone consumes the fly,it will induces vomiting. Food substances if boiled or baked may get changed in their properties. Thus it’s important for a ''vaidya'', that he should not depend only on the properties of the ''yoga'' (formulation). He must consider all the ten factors discussed earlier along with different types of factors, their classification and some exceptional rules while treating the disorders. [321-326]

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As a small sparkle of fire flares up when it comes in contact with wind or wood and gets converted into huge flames of fire. Similarly in a weak body in which previously a disease pathology had occurred and it has just recovered from the disease, whenever it gets chance, the disease may again relapse the body. Hence for the better results of the medicines administered, ''pathya'' (wholesome diet) must be followed even after the disease symptoms are completely disappeared.

−

If strong or weak medicament has vitiated the ~~''doshas''~~internally, they can be pacified by following wholesome diet. If disease status aggravates even if wholesome diet is followed,then the diet pattern should be changed which may help to inhibit the progression of disease. If patient is bored from taking the same food or does not relish the food, then food should be prepared by different methods which will be liked by the patient.

+

If strong or weak medicament has vitiated the [[dosha]] internally, they can be pacified by following wholesome diet. If disease status aggravates even if wholesome diet is followed,then the diet pattern should be changed which may help to inhibit the progression of disease. If patient is bored from taking the same food or does not relish the food, then food should be prepared by different methods which will be liked by the patient.

If the food and other objects are liked by patient then only he gets satisfaction, enthusiasm, energy, taste, strength and happiness which reduces the influence of disease.

−

Greediness in eating, due to the inactivity of ~~''doshas''~~ or wrong disease process leads to loss of taste and appetite which can be corrected by wholesome diet and activity or change in the previously advised diet.[327-333]

+

Greediness in eating, due to the inactivity of [[dosha]] or wrong disease process leads to loss of taste and appetite which can be corrected by wholesome diet and activity or change in the previously advised diet.[327-333]

=== Summary ===

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</div></div>

−

In this chapter of [[Yonivyapat Chikitsa]] twenty types of ''yoni roga'', their causes, symptoms and treatment, eight types of disorders of ''veerya'' (semen), their causes, symptoms and treatment, four types of infertility and four types of ''pradara'' (vaginal discharges) their causes, symptoms and treatment, eight types of disorders of breast milk their causes, symptoms and its short and detail treatment, symptoms of ''shuddha shukra'' (normal semen) and ''shuddha artava'' (menstrual bleeding), management of explained and unexplained diseases, importance of place and time in treatment, six type of classification regarding time in general or the period regarding day, month, season etc, ''satmya'' of people residing in different area, how ''vaidya'' can cause error in conducting any treatment or procedure and treatment of deep seated ~~''doshas''~~are explained.

+

In this chapter of [[Yonivyapat Chikitsa]] twenty types of ''yoni roga'', their causes, symptoms and treatment, eight types of disorders of ''veerya'' (semen), their causes, symptoms and treatment, four types of infertility and four types of ''pradara'' (vaginal discharges) their causes, symptoms and treatment, eight types of disorders of breast milk their causes, symptoms and its short and detail treatment, symptoms of shuddha [[shukra]](normal semen) and shuddha [[artava]](menstrual bleeding), management of explained and unexplained diseases, importance of place and time in treatment, six type of classification regarding time in general or the period regarding day, month, season etc, [[satmya]] of people residing in different area, how ''vaidya'' can cause error in conducting any treatment or procedure and treatment of deep seated [[dosha]] are explained.

As a blind person cannot draw a good portrait, similarly that ''vaidya'' who doesn’t understand science and its interpretation cannot treat disease in a proper manner. [334-341]

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*The faulty lifestyle habits, vitiated menstrual blood, defects in ''beeja'' (ovum, causing hereditary or congenital defects) and the destiny are four causative factors for diseases of female genital tract.

−

*In addition to above, manifestation of ''yonivyapat'' (diseases of female genital tract) depends upon the vitiation of ~~''doshas''~~ due to their own causative factors.

+

*In addition to above, manifestation of ''yonivyapat'' (diseases of female genital tract) depends upon the vitiation of [[dosha]] due to their own causative factors.

*The manifestation of diseases of female genital tract can occur in two ways viz. structural abnormalities and functional abnormalities. This leads to defects in menstruation, difficulty in sexual intercourse, inability to conceive i.e. infertility or abortion.

*The diseases of female genital tract are influenced by various physiological factors like age, maturity, menstruation, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, labor, menopause and suppression of natural urges.

−

*''Vata'' plays important role in all conditions of ''yonivyapat'', because the genital tract is inherent seat of ''vata dosha''.

+

*[[Vata]] plays important role in all conditions of ''yonivyapat'', because the genital tract is inherent seat of [[vata dosha]].

−

*The genetic defects in female genital tract are mainly caused by improper diet and lifestyle of mother during pregnancy and vitiation of ''vata dosha''.

+

*The genetic defects in female genital tract are mainly caused by improper diet and lifestyle of mother during pregnancy and vitiation of [[vata dosha]].

−

*Assessment of dominance of ''dosha'' must be done before starting treatment of ''yonivyapat'', because the treatment and procedures are highly specific to vitiation of ''dosha''.

+

*Assessment of dominance of [[dosha]] must be done before starting treatment of ''yonivyapat'', because the treatment and procedures are highly specific to vitiation of [[dosha]].

−

*The treatment is based upon assessment of dominance of ''dosha'', its purification, general pacification and local procedures with ''dosha'' alleviating medicines.

+

*The treatment is based upon assessment of dominance of [[dosha]], its purification, general pacification and local procedures with [[dosha]] alleviating medicines.

*The purification procedures advocated in females shall always be mild in nature. Strong purification is contra-indicated in females.

*The local examination of female genital tract, vaginal discharge, vaginal structure (unctuousness or dryness, stiffness or flaccidity, displacement) shall always be done before designing treatment protocol.

−

*In ''rakta yoni'' (bleeding through the vagina), the color of bleeding should be observed for the association of ~~''doshas''~~ and hemostatic drugs should be used according to the involvement of ~~''doshas''~~. (86)

+

*In ''rakta yoni'' (bleeding through the vagina), the color of bleeding should be observed for the association of [[dosha]] and hemostatic drugs should be used according to the involvement of [[dosha]]. (86)

−

*When the genital tract is purified and the seeds (sperm and ovum) are normal (in their own form), undamaged, then the ''jeevatama'' or consciousness wants to come into the fetus (''garbha'') then women conceive. (125)

+

*When the genital tract is purified and the seeds (sperm and ovum) are normal (in their own form), undamaged, then the ''jeevatama'' or consciousness wants to come into the fetus ([[garbha]]) then women conceive. (125)

−

*In males, the ''shukra'' (semen) gets ejaculated as a result of excitement and is the sign of masculinity. The seed as an effect of delighted coitus, has been described as ''shukra'' (semen), is the male characteristic. As the seed has capacity of reproduction in favorable conditions, the ''shukra'' possess capacity of reproduction.

+

*In males, the [[shukra]] (semen) gets ejaculated as a result of excitement and is the sign of masculinity. The seed as an effect of delighted coitus, has been described as [[shukra]] (semen), is the male characteristic. As the seed has capacity of reproduction in favorable conditions, the [[shukra]] possess capacity of reproduction.

−

*Improper diet, improper lifestyle, psychological factors and improper sexual habits impair quality and quantity of ''shukra dhatu''.

+

*Improper diet, improper lifestyle, psychological factors and improper sexual habits impair quality and quantity of [[shukra dhatu]].

−

*''Fenilam'' (frothy), ''tanu'' (slender), ''ruksham'' (arid), ''vivarnam'' (discolored), ''pooti'' (putrid), ''pichhilam'' (slimy), afflicted with other ~~''dhatus''~~, & precipitant are the eight ''shukra'' disorders affected by vitiated ''dosha''.

+

*''Fenilam'' (frothy), ''tanu'' (slender), ''ruksham'' (arid), ''vivarnam'' (discolored), ''pooti'' (putrid), ''pichhilam'' (slimy), afflicted with other [[dhatu]], & precipitant are the eight [[shukra]] disorders affected by vitiated [[dosha]].

*''Retah'' (virile semen) that is ''snigdha'' (unctuousness), ''ghana'' (viscous), ''picchila'' (slimy), ''madhura'' (sweet), ''avidahi'' (non-blazing), looking like white crystal quartz; are characteristics of normal (semen).

*In case of diseases of semen, treatment principles with use of formulations mentioned in ''vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac), ''raktapitta'' and ''yonivyapat'' are applied.

*Impotency is caused by the ''beeja-upaghata'' (hereditary/congenital defect), ''dhwajopaghata'' (erectile dysfunction), ''jaraya'' (senility), ''shukrasamkshaya'' (diminished semen).

−

*The treatment mentioned for the ''shukra'' (semen) disorders as well as ''kshataksheena'' shall be applied for alleviation of impotency. Indications are ''basti, ksheera-sarpi'' (combination of milk and ghee), ''vrishya yoga''(aphrodisiac), & ''rasayana prayoga'' (rejuvenating medicines); all together shall be administered for the treatment of impotency, caused by excess coitus, ''dhatu viparyaya'', considering ''deha-bala'' (strength of the patient), ~~''dosha–bala''~~ (degree of ''dosha'' vitiation), ''agni-bala'' (power of ''agni'') & ''bheshaja-kala'' (time of medicine administration).

+

*The treatment mentioned for the [[shukra]] (semen) disorders as well as ''kshataksheena'' shall be applied for alleviation of impotency. Indications are [[basti]], ksheera-sarpi'' (combination of milk and ghee), ''vrishya yoga''(aphrodisiac), & ''rasayana prayoga'' (rejuvenating medicines); all together shall be administered for the treatment of impotency, caused by excess coitus, [[dhatu]] viparyaya, considering ''deha-bala'' (strength of the patient), [[dosha]]–bala (degree of [[dosha]] vitiation), [[agni]]-bala (power of [[agni]]) & ''bheshaja-kala'' (time of medicine administration).

−

*The vitiated ''dosha'' affect menstrual blood and increase quantity and duration of menstruation leading to ''pradara''. The clinical manifestations of ''pradara'' depend upon ''dosha'' dominance involved in pathogenesis.

+

*The vitiated [[dosha]] affect menstrual blood and increase quantity and duration of menstruation leading to ''pradara''. The clinical manifestations of ''pradara'' depend upon [[dosha]] dominance involved in pathogenesis.

−

*If menstrual discharge (''artava'') comes after a month without stickiness (sliminess), burning sensation and pain, persists for five days, neither too little nor excess in quantity then it is considered as free from ~~''doshas''~~ or normal. In color, ''artava'' (menstrual blood) should be red like ''gunja'' fruit, red lotus flower or ''mahavara'' or red as ''indragopaka'' insect, such ''artava'' is considered as normal menstrual blood. (225-226)

+

*If menstrual discharge ([[artava]]) comes after a month without stickiness (sliminess), burning sensation and pain, persists for five days, neither too little nor excess in quantity then it is considered as free from [[dosha]] or normal. In color, [[artava]] (menstrual blood) should be red like ''gunja'' fruit, red lotus flower or ''mahavara'' or red as ''indragopaka'' insect, such [[artava]] is considered as normal menstrual blood. (225-226)

*The treatment of ''pradara'' is as per principles of management for ''raktatisara'' (diarrhea with expulsion of blood), ''raktapitta'' (internal hemorrhage) and ''raktarsha'' (bleeding piles).

−

*The breast milk can be affected by vitiated ''dosha'' due to improper diet and lifestyle of mother or wet nurse. The clinical manifestation is observed in change in color and consistency of breast milk, signs on the breast milk fed baby and mother too. The treatment of mother or wet nurse is done in order to treat the defects.

+

*The breast milk can be affected by vitiated [[dosha]] due to improper diet and lifestyle of mother or wet nurse. The clinical manifestation is observed in change in color and consistency of breast milk, signs on the breast milk fed baby and mother too. The treatment of mother or wet nurse is done in order to treat the defects.

−

*The vitiation of ''dosha'', body elements, ''mala'' and the diseases which affect adults also affect children similarly, but to lesser degree.

+

*The vitiation of [[dosha]], body elements, [[mala]] and the diseases which affect adults also affect children similarly, but to lesser degree.

*The pediatrician should not administer emesis like purification procedures in children due to tender nature, dependency, inability to fully express themselves in speech and gestures. He should give only small doses of medicines as per the disease. Sweet decoction, medicated milk and medicines with mild potency shall be administered in children by wise pediatrician. The medicines, food and beverages with excess unctuousness, dryness, hot potency, sour, pungent in post digestive effect, and heavy to digest property are contraindicated in children. (282-286)

−

*The new diseases which are not described in this text due to their various names and clinical presentations shall also be treated according to the dominance of ''dosha'', etc.factors(as mentioned earlier). (291)

+

*The new diseases which are not described in this text due to their various names and clinical presentations shall also be treated according to the dominance of [[dosha]], etc.factors(as mentioned earlier). (291)

−

*The treatment that is opposite to ''dosha, dushya'' and ''nidana'' (causative factors) is always beneficial.

+

*The treatment that is opposite to [[dosha]], dushya and nidana (causative factors) is always beneficial.

−

*The medicines shall be prescribed after due consideration of ''desha'' (habitat), ''kala'' (season), ''pramana'' (dosage), ''satmya'' (adaptability) and ''asatmya'' (non-adaptability). If this is properly considered, then it is ''pathya'' (beneficial to body systems). Otherwise it is non-beneficial. (293)

+

*The medicines shall be prescribed after due consideration of ''desha'' (habitat), ''kala'' (season), ''pramana'' (dosage), [[satmya]] (adaptability) and ''asatmya'' (non-adaptability). If this is properly considered, then it is ''pathya'' (beneficial to body systems). Otherwise it is non-beneficial. (293)

−

*The medicines shall always be administered through nearest route to the site of affliction. If the ~~''doshas''~~ are located in stomach, then medicines shall be administered orally; if at head region, then through nose; and if at colon then medicines quickly act if given per rectum. The ~~''doshas''~~ at other body parts and diseases originated from them like ''visarpa, pidaka'' etc, shall be treated with ''pradeha'' etc. specific local pacification procedures. (294-295)

+

*The medicines shall always be administered through nearest route to the site of affliction. If the [[dosha]] are located in stomach, then medicines shall be administered orally; if at head region, then through nose; and if at colon then medicines quickly act if given per rectum. The [[dosha]] at other body parts and diseases originated from them like ''visarpa, pidaka'' etc, shall be treated with ''pradeha'' etc. specific local pacification procedures. (294-295)

*Medicines must be administered taking into consideration day (time), the diseased person, type of medicine, disease, digestive status, and season. The time of administration of medicine depends on the day like emetics should be given early in the morning.(296)

−

*The time of administration of drug depends upon circadian rhythm of ''dosha'', status of digestion, interaction with food and type of ''vata'' vitiated in body.

+

*The time of administration of drug depends upon circadian rhythm of [[dosha]], status of digestion, interaction with food and type of [[vata]] vitiated in body.

−

*In vitiation of ''apana vayu'' medicines must be consumed before food , in vitiation of ''samana vayu'' food must be consumed in between meals, in ''vyana vayu'' vitiation, early morning medication is advised and in ''udana vayu'' vitiation medicine is advised after meals. When ''prana vayu'' is vitiated medicines is to be advocated along with each morsel and in between two morsel. In diseases like ''shwasa, kasa, pipasa'' (thirst) frequent doses of medicines must be given.

+

*In vitiation of apana [[vayu]] medicines must be consumed before food , in vitiation of samana [[vayu]] food must be consumed in between meals, in vyana [[vayu]] vitiation, early morning medication is advised and in udana [[vayu]] vitiation medicine is advised after meals. When prana [[vayu]] is vitiated medicines is to be advocated along with each morsel and in between two morsel. In diseases like ''shwasa, kasa, pipasa'' (thirst) frequent doses of medicines must be given.

−

*Good appetite, natural passage of urges like stools and urine, lightness in the body and unobstructed ''vata dosha'' are the symptoms of ''jeerna'' (complete digestion).

+

*Good appetite, natural passage of urges like stools and urine, lightness in the body and unobstructed [[vata dosha]] are the symptoms of ''jeerna'' (complete digestion).

−

*Generally ~~''kaphaja''~~ disorders are manifested in ''vasanta ritu; pittaja'' disorders appear during ''sharada ritu'' and ~~''vataja''~~ disorders manifest during ''varsha ritu''. (308-309)

+

*Generally [[kapha]]ja disorders are manifested in ''vasanta ritu; pittaja'' disorders appear during ''sharada ritu'' and [[vata]]ja disorders manifest during ''varsha ritu''. (308-309)

−

*End of night, end of day, end of rainy season time is prone for ~~''vataja''~~ disorders. Beginning of day, morning and evening times is susceptible for ~~''kaphaja''~~ disorders and middle time of day is prone for ~~''pittaja''~~ disorders.(310)

+

*End of night, end of day, end of rainy season time is prone for [[vata]]ja disorders. Beginning of day, morning and evening times is susceptible for [[kapha]]ja disorders and middle time of day is prone for [[pitta]]ja disorders.(310)

−

*In ''prathama vaya'' (childhood), there is predominance of ''kapha''; in ''madhya vaya'' (youth and adulthood), there is predominance of ''pitta'' and in ''anta vaya'' (old age), there is predominance of ''vata dosha''. These ~~''doshas''~~ have a natural predominance as per the age of the person.(311)

+

*In prathama vaya(childhood), there is predominance of [[kapha]]; in ''madhya vaya'' (youth and adulthood), there is predominance of [[pitta]] and in ''anta vaya'' (old age), there is predominance of [[vata dosha]]. These [[dosha]] have a natural predominance as per the age of the person.(311)

−

*Taking into consideration the time of digestion of food, when it gets completely digested, that is at the end of food digestion ''vata dosha'' disorders occur; in middle of digestion ''pitta dosha'' disorders manifest and immediately when food is under process of digestion ''kapha dosha'' dominant disorder may appear.(312)

+

*Taking into consideration the time of digestion of food, when it gets completely digested, that is at the end of food digestion [[vata dosha]] disorders occur; in middle of digestion [[pitta dosha]] disorders manifest and immediately when food is under process of digestion [[kapha dosha]] dominant disorder may appear.(312)

*The treatment shall always consider adaptability of an individual to food, lifestyle and medicines as per ''desha''(habitat).

*The disease can relapse even after exposure to small amount of causative factors in an individual with weak strength. Hence for the better results of the medicines given before to treat the disease, ''pathya'' (wholesome diet) must be followed after the disease is completely treated.

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The four common factors responsible for ''yonivyapat'' are mentioned as :

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#''Mithyaachara'' – Faulty diet habits and unhygienic conditions with faulty sexual practices are responsible for vitiation of ''dosha'' leading to female reproductive system disorders.

+

#''Mithyaachara'' – Faulty diet habits and unhygienic conditions with faulty sexual practices are responsible for vitiation of [[dosha]] leading to female reproductive system disorders.

−

#''Pradushta artava'' – Menstruation is mirror of reproductive health. Any abnormality in menstrual cycle indicates pathology in the female reproductive system. Hence ''pradushta artava'' indicates any hormonal / organic pathology leading to menstrual abnormality.

+

# Pradushta [[artava]] – Menstruation is mirror of reproductive health. Any abnormality in menstrual cycle indicates pathology in the female reproductive system. Hence ''pradushta [[artava]] indicates any hormonal / organic pathology leading to menstrual abnormality.

#''Beeja dosha'' – Congenital anomalies occurs because of sperm or ovum defect. Here the word ''beeja'' refers to both male and female gametes.

#''Daiva'' – The deeds of the past are also held responsible for certain conditions related with the reproductive system. The unexplained factors of certain diseases can be considered as result of ''poorva janma karma'' (deeds of past life). [8]

−

==== ~~''Doshaja~~ yonivyapat'' ====

+

==== [[Dosha]]ja yonivyapat ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! scope="col"| ''Dosha''

+

! scope="col"| [[Dosha]]

! scope="col"| Clinical Correlation

|-

−

| rowspan="2"|~~''Vataja''~~

+

| rowspan="2"|[[Vata]]ja

| Dysmenorrhea

|-

| Endometriosis

|-

−

| rowspan="3"|~~''Pittaja''~~

+

| rowspan="3"|[[Pitta]]ja

| Trichomonas vaginalis

|-

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| Pelvic inflammatory disease

|-

−

| rowspan="2"| ~~''Kaphaja''~~

+

| rowspan="2"|[[Kapha]]ja

| Moniliasis

|-

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[16-37]

−

The complication of these diseases is infertility due to coital, vaginal, uterine and other factors. Along with the ~~''doshas''~~ which are aggravated and responsible for causing certain ailment of reproductive system also causes ailments of nearby systems like urinary, intestinal and rectum. [38-39]

+

The complication of these diseases is infertility due to coital, vaginal, uterine and other factors. Along with the [[dosha]] which are aggravated and responsible for causing certain ailment of reproductive system also causes ailments of nearby systems like urinary, intestinal and rectum. [38-39]

==== Principles of treatment of ''yonivyapat'' ====

−

The general line of treatment should be targeted towards the ''dosha'', hence ~~''vataja~~, ~~pittaja~~, ~~kaphaja~~ yonivypat'' should be treated accordingly with ''snehana swedana, raktapittahara sheeta, ruksha ushna'' therapies respectively. In all types of gynecological disorders, [[Panchakarma]] should be administered in mild form in order to eliminate the vitiated ~~''doshas''~~ and restoring normal reproductive health. Principles of surgical corrections of congenital anomalies and displaced organs are also given stating that the uterus which has been displaced from its original place should be regarded as ''shalya'' and the treatment of ''shalya'' is its removal. Hence this is the indication of hysterectomy in complete genital prolapse. The method of such procedure is not given in any classics. [41-46]

+

The general line of treatment should be targeted towards the [[dosha]], hence [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja yonivypat should be treated accordingly with [[snehana]] [[swedana]], raktapittahara sheeta, ruksha ushna therapies respectively. In all types of gynecological disorders, [[Panchakarma]] should be administered in mild form in order to eliminate the vitiated [[dosha]] and restoring normal reproductive health. Principles of surgical corrections of congenital anomalies and displaced organs are also given stating that the uterus which has been displaced from its original place should be regarded as ''shalya'' and the treatment of ''shalya'' is its removal. Hence this is the indication of hysterectomy in complete genital prolapse. The method of such procedure is not given in any classics. [41-46]

−

Local treatments like douching, fomentation, keeping oil tampon, vaginal suppositories, fumigation. Indications and method of preparation of such medicines in form of oil, ghee, suppository and others are described later. Other preparations are in the form of ''churna, vati, kwath'', oil, ghee are to be used orally or in the form of ''basti'' (medicated enema) or ''uttarabasti'' (administration of medicine in uterus through vaginal route) are given in detail. [47-114]

+

Local treatments like douching, fomentation, keeping oil tampon, vaginal suppositories, fumigation. Indications and method of preparation of such medicines in form of oil, ghee, suppository and others are described later. Other preparations are in the form of ''churna, vati, kwath'', oil, ghee are to be used orally or in the form of [[basti]](medicated enema) or ''uttarabasti'' (administration of medicine in uterus through vaginal route) are given in detail. [47-114]

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The importance of ''vata dosha'' in causing female reproductive tract disorders is highlighted as the location of genital organs is also the seat of ''apana vayu'' and all the functions like menstruation, pregnancy, labor are governed by ''apana vayu''. Hence considering the crucial role of ''vata'', the treatment should be aimed at ''vata'' alleviation along with other therapies.[114-116]

+

The importance of [[vata dosha]] in causing female reproductive tract disorders is highlighted as the location of genital organs is also the seat of apana [[vayu]] and all the functions like menstruation, pregnancy, labor are governed by apana [[vayu]]. Hence considering the crucial role of [[vata]], the treatment should be aimed at [[vata]] alleviation along with other therapies.[114-116]

The soul resides when the genital organs are cleansed with all therapies and the male and female gamete are favorable for conception and best. [126]

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==== Male genital tract and its disorders ====

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By ''retovaha srotas'' the pathway through which the semen flows out shall be considered; which can be correlated to the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct. ''Retovaha srotas'' has been discussed separately to make it understand that is is different than ''shukravaha srotas''. As mentioned earlier ''shukravaha srotas'' comprises of ''medhra'' (the penis) and ''vrishana'' (the scrotum), which is referred for stationary semen; while ''retas'' is the word for virile semen, that is flowing semen. Therefore the words ''shukra'' and ''retas'' have been used separately in different context as per the suitability and the intention of description. [133-139]

+

By ''retovaha srotas'' the pathway through which the semen flows out shall be considered; which can be correlated to the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct. ''Retovaha srotas'' has been discussed separately to make it understand that is is different than ''shukravaha srotas''. As mentioned earlier ''shukravaha srotas'' comprises of ''medhra'' (the penis) and ''vrishana'' (the scrotum), which is referred for stationary semen; while ''retas'' is the word for virile semen, that is flowing semen. Therefore the words [[shukra]] and ''retas'' have been used separately in different context as per the suitability and the intention of description. [133-139]

===== Abnormal semen =====

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====== The characteristics of abnormal semen ======

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The ''shukra dushti'' has been mentioned as of eight types by Sushruta, although the nomenclature is different.

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The [[shukra]] dushti has been mentioned as of eight types by Sushruta, although the nomenclature is different.

−

'''Table : 1 Classification of ''shukra dushti'' according to Sushruta<ref>Sushruta. Sharira Sthana, Cha.2 Shukrashonitashuddhi Sharira Adhyaya verse 2-3. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref> and ''Ashtanga Sangraha'''''

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'''Table : 1 Classification of [[shukra]] dushti according to Sushruta<ref>Sushruta. Sharira Sthana, Cha.2 Shukrashonitashuddhi Sharira Adhyaya verse 2-3. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref> and ''Ashtanga Sangraha'''''

{| class="wikitable"

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! scope="col"| Clinical Conditions

|-

−

| ''Vata dushta''

+

| [[Vata]] dushta

−

| ''Aruna, krishna varna, phenila, tanu, rooksha, alpa, vilambita vedana yukta''

+

| Aruna, krishna varna, phenila, tanu, rooksha, alpa, vilambita vedana yukta

| Oligospermia and azospermia, injury, chronic inflammation, low fructose, obstruction in seminal vesicle

|-

−

| ''Pitta dushta''

+

| [[Pitta]] dushta

−

| ''Neela varna, ushna, putigandha, daha chosha'' type of pain during ejaculation

+

| Neela varna, ushna, putigandha, daha chosha type of pain during ejaculation

| Acute prostitis

|-

−

| ~~''Sleshma~~ dushta''

+

| [[Kapha]] dushta

−

| ''Shukla varna, atipicchila, prabuta, kandu yukta, visra gandha''

+

| Shukla varna, atipicchila, prabuta, kandu yukta, visra gandha

| Chronic inflammatory condition, hypofunction of male sex accessory glands

|-

−

| ''Kunapa – Shonita dushta''

+

| Kunapa – Shonita dushta

| Cadaver smelling, ''analpa'', associated with ''osha'' and ''chosha''

| Hemospermia (benign prostate hypertrophy) or acute injury to external genitals.

|-

−

| ~~''Granthi–Kapha~~ vata dushta''

+

| Granthi–[[Kapha]] [[vata]] dushta

| Clot formation

| Prostatic dysfunction and inflammation

|-

−

| ''Putipuya - pitta kapha dushta''

+

| Putipuya - [[pitta]] [[kapha]] dushta

| Foul smelling, semen containing ''puya''

| Pyospermia, Chalmydia infection, STD

|-

−

| ''Kshina – pitta vata dushta''

+

| Kshina – [[pitta]] [[vata]] dushta

| Hypospermia and oligospermia

| Decreased semen volume because of obstruction in seminal vesicle.

|-

−

| ''Mutrapurishagandhi - ~~Tridosha''~~

+

| Mutrapurishagandhi - Tri[[dosha]]

| Semen with smell of urine and feces

| Carcinoma, recto – genital urinary tract fistula

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===== Characteristics of normal semen =====

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The ''shuddha shukra'' should be white like ''sphatika'', liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.

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The shuddha [[shukra]] should be white like ''sphatika'', liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.

Following are the criteria for normal semen according to modern science:

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These temporal characteristics of cardiovascular disease indicate the importance of careful timing in their assessment, monitoring, and treatment (120). [299]

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== References ==

Eganeesh

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