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{{#seo:

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|title=Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya

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|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Adana kala, seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, ritu(season), satmya(adaptability), seasonal regimen, bala, strength in seasons, immunity, visarga kala,ecology,bio-physical environment, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

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|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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|image_alt=carak samhita

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|type=article

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}}

<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 6. Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle '''</big>

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~~<big>'''Abstract'''</big>~~

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<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle for preservation of health. The year is divided into seasons based upon the changes in environmental conditions, changes in temperature, change in day-night cycle and circadian rhythm. Being an integral unit of the nature, these seasonal changes in nature affect human physiology too. Therefore, one must follow the specific regimen for maintaining the equilibrium of body components in harmony with nature. The seasonal regimen is designed on the basis of changes in the [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength), and [[agni]] (digestive power). This chapter continues the study of dietary regimen from the preceding chapters by adding the dimension of time and seasonal variations to it. </div>

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'''Keywords''': [[Adana kala]], seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, [[ritu]](season), [[satmya]](adaptability), seasonal regimen, [[bala]], strength in seasons, immunity, [[visarga kala]],ecology,bio-physical environment.

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~~</div>~~

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{{Infobox

|title = Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya

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|label5 = Other Sections

|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

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|label6 = Translator and commentator

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|data6 = Nathani N.

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|label7 = Reviewer

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|data7 = Reddy P.S.

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|label8 = Editors

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|data8 = Reddy P.S., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

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|label9 = Year of publication

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|data9 = 2020

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|label10 = Publisher

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|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

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|label11 = DOI

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|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.008 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.008]

}}

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter describes seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle for preservation of health. The year is divided into seasons based upon the changes in environmental conditions, temperature, day-night cycle and circadian rhythm. Being an integral unit of the nature, these seasonal changes in nature affect human physiology too. Therefore, one must follow the specific regimen for maintaining the equilibrium of body components in harmony with nature. The seasonal regimen is designed on the basis of changes in the [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength), and [[agni]] (digestive power). This chapter continues the study of dietary regimen from the preceding chapters by adding the dimension of time and seasonal variations to it. </br>

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=== Introduction ===

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'''Keywords''': [[Adana kala]], seasonal diet and lifestyle, regimen, [[ritu]](season), [[satmya]](adaptability), seasonal regimen, [[bala]], strength in seasons, immunity, [[visarga kala]],ecology,bio-physical environment.

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</p>

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== Introduction ==

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The primary objective of Ayurveda is to maintain good health. [[Ahara]] (diet) is the main basis of life, which should be taken in proper quantity and quality to maintain equilibrium and to promote strength, lustre and healthy long life. It has been observed that a person taking food even in proper quantity may suffer from diseases in different seasons. This implies that apart from the quantity of [[ahara]] (diet), the knowledge of regimen for different seasons also plays a significant role in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases.

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The primary objective of [[Ayurveda]] is to maintain good health. [[Ahara]] (diet) is the main basis of life, which should be taken in proper quantity and quality to maintain equilibrium and to promote strength, lustre and healthy long life. It has been observed that a person taking food even in proper quantity may suffer from diseases in different seasons. This implies that apart from the quantity of [[ahara]] (diet), the knowledge of regimen for different seasons also plays a significant role in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases.

A person who has the knowledge of appropriate food articles and activities applicable to specific seasons and also the discipline and inclination to practice them (in accordance with those seasons) stays healthy. Whereas a person without knowledge (or with limited knowledge) of wholesome regimen for different seasons or without the discipline or temperament of following these seasonal practices is likely to suffer from various diseases. Seeking this objective, the chapter describes [[ahara]] (diet) and [[vihara]] (lifestyle) to be followed in different seasons. The way we eat, exercise, rest, sleep, think, plan, carry out our routine work, and behave with others - are collectively termed 'Lifestyle'. In Indian subcontinent, there are six seasons in the year on the basis of the position of the Sun with respect to the Earth. The qualities of different seasons need to be understood in three aspects viz. [[masa]] (month), [[rashi]] (stellar constellations) and characteristic features pertaining to the season. While prescribing regimen for different seasons, importance should be given first to the appearance of characteristic features in the prevailing season, then to the [[rashi]] and finally to the [[masa]].

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Health is a state of dynamic equilibrium between a man and his environment~~. The moment this~~ [[Loka-Purusha Samya]] gets disturbed, [[dosha]] get imbalanced to cause diseases. The basic concept of prevention and cure of diseases is based on the [[tridosha]] (collective term for [[vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] [[dosha]]) theory. A particular rhythmic pattern of the three [[dosha]] i.e. [[sanchaya]] ~~(accumulation~~), [[prakopa]] ~~(aggravation~~) and [[prashama]] ~~(alleviation~~) occur in relation to six seasons, when the Sun changes from one [[rashi]] to the other. Six different [[rasa]] present in our food have direct effect on three [[dosha]]. [[Ritusatmya]] ~~(seasonal adaptation~~) is described under [[ritucharya]] ~~(seasonal regimen~~), which is the variation in [[ahara]] and [[vihara]] to balance rhythmic seasonal variations of [[dosha]], [[bala]], [[agni]], and [[rasa]] etc. through the concept of [[samanya]] and [[vishesha]]. Knowledge and regular observance of suitable [[ritucharya]] ([[ahara]] and [[vihara]] for different seasons) is mainly for the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. For diseased persons [[ritucharya]] need to be modified accordingly.

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Health is a state of dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment ([[Loka-Purusha Samya]]). The moment this equilibrium gets disturbed, [[dosha]] get imbalanced to cause diseases. The basic concept of prevention and cure of diseases is based on the [[tridosha]] (collective term for [[vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] [[dosha]]) theory. A particular rhythmic pattern of the three [[dosha]] i.e. accumulation ([[sanchaya]]), aggravation ([[prakopa]]) and alleviation ([[prashama]]) occur in relation to six seasons, when the Sun changes from one [[rashi]] to the other. Six different taste[[rasa]] present in our food have direct effect on three [[dosha]]. Seasonal adaptation ([[Ritusatmya]]) is described under seasonal regimen ([[ritucharya]]), which is the variation in diet ([[ahara]]) and lifestyle ([[vihara]]) to balance rhythmic seasonal variations of [[dosha]], [[bala]], [[agni]], and [[rasa]] etc. through the concept of [[samanya]] and [[vishesha]]. Knowledge and regular observance of suitable [[ritucharya]] ([[ahara]] and [[vihara]] for different seasons) is mainly for the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. For diseased persons [[ritucharya]] need to be modified accordingly.

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[[Adana kala]] or [[uttarayana]] ~~(northward movement of the Sun~~) includes [[shishira]] ~~(late winter~~), [[vasanta]] ~~(spring~~) and [[grishma]] ~~(summer~~) seasons . [[visarga kala]] or [[dakshinayana]] ~~(southward movement of the Sun~~) includes [[varsha]] ~~(rainy~~), [[sharad]] ~~(autumn~~) and [[hemanta]] ~~(early winter~~) seasons. In these seasons, there are specific changes in atmospheric conditions which influence changes in [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength) and [[agni]] (digestive power). These atmospheric changes affect all living beings in the universe. Due to changes in the external environment, the [[tridosha]] pass through three different phases i.e. [[sanchaya]] (accumulation), [[prakopa]] (aggravation) and [[prashama]] (alleviation). The period of change in season is termed as [[ritusandhi]]. In this period, gradual decrease in diet and lifestyle of earlier season and gradual adaptation of the diet and lifestyle regimen of next season is advised to prevent the disorders due to change in season.

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Northward movement of the Sun ([[Adana kala]] or [[uttarayana]]) includes, late winter ([[shishira]]), spring ([[vasanta]]) and summer ([[grishma]]) seasons . Southward movement of the Sun ([[visarga kala]] or [[dakshinayana]]) includes rainy ([[varsha]]), autumn ([[sharad]]) and early winter ([[hemanta]]) seasons. In these seasons, there are specific changes in atmospheric conditions which influence changes in [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength) and [[agni]] (digestive power). These atmospheric changes affect all living beings in the universe. Due to changes in the external environment, the [[tridosha]] pass through three different phases i.e. [[sanchaya]] (accumulation), [[prakopa]] (aggravation) and [[prashama]] (alleviation). The period of change in season is termed as [[ritusandhi]]. In this period, gradual decrease in diet and lifestyle of earlier season and gradual adaptation of the diet and lifestyle regimen of next season is advised to prevent the disorders due to change in season.

The concepts of [[satmya]] and [[okasatmya]] have been explained with respect to the adaptability. Any naturally suitable food or behavior beneficial to the self is considered as [[satmya]]. [[Okasatmya]] is anything unnatural, unacceptable and acquired habituation to food and lifestyle. Even though, it has become a habit, it should be stopped gradually.

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</div>

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=== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ===

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== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

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अथातस्तस्याशितीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१|| इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

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Athātastasyāśitīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| Iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||

athAtastasyAshitIyamadhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1|| iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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</div></div>

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Now I shall expound the chapter on Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle. Thus, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

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Now we shall expound the chapter "Tasyashiteeya" (Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Benefits of following seasonal regimen ====

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तस्याशिताद्यादाहाराद्बलं वर्णश्च वर्धते|

यस्यर्तुसात्म्यं विदितं चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्||३||

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Tasyāśitādyādāhārādbalaṁ varṇaśca vardhatē|

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tasyAshitAdyAdAhArAdbalaM varNashca vardhate|

yasyartusAtmyaM viditaM ceShTAhAravyapAshrayam||3||

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</div></div>

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~~A person~~ who knows ~~the [[ritusatmya]] (~~seasonal ~~adaptations), i.e., getting accustomed to suitable changes in diet~~ and lifestyle ~~according to seasons, and practices such habits accordingly, and whose diet consists of~~ various types of food articles (~~with properties such as~~ [[ashita]] ,[[khadita]], [[pita]] and [[lidha]])~~, has his strength and lustre enhanced, and he leads a healthy, long life~~.[3]

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The vigor and complexion is promoted in a man who knows and follows seasonal dietary and lifestyle regimen. The dietary includes various types of food articles which are eatable([[ashita]]), chewable ([[khadita]]), drinkable ([[pita]]) and lickable ([[lidha]]).[3]

</div>

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==== Six seasons according to (the position of the) Sun ====

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=== Six seasons according to (the position of the) Sun ===

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इह खलु संवत्सरं षडङ्गमृतुविभागेन विद्यात्|

तत्रादित्यस्योदगयनमादानं च त्रीनृतूञ्छिशिरादीन् ग्रीष्मान्तान् व्यवस्येत्, वर्षादीन् पुनर्हेमन्तान्तान् दक्षिणायनं विसर्गं च||४||

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Iha khalu saṁvatsaraṁ ṣaḍaṅgamr̥tuvibhāgēna vidyāt|

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iha khalu saMvatsaraM ShaDa~ggamRutuvibhAgena vidyAt|

tatrAdityasyodagayanamAdAnaM ca trInRutU~jchishirAdIn grIShmAntAn vyavasyet, varShAdIn punarhemantAntAn dakShiNAyanaM visargaM ca||4||

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</div></div>

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A year ([[samvatsara]]) is divided into six parts (by seasons). Among them, when the Sun is in a position ~~of [[uttarayana]] (northward~~ to the Earth), that part of the year is called [[adana kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from ~~[[shishira]] to [[grishma]] (~~[[shishira]], [[vasanta]] and [[grishma]]).

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A year ([[samvatsara]]) is divided into six parts by seasons. Among them, when the Sun is in northward position to the Earth, that part of the year is called [[adana kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[shishira]], [[vasanta]] and [[grishma]].

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When the Sun is in a position of ~~[[dakshinayana]] (~~southwards of the Earth), the period is called [[visarga kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from ~~[[varsha]] to [[hemanta]] (~~[[varsha]], [[sharad]] and [[hemanta]]). This segmentation of the year (by seasons) is for the purpose of [[swasthavritta]] (healthy regimen) in different seasons.[4]

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When the Sun is in a position of southwards of the Earth, the period is called [[visarga kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[varsha]], [[sharad]] and [[hemanta]]. This segmentation of the year (by seasons) is for the purpose of [[swasthavritta]] (healthy regimen) in different seasons.[4]

</div>

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===== [[Adana kala]] (the period with lesser strength) and [[visarga kala]] (the period with good strength) =====

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==== [[Adana kala]] (the period with lesser strength) and [[visarga kala]] (the period with good strength) ====

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विसर्गे पुनर्वायवो नातिरूक्षाः प्रवान्ति, इतरे पुनरादाने; सोमश्चाव्याहतबलः शिशिराभिर्भाभिरापूरयञ्जगदाप्याययति शश्वत्, अतो विसर्गः सौम्यः|

आदानं पुनराग्नेयं; तावेतावर्कवायू सोमश्च कालस्वभावमार्गपरिगृहीताः कालर्तुरसदोषदेहबलनिर्वृत्तिप्रत्ययभूताःसमुपदिश्यन्ते||५||

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Visargē punarvāyavō nātirūkṣāḥ pravānti, itarē punarādānē; sōmaścāvyāhatabalaḥśiśirābhirbhābhirāpūrayañjagadāpyāyayati śaśvat, atō visargaḥ saumyaḥ|

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visarge punarvAyavo nAtirUkShAH pravAnti, itare punarAdAne; somashcAvyAhatabalaH shishirAbhirbhAbhirApUraya~jjagadApyAyayati shashvat, ato visargaHsaumyaH|

AdAnaM punarAgneyaM; tAvetAvarkavAyU somashca kAlasvabhAvamArgaparigRuhItAH kAlarturasadoShadehabalanirvRuttipratyayabhUtAH samupadishyante||5||

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</div></div>

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In [[visarga kala]] (period of emission) the wind is not as dry as it is in [[adana kala]]. In this [[visarga kala]] the power of moon is dominant (as it is nearer to the earth), and it continuously replenishes/delights the world with its cooling rays. Hence, [[visarga kala]] is inherently [[saumya]] ~~(soothing~~).

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In [[visarga kala]] (period of emission) the wind is not as dry as it is in [[adana kala]]. In this [[visarga kala]] the power of moon is dominant (as it is nearer to the earth), and it continuously replenishes/delights the world with its cooling rays. Hence, [[visarga kala]] is inherently soothing ([[saumya]]).

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Contrary to this, [[adana kala]] is inherently [[agneya]] ~~(heating~~). The Sun, wind and the Moon all are governed by time, and the path they follow in a year is responsible for different variations of [[kala]] (time), [[ritu]] (seasons), [[rasa]] (tastes), [[dosha]] and [[deha]] [[bala]] (body strength).[5]

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Contrary to this, [[adana kala]] is inherently hot ([[agneya]]). The Sun, wind and the Moon all are governed by time, and the path they follow in a year is responsible for different variations of [[kala]] (time), [[ritu]] (seasons), [[rasa]] (tastes), [[dosha]] and [[deha]] [[bala]] (body strength).[5]

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===== Effect of [[adana kala]] =====

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==== Effect of [[adana kala]] ====

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तत्र रविर्भाभिराददानो जगतः स्नेहं वायवस्तीव्ररूक्षाश्चोपशोषयन्तः शिशिरवसन्तग्रीष्मेषु

यथाक्रमं रौक्ष्यमुत्पादयन्तो रूक्षान् रसांस्तिक्तकषायकटुकांश्चाभिवर्धयन्तो नृणां दौर्बल्यमावहन्ति||६||

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Tatra ravirbhābhirādadānō jagataḥ snēhaṁ vāyavastīvrarūkṣāścōpaśōṣayantaḥ śiśiravasantagrīṣmēṣuyathākramaṁ raukṣyamutpādayantō rūkṣān rasāṁstiktakaṣāyakaṭukāṁścābhivardhayantō nr̥ṇāṁdaurbalyamāvahanti||6||

tatra ravirbhAbhirAdadAno jagataH snehaM vAyavastIvrarUkShAshcopashoShayantaH shishiravasantagrIShmeShu yathAkramaM raukShyamutpAdayanto rUkShAnrasAMstiktakaShAyakaTukAMshcAbhivardhayanto nRuNAM daurbalyamAvahanti||6||

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</div></div>

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In [[adana kala]] the Sun with its hot rays absorbs moisture from the environment. The excessively dry wind by virtue of its absorbing quality further causes dryness in [[shishira]], [[vasanta]], and [[grishma]] seasons progressively, leading to the predominance of [[tikta]], [[~~Kashaya~~]], and [[katu]] [[rasa]] respectively and gradual increase of weakness in human beings during these three seasons. [6]

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In [[adana kala]] the Sun with its hot rays absorbs moisture from the environment. The excessively dry wind by virtue of its absorbing quality further causes dryness in [[shishira]], [[vasanta]], and [[grishma]] seasons progressively, leading to the predominance of [[tikta]], [[kashaya]], and [[katu]] [[rasa]] respectively and gradual increase of weakness in human beings during these three seasons. [6]

</div>

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===== Effect of [[visarga kala]] =====

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==== Effect of [[visarga kala]] ====

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वर्षाशरद्धेमन्तेषु तु दक्षिणाभिमुखेऽर्के कालमार्गमेघवातवर्षाभिहतप्रतापे, शशिनि

चाव्याहतबले, माहेन्द्रसलिलप्रशान्तसन्तापे जगति, अरूक्षा रसाः प्रवर्धन्तेऽम्ललवणमधुरा यथाक्रमं तत्र बलमुपचीयते नृणामिति||७||

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Varṣāśaraddhēmantēṣu tu dakṣiṇābhimukhē'rkē kālamārgamēghavātavarṣābhihatapratāpē, śaśinicāvyāhatabalē, māhēndrasalilapraśāntasantāpē jagati, arūkṣā rasāḥ pravardhantē'mlalavaṇamadhurāyathākramaṁ tatra balamupacīyatē nr̥ṇāmiti||7||

varShAsharaddhemanteShu tu dakShiNAbhimukhe~arke kAlamArgameghavAtavarShAbhihatapratApe, shashini cAvyAhatabale, mAhendrasalilaprashAntasantApejagati, arUkShA rasAH pravardhante~amlalavaNamadhurA yathAkramaM tatra balamupacIyate nRuNAmiti||7||

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</div></div>

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In [[varsha]], [[sharad]] and [[hemanta]] [[ritu]], the Sun is situated in southwards position and its heat slackens due to the effect of time, its position with respect to the Earth, clouds, wind and rain. The power of the Moon is predominant. Rainwater diminishes the heating effect of nature. All of these lead to the predominance of non-dry, [[amla]] (sour), [[lavana]] (salty), and [[madhura]] (sweet) [[rasa]] respectively and gradual increase of body strength in human beings during these three seasons. [7]

</div>

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===== Seasonal variation in strength =====

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==== Seasonal variation in strength ====

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भवन्ति चात्र-

आदावन्ते च दौर्बल्यं विसर्गादानयोर्नृणाम्|

मध्ये मध्यबलं, त्वन्ते श्रेष्ठमग्रे च निर्दिशेत्||८||

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Bhavanti cātra-

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AdAvante ca daurbalyaM visargAdAnayornRuNAm|

madhye madhyabalaM, tvante shreShThamagre ca nirdishet||8||

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</div></div>

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</div>

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==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[Hemanta]] [[ritu]] (Winter season) ====

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=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[Hemanta]] [[ritu]] (Winter season) ===

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=====Status of [[agni]] =====

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====Status of [[agni]] ====

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शीते शीतानिलस्पर्शसंरुद्धो बलिनां बली|

पक्ता भवति हेमन्ते मात्राद्रव्यगुरुक्षमः||९||

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śītē śītānilasparśasaṁruddhō balināṁ balī|

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shIte shItAnilasparshasaMruddho balinAM balI|

paktA bhavati hemante mAtrAdravyagurukShamaH||9||

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</div></div>

During [[sheeta]] [[kala]] ([[hemanta]]) due to the contact of cold wind, the [[agni]] (digestive power) of strong/healthy individuals gets trapped in the body (like in a closed chamber) and becomes strong or powerful enough to digest food that is inherently heavy and excess in quantity. [9]

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स यदा नेन्धनं युक्तं लभते देहजं तदा|

रसं हिनस्त्यतो वायुः शीतः शीते प्रकुप्यति||१०||

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sa yadā nēndhanaṁ yuktaṁ labhatē dēhajaṁ tadā|

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sa yadA nendhanaM yuktaM labhate dehajaM tadA|

rasaM hinastyato vAyuH shItaH shIte prakupyati||10||

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</div></div>

If adequate food is not made available to the body, then this increased [[agni]] consumes/absorbs the [[rasa]](the intrinsic fluids of the body). [[Vata]] having [[sheeta]] (cold) property gets vitiated in this cold season.[10]

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=====Diet and beverages in winter season=====

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====Diet and beverages in winter season====

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तस्मात्तुषारसमये स्निग्धाम्ललवणान् रसान्|

औदकानूपमांसानां मेद्यानामुपयोजयेत्||११||

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बिलेशयानां मांसानि प्रसहानां भृतानि च|

भक्षयेन्मदिरां शीधुं मधु चानुपिबेन्नरः||१२||

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Tasmāttuṣārasamayē snigdhāmlalavaṇān rasān|

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bileshayAnAM mAMsAni prasahAnAM bhRutAni ca|

bhakShayenmadirAM shIdhuM madhu cAnupibennaraH||12||

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</div></div>

In the period of snowfall, unctuous, sour and salty food items should be consumed predominantly. Meat of fatty, aquatic and marshy animals should be taken. Meat of burrowing animals and roasted meat of animals that eat by snatching the prey should be consumed and after that drinking of [[madira]] and [[sidhu]] type of wines and honey is advised. [11-12]

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गोरसानिक्षुविकृतीर्वसां तैलं नवौदनम्|

हेमन्तेऽभ्यस्यतस्तोयमुष्णं चायुर्न हीयते||१३||

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gōrasānikṣuvikr̥tīrvasāṁ tailaṁ navaudanam|

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gorasAnikShuvikRutIrvasAM tailaM navaudanam|

hemante~abhyasyatastoyamuShNaM cAyurna hIyate||13||

+

</div></div>

A person who is habituated to consuming milk products, cane sugar products, fats and oils, new rice and warm water during [[hemanta]] [[ritu]], never sees his lifespan decrease ( i.e. these help in prevention from early aging and diseases). [13]

−

=====Lifestyle in winter season=====

+

====Lifestyle in winter season====

+

+

अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनं मूर्ध्नि तैलं जेन्ताकमातपम्|

भजेद्भूमिगृहं चोष्णमुष्णं गर्भगृहं तथा||१४||

+

abhyaṅgōtsādanaṁ mūrdhni tailaṁ jēntākamātapam|

Line 204: Line 265:

abhya~ggotsAdanaM mUrdhni tailaM jentAkamAtapam|

bhajedbhUmigRuhaM coShNamuShNaM garbhagRuhaM tathA||14||

+

</div></div>

In [[hemanta]] [[ritu]],[[abhyanga]] (massage), [[utsadana]] (anointing), [[murdhni taila]] (applying oil on the head), fomentation by [[jentaka]] (a type of fomentation/sudation) method, sunbath, spending time in hot underground houses and warmer, inner rooms of the house is indicated. [14]

+

शीतेषु संवृतं सेव्यं यानं शयनमासनम्|

प्रावाराजिनकौषेयप्रवेणीकुथकास्तृतम्||१५||

+

śītēṣu saṁvr̥taṁ sēvyaṁ yānaṁ śayanamāsanam|

Line 215: Line 279:

shIteShu saMvRutaM [2] sevyaM yAnaM shayanamAsanam|

prAvArAjinakauSheyapraveNIkuthakAstRutam||15||

+

</div></div>

In winter season, vehicles, beds and seats should be well covered and spread over with thick quilts, deer or tiger skins, silken sheets, gunny-cloth sheets or blankets. [15]

−

=====Guidelines for sexual health=====

+

====Guidelines for sexual health====

+

+

गुरूष्णवासा दिग्धाङ्गो गुरुणाऽगुरुणा सदा|

शयने प्रमदां पीनां विशालोपचितस्तनीम्||१६||

Line 223: Line 291:

आलिङ्ग्यागुरुदिग्धाङ्गीं सुप्यात् समदमन्मथः|

प्रकामं च निषेवेत मैथुनं शिशिरागमे||१७||

+

gurūṣṇavāsā digdhāṅgō guruṇā'guruṇā sadā|

Line 235: Line 304:

Ali~ggyAgurudigdhA~ggIM supyAt samadamanmathaH|

prakAmaM ca niSheveta maithunaM shishirAgame||17||

+

</div></div>

In the winter season, one should always wear thick and warm clothes and the body should be anointed with thick paste of aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb) (eagle-wood). A man who has strong passion should sleep in the bed at night embracing a healthy woman having well developed, plump breasts and herself anointed with the paste of aguru. One may indeed indulge in sexual intercourse up to full satisfaction. [16-17]

−

=====Contra-indications in winter season=====

+

====Contra-indications in winter season====

+

+

वर्जयेदन्नपानानि वातलानि लघूनि च|

प्रवातं प्रमिताहारमुदमन्थं हिमागमे||१८||

+

varjayēdannapānāni vātalāni laghūni ca|

Line 246: Line 320:

varjayedannapAnAni vAtalAni laghUni ca|

pravAtaM pramitAhAramudamanthaM himAgame||18||

+

</div></div>

At the advent of winter season intake of food and drinks that cause [[vata]] vitiation and inherently light to digest in property, (getting exposed to) strong winds, inadequate quantities of food, and intake of diluted gruel are contraindicated. [18]

−

==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[shishira]] [[ritu]] (late winter) ====

+

−

===== Characteristics of [[shishira]] [[ritu]] =====

+

=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[shishira]] [[ritu]] (late winter) ===

+

==== Characteristics of [[shishira]] [[ritu]] ====

+

+

हेमन्तशिशिरौ तुल्यौ शिशिरेऽल्पं विशेषणम्|

रौक्ष्यमादानजं शीतं मेघमारुतवर्षजम्||१९||

+

hēmantaśiśirau tulyau śiśirē'lpaṁ viśēṣaṇam|

Line 258: Line 338:

hemantashishirau tulyau shishire~alpaM visheShaNam|

raukShyamAdAnajaM shItaM meghamArutavarShajam||19||

+

</div></div>

[[Hemanta]] and [[shishira]] seasons are almost similar in characteristics with some specific features in [[shishira]] [[ritu]]. In this season, due to the onset of [[adana kala]], dryness increases and due to clouds, winds and rain, cold prevails. [19]

−

===== Additional care in late winter season=====

+

==== Additional care in late winter season====

+

+

तस्माद्धैमन्तिकः सर्वः शिशिरे विधिरिष्यते|

निवातमुष्णं त्वधिकं शिशिरे गृहमाश्रयेत्||२०||

+

tasmāddhaimantikaḥ sarvaḥ śiśirē vidhiriṣyatē|

Line 269: Line 354:

tasmAddhaimantikaH sarvaH shishire vidhiriShyate|

nivAtamuShNaM tvadhikaM shishire gRuhamAshrayet||20||

+

</div></div>

Therefore, the whole regimen advised for [[hemanta]] should also be followed in [[shishira]] [[ritu]]. In addition to that, one should specially stay in less windy and warm shelters (homes). [20]

−

~~=====Contra-indication in late winter =====~~

−

+

====Contra-indication in late winter ====

+

+

कटुतिक्तकषायाणि वातलानि लघूनि च|

वर्जयेदन्नपानानि शिशिरे शीतलानि च||२१||]

+

kaṭutiktakaṣāyāṇi vātalāni laghūni ca|

Line 282: Line 370:

kaTutiktakaShAyANi vAtalAni laghUni ca|

varjayedannapAnAni shishire shItalAni ca||21||

+

</div></div>

In the [[shishira]] season, food and drinks that are predominantly pungent, bitter and astringent in taste, [[vata]] vitiating, and inherently light to digest and cold in properties should be avoided. [21]

−

==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[vasanta]] [[ritu]] (spring season) ====

+

=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[vasanta]] [[ritu]] (spring season) ===

−

=====Status of [[agni]] in spring=====

+

====Status of [[agni]] in spring====

+

+

वसन्ते निचितः श्लेष्मा दिनकृद्भाभिरीरितः|

कायाग्निं बाधते रोगांस्ततः प्रकुरुते बहून्||२२||

+

vasantē nicitaḥ ślēṣmā dinakr̥dbhābhirīritaḥ|

Line 295: Line 388:

vasante nicitaH shleShmA dinakRudbhAbhirIritaH|

kAyAgniM bAdhate rogAMstataH prakurute bahUn||22||

+

</div></div>

[[Shleshma]] accumulated in [[hemanta]] [[ritu]] gets liquefied by hot rays of the Sun in [[vasanta]] [[ritu]], which in turn disturbs/decreases the digestive power and ultimately causes many diseases. [22]

−

=====Indications and contra-indications in spring=====

+

====Indications and contra-indications in spring====

+

+

तस्माद्वसन्ते कर्माणि वमनादीनि कारयेत्|

गुर्वम्लस्निग्धमधुरं दिवास्वप्नं च वर्जयेत्||२३||

+

tasmādvasantē karmāṇi vamanādīni kārayēt|

Line 306: Line 404:

tasmAdvasante karmANi vamanAdIni kArayet|

gurvamlasnigdhamadhuraM divAsvapnaM ca varjayet||23||

+

</div></div>

Therefore in [[vasanta]] season the purification procedures like [[vamana]] ( therapeutic emesis) and others should be done. One should avoid heavy to digest, sour, unctuous and sweet food items and should not sleep during the daytime. [23]

+

व्यायामोद्वर्तनं धूमं कवलग्रहमञ्जनम्|

सुखाम्बुना शौचविधिं शीलयेत् कुसुमागमे||२४||

+

vyāyāmōdvartanaṁ dhūmaṁ kavalagrahamañjanam|

Line 317: Line 418:

vyAyAmodvartanaM dhUmaM kavalagrahama~jjanam|

sukhAmbunA shaucavidhiM shIlayet kusumAgame||24||

+

</div></div>

In [[kusumagama]] [[kala]] (at the advent of spring) when flowers blossom ([[vasanta]]) one should regularly resort to physical exercise, dry massage, medicated smoking, gargling, and collyrium. Bathing and cleaning of excretory orifices should be done with lukewarm water. [24]

+

चन्दनागुरुदिग्धाङ्गो यवगोधूमभोजनः|

शारभं शाशमैणेयं मांसं लावकपिञ्जलम्||२५||

+

candanāgurudigdhāṅgō yavagōdhūmabhōjanaḥ|

Line 328: Line 432:

candanAgurudigdhA~ggo yavagodhUmabhojanaH|

shArabhaM shAshamaiNeyaM mAMsaM lAvakapi~jjalam||25||

+

</div></div>

−

A person should apply the paste of ~~Chandana~~ (Santalum album Linn) and aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb) (eagle-wood) on the body. One should take food made up of barley and wheat, meat of [[~~sarabha~~]] (wapiti), [[shasha]] (rabbit), [[ena]] (antelope), [[lava]] (common quail) and [[kapinjala]] (grey partridge). [25]

+

A person should apply the paste of chandana (Santalum album Linn) and aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb) (eagle-wood) on the body. One should take food made up of barley and wheat, meat of [[sharabha]] (wapiti), [[shasha]] (rabbit), [[ena]] (antelope), [[lava]] (common quail) and [[kapinjala]] (grey partridge). [25]

+

भक्षयेन्निर्गदं सीधुं पिबेन्माध्वीकमेव वा|

वसन्तेऽनुभवेत् स्त्रीणां काननानां च यौवनम्||२६||

+

bhakṣayēnnirgadaṁ sīdhuṁ pibēnmādhvīkamēva vā|

Line 339: Line 446:

bhakShayennirgadaM sIdhuM pibenmAdhvIkameva vA|

vasante~anubhavet strINAM kAnanAnAM ca yauvanam||26||

+

</div></div>

One should drink clean alcoholic drinks like [[sidhu]] and [[madhvika]] (types of wine preparations) in [[vasanta]] and enjoy the youthfulness of women and of gardens. [26]

−

==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[grishma]] [[ritu]] (summer season) ====

+

=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[grishma]] [[ritu]] (summer season) ===

−

=====Effect of excess Sun-heat in summer =====

+

====Effect of excess Sun-heat in summer ====

+

+

मयूखैर्जगतः स्नेहं ग्रीष्मे पेपीयते रविः|

स्वादु शीतं द्रवं स्निग्धमन्नपानं तदा हितम्||२७||

+

mayūkhairjagataḥ snēhaṁ grīṣmē pēpīyatē raviḥ|

Line 352: Line 464:

mayUkhairjagataH snehaM grIShme pepIyate raviH|

svAdu shItaM dravaM snigdhamannapAnaM tadA hitam||27||

+

</div></div>

In [[grishma]] [[ritu]] (summer season), the Sun , by its rays, excessively dries up the environment. So, in this season, food and drinks having sweet, cold, liquid and unctuous qualities are considered wholesome. [27]

−

=====Diet and beverages in summer=====

+

====Diet and beverages in summer====

+

+

शीतं सशर्करं मन्थं जाङ्गलान्मृगपक्षिणः|

घृतं पयः सशाल्यन्नं भजन् ग्रीष्मे न सीदति||२८||

+

śītaṁ saśarkaraṁ manthaṁ jāṅgalānmr̥gapakṣiṇaḥ|

Line 363: Line 480:

shItaM sasharkaraM manthaM jA~ggalAnmRugapakShiNaH|

ghRutaM payaH sashAlyannaM bhajan grIShme na sIdati||28||

+

</div></div>

In summer season, any individual taking cold and sweet [[mantha]] (a type of liquid diet), meat of wild animals and birds, [[ghee]] and milk with [[shali]] rice (Oryza sativa Linn) does not become weak (i.e., does not suffer from diseases). [28]

−

=====Contra-indications in summer=====

+

====Contra-indications in summer====

+

+

मद्यमल्पं न वा पेयमथवा सुबहूदकम्|

लवणाम्लकटूष्णानि व्यायामं च विवर्जयेत् ||२९||

+

Madyamalpaṁ na vā pēyamathavā subahūdakam|

Line 374: Line 496:

madyamalpaM na vA peyamathavA subahUdakam|

lavaNAmlakaTUShNAni vyAyAmaM ca vivarjayet ||29||

+

</div></div>

Alcoholic beverages should be consumed in little quantities or should not be consumed at all, or if taken, should be diluted with plenty of water. One should not consume salty, sour, pungent and hot food, and physical exercise should be avoided. [29]

−

=====Lifestyle in summer=====

+

====Lifestyle in summer====

+

+

दिवा शीतगृहे निद्रां निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतले|

भजेच्चन्दनदिग्धाङ्गः प्रवाते हर्म्यमस्तके||३०||

+

Divā śītagr̥hē nidrāṁ niśi candrāṁśuśītalē|

Line 385: Line 512:

divA shItagRuhe nidrAM nishi candrAMshushItale|

bhajeccandanadigdhA~ggaH pravAte harmyamastake||30||

+

</div></div>

During daytime, one should sleep in a cool shelter and during night after applying the paste of chandana (Santalum album Linn) on the body sleep in the airy roof/terrace of the house which is cooled by the Moon-rays. [30]

+

व्यजनैः पाणिसंस्पर्शैश्चन्दनोदकशीतलैः|

सेव्यमानो भजेदास्यां मुक्तामणिविभूषितः||३१||

+

Vyajanaiḥ pāṇisaṁsparśaiścandanōdakaśītalaiḥ|

Line 396: Line 526:

vyajanaiH pANisaMsparshaishcandanodakashItalaiH|

sevyamAno bhajedAsyAM muktAmaNivibhUShitaH||31||

+

</div></div>

One should be seated on a surface decorated with pearl and gems and make use of a fan and touching by soft hands, both cooled with sandal water. [31]

+

काननानि च शीतानि जलानि कुसुमानि च|

ग्रीष्मकाले निषेवेत मैथुनाद्विरतो नरः||३२||

+

Kānanāni ca śītāni jalāni kusumāni ca|

Line 407: Line 540:

kAnanAni ca shItAni jalAni kusumAni ca|

grIShmakAle niSheveta maithunAdvirato naraH||32||

+

</div></div>

In Summer, one should enjoy the coolness of gardens, cold water and flowers, and should abstain from sexual intercourse. [32]

−

==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[Varsha]] [[ritu]] (rainy season) ====

+

=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[Varsha]] [[ritu]] (rainy season) ===

−

=====Status of [[agni]] in rainy season=====

+

====Status of [[agni]] in rainy season====

+

+

आदानदुर्बले देहे पक्ता भवति दुर्बलः|

स वर्षास्वनिलादीनां दूषणैर्बाध्यते पुनः||३३||

+

ādānadurbalē dēhē paktā bhavati durbalaḥ|

Line 420: Line 558:

AdAnadurbale dehe paktA bhavati durbalaH|

sa varShAsvanilAdInAM dUShaNairbAdhyate punaH||33||

+

</div></div>

In a weak body, during the period of dehydration, [[agni]] is also weak, and deteriorates further due to vitiated [[vata]] and other [[dosha]] during rainy season. [33]

+

भूबाष्पान्मेघनिस्यन्दात् पाकादम्लाज्जलस्य च|

वर्षास्वग्निबले क्षीणे कुप्यन्ति पवनादयः||३४||

+

bhūbāṣpānmēghanisyandāt pākādamlājjalasya ca|

Line 431: Line 572:

bhUbAShpAnmeghanisyandAt pAkAdamlAjjalasya ca|

varShAsvagnibale kShINe kupyanti pavanAdayaH||34||

+

</div></div>

In this season, due to evaporating vapors from the Earth, rainfall and acidic transformation of water, the [[agni]] is weakened, thus leading to the further vitiation of [[vata]] and other [[dosha]]. [34]

−

=====Indications and contra-indications in rainy season=====

+

====Indications and contra-indications in rainy season====

+

+

तस्मात् साधारणः सर्वो विधिर्वर्षासु शस्यते|

उदमन्थं दिवास्वप्नमवश्यायं नदीजलम्||३५||

Line 439: Line 584:

व्यायाममातपं चैव व्यवायं चात्र वर्जयेत्|

पानभोजनसंस्कारान् प्रायः क्षौद्रान्वितान् भजेत्||३६||

+

tasmāt sādhāraṇaḥ sarvō vidhirvarṣāsu śasyatē|

Line 451: Line 597:

vyAyAmamAtapaM caiva vyavAyaM cAtra varjayet|

pAnabhojanasaMskArAn prAyaH kShaudrAnvitAn bhajet||36||

+

</div></div>

Hence, in rainy season all basic rules regarding diet and lifestyle are advised to balance all three [[dosha]]. One should avoid diluted [[mantha]](excess liquid diet) , sleeping during the day, exposure to dew, river water, physical exercise, sun rays and sexual intercourse in this season.

One should use food and drinks mostly added with honey in small quantity to pacify the [[kleda]] (moisture) of rainy season. [35-36]

−

=====Specific diet in rainy season=====

+

====Specific diet in rainy season====

+

+

व्यक्ताम्ललवणस्नेहं वातवर्षाकुलेऽहनि|

विशेषशीते भोक्तव्यं वर्षास्वनिलशान्तये||३७||

+

vyaktāmlalavaṇasnēhaṁ vātavarṣākulē'hani|

Line 463: Line 614:

vyaktAmlalavaNasnehaM vAtavarShAkule~ahani|

visheShashIte bhoktavyaM varShAsvanilashAntaye||37||

+

</div></div>

In the rainy season when the days are cooler due to wind and rain, one should predominantly take sour, salty and unctuous food to alleviate [[vata]]. [37]

+

अग्निसंरक्षणवता यवगोधूमशालयः|

पुराणा जाङ्गलैर्मांसैर्भोज्या यूषैश्च संस्कृतैः||३८||

+

agnisaṁrakṣaṇavatā yavagōdhūmaśālayaḥ|

Line 474: Line 628:

agnisaMrakShaNavatA yavagodhUmashAlayaH|

purANA jA~ggalairmAMsairbhojyA yUShaishca saMskRutaiH||38||

+

</div></div>

A person taking care of his [[agni]] should consume old barley; wheat and [[shali]] rice (Oryza sativa Linn) along with meat of wild animals and processed soup. [38]

+

पिबेत् क्षौद्रान्वितं चाल्पं माध्वीकारिष्टमम्बु वा|

माहेन्द्रं तप्तशीतं वा कौपं सारसमेव वा||३९||

+

pibēt kṣaudrānvitaṁ cālpaṁ mādhvīkāriṣṭamambu vā|

Line 485: Line 642:

pibet kShaudrAnvitaM cAlpaM mAdhvIkAriShTamambu vA|

mAhendraM taptashItaM vA kaupaM sArasameva vA||39||

+

</div></div>

Whenever [[madhvika]] or other fermented liquors and water are consumed, they should be mixed with a little amount of honey. Rain water or water from wells or ponds should be properly boiled and cooled. [39]

−

=====Lifestyle in rainy season=====

+

====Lifestyle in rainy season====

+

+

प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्|

लघुशुद्धाम्बरः स्थानं भजेदक्लेदि वार्षिकम्||४०||

+

pragharṣōdvartanasnānagandhamālyaparō bhavēt|

Line 496: Line 658:

pragharShodvartanasnAnagandhamAlyaparo bhavet|

laghushuddhAmbaraH sthAnaM bhajedakledi vArShikam||40||

+

</div></div>

In the rainy season, one should practice [[pragharsha]] (friction massage), [[udwartana]] (dry massage), [[snana]] (bath), use of fragrance, garlands, wearing light and clean clothes and should reside in the place which is free from humidity. [40]

−

==== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[sharada]] [[ritu]] (autumn season) ====

+

=== Diet and lifestyle guidelines in [[sharada]] [[ritu]] (autumn season) ===

−

=====Status of [[pitta]] [[dosha]] in autumn season=====

+

====Status of [[pitta]] [[dosha]] in autumn season====

+

+

वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः|

तप्तानामाचितं पित्तं प्रायः शरदि कुप्यति||४१||

+

varṣāśītōcitāṅgānāṁ sahasaivārkaraśmibhiḥ|

Line 509: Line 676:

varShAshItocitA~ggAnAM sahasaivArkarashmibhiH|

taptAnAmAcitaM pittaM prAyaH sharadi kupyati||41||

+

</div></div>

When a body habituated to cold and rain is suddenly subjected to the heat of sun-rays in the [[sharada]] (autumn) season, the accumulated [[pitta]] [[dosha]] in the body often gets aggravated. [41]

−

=====Specific diet for pacification of [[pitta]] [[dosha]]=====

+

====Specific diet for pacification of [[pitta]] [[dosha]]====

+

+

तत्रान्नपानं मधुरं लघु शीतं सतिक्तकम्|

पित्तप्रशमनं सेव्यं मात्रया सुप्रकाङ्क्षितैः||४२||

+

tatrānnapānaṁ madhuraṁ laghu śītaṁ satiktakam|

Line 520: Line 692:

tatrAnnapAnaM madhuraM laghu shItaM satiktakam|

pittaprashamanaM sevyaM mAtrayA suprakA~gkShitaiH||42||

+

</div></div>

In this season food and drinks predominantly of sweet, light, cold and slightly bitter qualities and having [[pitta]] alleviating properties should be taken in proper quantity, only when there is good appetite. [42]

+

लावान् कपिञ्जलानेणानुरभ्राञ्छरभान् शशान्|

शालीन् सयवगोधूमान् सेव्यानाहुर्घनात्यये||४३||

+

lāvān kapiñjalānēṇānurabhrāñcharabhān śaśān|

Line 531: Line 706:

lAvAn kapi~jjalAneNAnurabhrA~jcharabhAn shashAn|

shAlIn sayavagodhUmAn sevyAnAhurghanAtyaye||43||

+

</div></div>

−

In [[ghanatyaya]] ([[sharada]] [[ritu]]), the meat of [[lava]] (common quail), [[kapinjala]] (grey partridge), [[ena]] (antelope), [[urabhra]] (sheep), [[~~sarabha~~]] (wapiti) and [[shasha]] (rabbit), [[shali]] rice (Oryza sativa Linn), barley and wheat should be taken. [43]

+

In [[ghanatyaya]] ([[sharada]] [[ritu]]), the meat of [[lava]] (common quail), [[kapinjala]] (grey partridge), [[ena]] (antelope), [[urabhra]] (sheep), [[sharabha]] (wapiti) and [[shasha]] (rabbit), [[shali]] rice (Oryza sativa Linn), barley and wheat should be taken. [43]

+

तिक्तस्य सर्पिषः पानं विरेको रक्तमोक्षणम्|

धाराधरात्यये कार्यमातपस्य च वर्जनम्||४४||

+

tiktasya sarpiṣaḥ pānaṁ virēkō raktamōkṣaṇam|

Line 542: Line 720:

tiktasya sarpiShaH pAnaM vireko raktamokShaNam|

dhArAdharAtyaye kAryamAtapasya ca varjanam||44||

+

</div></div>

In [[sharada]], whenever the rain clouds disappear, the intake of [[tikta ghee]] (ghee medicated with bitter items), use of purgatives, and blood-letting are indicated. [44]

−

=====Contra-indications in autumn season=====

+

====Contra-indications in autumn season====

+

+

वसां तैलमवश्यायमौदकानूपमामिषम्|

क्षारं दधि दिवास्वप्नं प्राग्वातं चात्र वर्जयेत्||४५||

+

+

vasāṁ tailamavaśyāyamaudakānūpamāmiṣam|

kṣāraṁ dadhi divāsvapnaṁ prāgvātaṁ cātra varjayēt||45||

+

vasAM tailamavashyAyamaudakAnUpamAmiSham|

kShAraM dadhi divAsvapnaM prAgvAtaM cAtra varjayet||45||

+

</div></div>

In this season exposure to Sun, intake of muscle fats and oils, exposure to dew, meat of aquatic and marshy animals, alkaline preparations, and curd are contraindicated. One should not sleep during daytime and restrict exposure to easterly wind. [45]

−

=====[[Hamsodaka]] (pure water)=====

+

====[[Hamsodaka]] (pure water)====

+

+

दिवा सूर्यांशुसन्तप्तं निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतलम्|

कालेन पक्वं निर्दोषमगस्त्येनाविषीकृतम्||४६||

Line 559: Line 748:

हंसोदकमिति ख्यातं शारदं विमलं शुचि|

स्नानपानावगाहेषु हितमम्बु यथाऽमृतम् ||४७|

+

Divā sūryāṁśusantaptaṁ niśi candrāṁśuśītalam|

Line 571: Line 761:

haMsodakamiti khyAtaM shAradaM vimalaM shuci|

snAnapAnAvagAheShu hitamambu yathA~amRutam ||47||

+

</div></div>

+

Water naturally heated with sunrays during daytime and cooled with moon rays during night, well purified by the course of time and detoxified by the effects of [[Agastya]] (the star Canopus) is called [[Hamsodaka]].This is available during [[sharada]] and is clean and clear. This water is beneficial as nectar when used for the purpose of bathing and drinking. [46-47]

</div>

−

=====Lifestyle during autumn season=====

+

====Lifestyle during autumn season====

+

+

शारदानि च माल्यानि वासांसि विमलानि च|

शरत्काले प्रशस्यन्ते प्रदोषे चेन्दुरश्मयः||४८||

+

śāradāni ca mālyāni vāsāṁsi vimalāni ca|

Line 583: Line 778:

shAradAni ca mAlyAni vAsAMsi vimalAni ca|

sharatkAle prashasyante pradoShe cendurashmayaH||48||

+

</div></div>

In [[sharada]] [[ritu]], garlands of seasonal flowers, clean clothes (apparels), and exposure to moon-rays in early nights are very beneficial. [48]

−

==== [[Okasatmya]](acquired adaptation or habituation) ====

+

=== [[Okasatmya]](acquired adaptation or habituation) ===

+

इत्युक्तमृतुसात्म्यं यच्चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्|

उपशेते यदौचित्यादोकःसात्म्यं तदुच्यते||४९||

+

ityuktamr̥tusātmyaṁ yaccēṣṭāhāravyapāśrayam|

Line 596: Line 794:

ityuktamRutusAtmyaM yacceShTAhAravyapAshrayam|

upashete yadaucityAdokaHsAtmyaM taducyate||49||

+

</div></div>

In this way, we discussed about seasonal adaptations with respect to activities and diet.

If any diet and lifestyle become suitable to the body by its regular/habitual use then it is called [[okasatmya]] (acquired adaptation or habituation). [49]

+

देशानामामयानां च विपरीतगुणं गुणैः|

सात्म्यमिच्छन्ति सात्म्यज्ञाश्चेष्टितं चाद्यमेव च||५०||

+

dēśānāmāmayānāṁ ca viparītaguṇaṁ guṇaiḥ|

Line 609: Line 810:

deshAnAmAmayAnAM ca viparItaguNaM guNaiH|

sAtmyamicchanti sAtmyaj~jAshceShTitaM cAdyameva ca||50||

+

</div></div>

Experts of the principles of [[satmya]] (adaptation) consider that diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location, can be adapted to (preserve health). [50]

−

==== Summary ====

+

=== Summary ===

+

तत्र श्लोकः-

Line 618: Line 821:

ऋतावृतौ नृभिः सेव्यमसेव्यं यच्च किञ्चन|

तस्याशितीये निर्दिष्टं हेतुमत् सात्म्यमेव च||५१||

+

tatra ślōkaḥ-

Line 626: Line 830:

RutAvRutau nRubhiH sevyamasevyaM yacca ki~jcana|

tasyAshitIye nirdiShTaM hetumat sAtmyameva ca||51||

+

</div></div>

There is the verse:

In this chapter of seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle, general principles with respect to dietary habits and activities suitable to specific seasons, along with the principles of [[satmya]] (adaptation) have been described. [51]

+

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने तस्याशितीयो नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः||६||

+

Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē tasyāśitīyō nāma ṣaṣṭhō'dhyāyaḥ||6||

+

</div></div>

−

Thus the sixth chapter entitled [[Tasyashiteeya]] (~~one’s~~ diet and ~~behavior for different seasons~~) of [[Sutra Sthana]] is completed, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and revised by Charak.

+

Thus the sixth chapter entitled [[Tasyashiteeya]] (Seasonal regimen of diet and lifestyle) of [[Sutra Sthana]] is completed, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and revised by Charak.

−

=== Tattva Vimarsha / Fundamental Principles ===

+

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

* The strength of a person varies according to seasonal changes. The [[dosha]] undergo physiological variations as per change in season and surroundings. In order to maintain equilibrium and sustain health, a person should change his diet and lifestyle according to the season.

Line 650: Line 858:

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttarayana]]

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shishira]] (Late Winter)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Magha''(''Tapa'') and ''Phalguna''(''Tapasya'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Magha]](Tapa) and [[Phalguna]](Tapasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-January to Mid-March

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Good

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Vasanta]] (Spring)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Chaitra''(''Madhu'') and ~~''Vaishaka''~~(''Madhava'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Chaitra]](Madhu) and [[Vaishakha]](Madhava)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-March to Mid-May

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Medium

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Grishma]] (Summer)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Jaishtha''(''Shuchi'') and ''Ashadha''(''Shukra'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Jaishtha]](Shuchi) and [[Ashadha]](Shukra)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-May to Mid-July

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Weak

|-

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Dakshinayana]]

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Varsha'' (Rainy Season)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Varsha]] (Rainy Season)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Shravana''(''Nabha'') and ''Bhadrapada''(''Nabhasya'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shravana]](Nabha) and [[Bhadrapada]](Nabhasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-July to Mid-September

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Weak

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Sharada]] (Autumn)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Ashvina''(''Isha'') and ''Kartika''(''Urja'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Ashvina]](Isha) and [[Kartika]](Urja)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-September to Mid-November

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Medium

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Hemanta]] (Early Winter)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Margashirsha''(''Saha'') and ''Pausha''(''Sahasya'')

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Margashirsha]](Saha) and [[Pausha]](Sahasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-November to Mid-January

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Good

Line 709: Line 917:

*One should follow the diet and lifestyle with opposite properties of the place of residence and seasons in order to preserve health and prevent diseases.

−

=== Vidhi vimarsha / Applied Inferences ===

+

== Vidhi vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

−

==== Division of [[samvatsara]] (year) and [[ritu]] ====

+

=== Division of [[samvatsara]] (year) and [[ritu]] ===

The [[Samvatsara]] is divided into two [[ayana]] or solstices, depending upon the position of the Sun with respect to the Earth i.e. [[Uttarayana]] or [[adana kala]] and [[dakshinayana]] or [[visarga kala]]. Each [[ayana]] includes three [[ritu]]. This is known as [[rituchakra]] (cyclic rhythm) of six seasons. Six [[ritu]] are divided on the basis of the predominant effect of Sun and Moon. Air motivates the Sun and the Moon. [[Vata]] is responsible for differentiation of [[ritu]](Cha.Su.12).The [[uttarayana]] or northward position of the Sun and its act of dehydration/undernourishment brings about three seasons, including [[shishira]], [[vasanta]] and [[grishma]]. The [[dakshinayana]] or southward position of the Sun and its act of hydration/nourishment gives rise to other three seasons, including [[varsha]], [[sharada]] and [[hemanta]].

Line 717: Line 925:

Per Ayurvedic literature, taking the river Ganga as a baseline, the whole region (Indian subcontinent) is divided on the basis of intensity of cold and rain into two parts. In regions south of Ganga, rain being more, two[[ritu]] i.e. [[pravrita]] (early rains) and [[varsha]] (late heavy rainy season) have been mentioned separately by the sages. In the regions north of Ganga, with a prevalence of snowfall factored in, two [[ritu]] namely [[hemanta]] and [[shishira]] (dewy season and cold season) have been mentioned separately. In the Gangetic plains (Eastern U.P. and Bihar), all the seasons can be found since it is the belt of [[Sadharana desha]].

</div>

−

Thus in Ayurveda, a year is divided in two ways on the basis of the following:

+

Thus in [[Ayurveda]], a year is divided in two ways on the basis of the following:

−

====~~= Seasonal regimen for Healthy Living =~~====

+

==== Division of year, [[ayana]], months, [[rashi]] ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! [[Ayana]] !! [[~~ritu~~]] !! Indian Months !! Influential [[Rashi]] !! English Months

+

! !! [[Ayana]] & [[Bala]] !! [[Ritu]] !! Indian Months !! Influential [[Rashi]] !! English Months

|-

| rowspan="6" | [[Samvatsara]]

−

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttarayana]]

+

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Uttarayana]] [[Adana kala]] [[Bala]]-Less

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shishira]] (Late Winter)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Magha]](Tapa) and [[Phalguna]](Tapasya)

Line 742: Line 950:

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-May to Mid-July

|-

−

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Dakshinayana]]

+

| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[Dakshinayana]] [[Visarga kala]] [[Bala]]-Good

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Varsha]] (Rainy Season)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Shravana]](Nabha) and [[Bhadrapada]](Nabhasya)

Line 754: Line 962:

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Hemanta]] (Early Winter)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Margasirsha]](Saha) and [[~~Paumsha~~]](Sahasya)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Margasirsha]](Saha) and [[Pausha]](Sahasya)

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Vrishchika]] and [[Dhanu]]

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-November to Mid-January

Line 760: Line 968:

|}

−

~~===== Characteristics of seasons =====~~

+

==== Formation of Seasons ====

−

~~{| class="wikitable"~~

−

|-

−

~~! !! Character !! [[ritu]] !! Indian Months !! English Months~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="6" | [[Samvatsara]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | Cold, Hot, Wet(Rainy)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Hemanta]] (Early Winter)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Paumsha]] and [[Magha]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-Dec to Mid-Feb~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Grishma]] (Summer)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Vaishaka]] and [[Jaishtha]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-April to Mid-June~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Varsha]] (Monsoon/Rainy)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Bhadrapada]] and [[Ashvina]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-Aug to Mid-Oct~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | Moderate~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Vasanta]] (Spring)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Phalguna]] and [[Chaitra]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-Feb to Mid-Apr~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Pravrita]] (Early Rains)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Ashadha]] and [[Shravana]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-Jun to Mid-Aug~~

−

|-

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Sharada]] (Autumn)~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Kartika]] and [[Margashirsha]]~~

−

~~| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Mid-Oct to Mid-Dec~~

−

|}

−

===== Formation of Seasons =====

The Earth and all other celestial bodies in the Solar System are constantly moving. Rotation, precession and revolution of Earth are directly responsible for seasonal variations in a year. The term ‘Earth Rotation’ refers to the spinning of our planet on its axis, with an equatorial speed of 1040 miles per hour (about 465 meter per second or slightly over 1675 km per hour). One rotation takes twenty-four hours (23.93 hour) and is called a mean solar day. The Earth’s rotation is responsible for the daily cycles of day and night. At any moment in time, one half of the Earth is in sunlight, while the other half is in darkness.

Line 806: Line 978:

</div>

−

===== Qualities of seasons =====

+

==== Qualities of seasons ====

−

The qualities of different seasons are to be understood in three aspects viz. [[masa[[ (month), [[rashi]] (stellar constellations) and [[svarupa]] (characteristic features). The regimen prescribed for each ~~seasons~~ should be followed in mild, moderate or full degree in the succeeding order of strength of seasons. Importance is given first to the appearance of [[svarupa]] in reckoning season, then to the [[rashi]] and last to the [[masa]]. The regimen prescribed for the ~~seasons~~ should be mild or part, if only [[masa]] has commenced without commencement of [[rashi]] or [[svarupa]]; it should be moderate, if [[rashi]] has commenced, but [[svarupa]] has not yet; and regimen should in full measure if [[svarupa]] has commenced ever without [[rashi]].

+

The qualities of different seasons are to be understood in three aspects viz. [[masa]] (month), [[rashi]] (stellar constellations) and [[svarupa]] (characteristic features). The regimen prescribed for each season should be followed in mild, moderate or full degree in the succeeding order of strength of seasons. Importance is given first to the appearance of [[svarupa]] in reckoning season, then to the [[rashi]] and last to the [[masa]]. The regimen prescribed for the season should be mild or part, if only [[masa]] has commenced without commencement of [[rashi]] or [[svarupa]]; it should be moderate, if [[rashi]] has commenced, but [[svarupa]] has not yet; and regimen should in full measure if [[svarupa]] has commenced ever without [[rashi]].

−

The characteristics of normal seasons have been described in terms of various environmental factors. Knowledge of these characteristics is important to differentiate between deranged (abnormal) and normal seasons so that precautions can be taken to prevent the adverse effect of abnormal ~~seasons~~.<ref> Sushruta Samhita ~~Chapter 6~~ </ref>

+

The characteristics of normal seasons have been described in terms of various environmental factors. Knowledge of these characteristics is important to differentiate between deranged (abnormal) and normal seasons so that precautions can be taken to prevent the adverse effect of abnormal season. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana Chapter 6]<ref name=Susruta>Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>

</div>

−

==== Importance of [[ritucharya]](seasonal regimen) ====

+

=== Importance of [[ritucharya]](seasonal regimen) ===

−

One’s various type of diet leads to promotion of strength and luster only when he knows the wholesomeness according to different seasons dependent on behavior and diet.(Cha.Su.6/3)

+

One’s various type of diet leads to promotion of strength and luster only when he knows the wholesomeness according to different seasons dependent on behavior and diet.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]

−

If one follows the regimen as described for different seasons, he never suffers from diseases due to the aggravated [[dosha]] under the seasonal impact.~~<ref> Sushuta Samhita~~. ~~Uttar tantra~~. 64/55 </~~ref~~> <ref> ~~Bhava Prakasha 5/356~~ </ref>

+

If one follows the regimen as described for different seasons, he never suffers from diseases due to the aggravated [[dosha]] under the seasonal impact. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 64/55]<ref name=Susruta/> [B.P Purvakhanda 5/356]<ref name=Bhavaprakash>Bhavamishra. Bhavaprakasha -Volume I. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas academy;2000</ref>

−

A man always becomes healthy only when he properly follows [[dinacharya]] (daily regimen), [[nishacharya]] (night regimen) and [[ritucharya]] (seasonal regimen), otherwise he will have disease.~~<ref> Bhava Prakasha~~ 5/13 </~~ref~~>

+

A man always becomes healthy only when he properly follows [[dinacharya]] (daily regimen), [[nishacharya]] (night regimen) and [[ritucharya]] (seasonal regimen), otherwise he will have disease. [B.P Purvakhanda 5/13]<ref name=Bhavaprakash/>

</div>

−

===== Basic principles of [[ritucharya]] =====

+

==== Basic principles of [[ritucharya]] ====

#While passing through six seasons our body is bound to face different variations and accordingly it is likely to get affected if the same regimen is followed in all seasons.

Line 832: Line 1,004:

</div>

−

===== Concept of [[~~ritu sandhi~~]] =====

+

==== Concept of [[ritusandhi]] ====

−

The last seven days of preceding [[ritu]] and first seven days of following [[ritu]] are together known as [[ritusandhi]] (meeting of two seasons). During this period the regimen of the previous season should be discontinued gradually and those of the succeeding season adopted slowly. Particular [[padamshika krama]] (sequential regimen) has to be adopted i.e. Unhealthy things which one has become accustomed should be discontinued gradually. Similarly healthy things (food etc.) should be made use of (gradually) with intervals of one, two or three days.(Cha.Su. 7/36-37) On the other hand, if they are discontinued or adopted suddenly, diseases due to unaccustomed foods and activities develop.<ref> ~~Ashtanga Samgraha~~ Sutra Sthana 4~~/61~~ </ref> It is a significant advice, as the changeover of external environment from one season to other is very rapid, but our endogenous system needs some time for smooth change over.

+

The last seven days of preceding [[ritu]] and first seven days of following [[ritu]] are together known as [[ritusandhi]] (meeting of two seasons). During this period the regimen of the previous season should be discontinued gradually and those of the succeeding season adopted slowly. Particular [[padamshika krama]] (sequential regimen) has to be adopted i.e. Unhealthy things which one has become accustomed should be discontinued gradually. Similarly healthy things (food etc.) should be made use of (gradually) with intervals of one, two or three days.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/36-37] On the other hand, if they are discontinued or adopted suddenly, diseases due to unaccustomed foods and activities develop.<ref> Vridha Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.4 Ritucharya Adhyaya verse 21. In: Shivaprasad sharma, Editor. Ashtanga Sangraha. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012</ref> It is a significant advice, as the changeover of external environment from one season to other is very rapid, but our endogenous system needs some time for smooth change over.

−

=====[[Yamadamshtra]] (period of increased mortality) =====

+

−

The duration of last eight days of [[Kartika]] month and first eight days of [[~~Magha~~]] month is termed as [[yamadamshtra]]. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal.<ref> ~~Sharangadhar~~ Purva ~~khanda~~ 2/30 </ref>

+

====[[Yamadamshtra]] (period of increased mortality) ====

+

The duration of last eight days of [[Kartika]] month and first eight days of [[Margashirsha]] month is termed as [[yamadamshtra]]. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal.<ref> Parasuram Shasthri, Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khand,Chap. 2, Bhaishajyakhyanakam, verse 30, In: Parasuram Shasthri, Editor. Sharangadhara Samhita.3rd ed. Varanasi: Choukhamba Orientalia;1983. </ref>

</div>

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==== Concept of [[satmya]] and ''okasatmya~~'' =~~===

+

=== Concept of [[satmya]] and [[okasatmya]] ===

−

''Satmya'' means any substance or behavior which is suitable and beneficial to the self. ''Satmya'' being used constantly has wholesome effect. It is divided into two types:

+

[[Satmya]] means any substance or behavior which is suitable and beneficial to the self. [[Satmya]] being used constantly has wholesome effect. It is divided into two types:

#''Prakritisatmya''

#''Abhyasasatmya''

−

##''Prakritisatmya'' is also called as ''ajanmasatmya''<ref> A.H.Su. 10 </ref> i.e. the ''satmya'' since birth, like ''madhura rasa''.

+

##''Prakritisatmya'' is also called as ''ajanmasatmya''<ref> Arunadatta, Vagbhata. Sutra Sthana, Cha.10 Rasabediya Adhyaya verse 7. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref> i.e. the [[satmya]] since birth, like [[madhura]] [[rasa]].

−

##''Abhyasasatmya'' includes four types of ''satmya'', i.e. ''vyadhisatmya, deshasatmya, okasatmya'' and ''ritusatmya''.

+

##''Abhyasasatmya'' includes four types of [[satmya]], i.e. vyadhisatmya, deshasatmya, okasatmya'' and ''ritusatmya''.

###''Vyadhisatmya'': Adaptation to a disease. There are things which cannot be taken in normal health but have to be tolerated during the period when a person falls sick. It is also called ''amayasatmya'' or ''rogasatmya''.

###''Deshasatmya'': Adaptation to locality or country. There are many things which may be used constantly at a particular place in a particular time but may not be in practice at a different place in same time.

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###''Okasatmya~~'':~~ Acquired adaptation. Anything such as a poisonous or an intoxicating thing or habit which if resorted to is capable of producing deleterious or injurious effect upon ones health. If taken bit by bit, by an individual continuously it loses its grip to produce deleterious or injurious effect and keeps the individual in normal health, it then becomes ''okasatmya'' to the user. This is not only true for poisonous things. Sometimes particular way of living is injurious to one’s health in a particular season but if continues that habit it will lose its power to produce harmful effect. This is one of the reason why all the individuals not affected by seasonal diseases in spite of not following seasonal regimen.

+

###[[Okasatmya]] (Acquired adaptation): Anything such as a poisonous or an intoxicating thing or habit which if resorted to is capable of producing deleterious or injurious effect upon ones health. If taken bit by bit, by an individual continuously it loses its grip to produce deleterious or injurious effect and keeps the individual in normal health, it then becomes [[okasatmya]] to the user. This is not only true for poisonous things. Sometimes particular way of living is injurious to one’s health in a particular season but if continues that habit it will lose its power to produce harmful effect. This is one of the reason why all the individuals not affected by seasonal diseases in spite of not following seasonal regimen.

−

###''Ritusatmya'': Seasonal adaptation has been described in the ''ritucharya'' (seasonal regimen), which is dependent upon ''ahara'' (food articles) and ''vihara'' (~~behavior~~).

+

###''Ritusatmya'': Seasonal adaptation has been described in the [[ritucharya]] (seasonal regimen), which is dependent upon [[ahara]] (food articles) and [[vihara]] (lifestyle).

</div>

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===~~= ''Charya'' / Characteristics of different Seasons =~~===

+

=== Seasonal Regimens ===

−

===== ''Hemanta ritucharya'' (Regimen for Early winter) =====

+

===== [[Hemanta]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Early winter) =====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! ''Ahara'' (diet) !! ''Vihara'' (~~regimen~~)

+

! !! [[Ahara]] (diet) !! [[Vihara]] (lifestyle)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Grahya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Amla''(sour), ''Lavana''(salty), ''Madhura''(sweet), ''Guru'' (heavy in digestion) and ''Snigdha dravya''(unctuous food), new rice and wheat, fats and oils, black gram and its products, milk and its products, sugarcane products, warm water, honey, ''anupa'' (animals of marshy land) and ''audaka ~~mansa''~~ (meat of aquatic animals), liquor

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Amla]](sour), [[Lavana]](salty), [[Madhura]](sweet), [[Guru]] (heavy in digestion) and [[Snigdha]] [[dravya]](unctuous food), new rice and wheat, fats and oils, black gram and its products, milk and its products, sugarcane products, warm water, honey, [[anupa]] (meat of animals of marshy land) and [[audaka]] mamsa (meat of aquatic animals), liquor

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | protection from cold by warm clothes and beddings, Living in warm house, regular use of shoes, bathing with warm water, ''abhyanga'' (~~oil~~ massage), ''utsadana'' (powder massage), ''vyayama'' ( physical exercise), ''atapa sevana''(exposing body to sun light), intercourse

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | protection from cold by warm clothes and beddings, Living in warm house, regular use of shoes, bathing with warm water, [[abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage), [[utsadana]] (powder massage), [[vyayama]] ( physical exercise), [[atapa sevana]](exposing body to sun light), intercourse

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Varjya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Contraindicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Laghu'' (light in digestion) and ~~''vatala~~ dravya, pramitahara''(~~frequently taking~~ food), ''udamantha''( groat)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Laghu]] (light in digestion) and [[vata]] provoking [[dravya]], pramitahara(food in proper quantity), [[udamantha]]( groat)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Divasvapna'' (sleeping in day time), direct air

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Divasvapna]] (sleeping in day time), direct air

|-

|}

−

====~~= ''~~Shishira ritucharya'' (Regimen for Late winter) =====

+

==== [[Shishira]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Late winter) ====

−

''Hemanta'' and ''shishira'' are similar with the slight difference in that the latter has more roughness due to beginning of ''Adana'' and cold due to clouds, winds and rains. Hence the entire routine of living prescribed for ''Hemanta'' is to be followed in ''Shishira'' also. During ''Shishira'', one should specially live in warmer settings and protect oneself from direct air. Avoid ''katu, tikta, kashaya, laghu, sheeta'' and ~~''vatala''~~ food and drinks.

+

[[Hemanta]] and [[shishira]] are similar with the slight difference in that the latter has more roughness due to beginning of [[Adana]] and cold due to clouds, winds and rains. Hence the entire routine of living prescribed for [[Hemanta]] is to be followed in [[Shishira]] also. During [[Shishira]], one should specially live in warmer settings and protect oneself from direct air. Avoid [[katu]](pungent), [[tikta]] (bitter), [[kashaya]](astringent), [[laghu]](light to digest), [[sheeta]] (cold) and [[vata]] provoking food and drinks.

</div>

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====~~= ''~~Vasanta ritucharya'' (Regimen for Spring) =====

+

==== [[Vasanta]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Spring) ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! ''Ahara'' (diet) !! ''Vihara'' (~~regimen~~)

+

! !! [[Ahara]] (diet) !! [[Vihara]] (lifestyle)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Grahya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | food articles having taste like ''katu''(pungent), ''tikta''(bitter) and ''kasaya''(astringent), ''ruksha''(ununctous), ''laghu'' (light in digestion) and ''ushna dravya''(hot substances) , old wheat, rice and barley, water medicated with ginger, ''khadira''(~~acasia~~ catechu,Linn), ''Musta''(cyperus rotundus Linn) and Honey; ''Jangala ~~Mansa''~~( meat of terrestrial animals), Liquor

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | food articles having taste like [[katu]](pungent), [[tikta]](bitter) and [[kasaya]](astringent), [[ruksha]](ununctous), [[laghu]] (light in digestion) and [[ushna]] [[dravya]](hot substances) , old wheat, rice and barley, water medicated with ginger, [[khadira]](acacia catechu,Linn), ''Musta''(cyperus rotundus Linn) and Honey; [[Jangala Mamsa]]( meat of terrestrial animals), Liquor

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''kavala ~~dharana''~~(medicated gargling), ~~'''~~anjana~~'''~~(application of collyrium), ''dhumapana''(medicated smoking), ''vyayama, udvartana, chandana'' and ''aguru ~~lepa''~~, intercourse, ''vamana''(emesis) and ''nasya''(nasal ~~medication~~)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[kavala]] (medicated gargling), [[anjana]](application of collyrium), [[dhumapana]](medicated smoking), [[vyayama]], [[udvartana]], application of chandana and aguru , sexual intercourse, [[vamana]]( therapeutic emesis) and [[nasya]](nasal errhines)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Varjya''~~

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! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Contra-indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''Madhura''(sweet), ''amla''(sour), ''guru''( heavy in digestion), ''snigdha'' and ''sheeta''(cold) ''dravya'', curd

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[Madhura]](sweet), [[amla]](sour), [[guru]]( heavy in digestion), [[snigdha]] and [[sheeta]](cold) [[dravya]], curd

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | direct sunlight, ''divasvapna''( day sleep), sleeping under dew

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | direct sunlight, [[divasvapna]]( day sleep), sleeping under dew

|-

|}

−

====~~= ''~~Grishma ritucharya'' (Regimen for Summer) =====

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==== [[Grishma]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Summer) ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! ''Ahara'' (diet) !! ''Vihara'' (regimen)

+

! !! [[Ahara]] (diet) !! [[Vihara]] (regimen)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Grahya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''madhura, drava, sheeta, laghu'' and ''snigdha dravya, mantha'' with sugar, rice, ghee, milk, ''shali'' rice, ''Jangala ~~Mansa''~~ (meat of terrestrial animals)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[madhura]], [[drava]], [[sheeta]], [[laghu]] and [[snigdha]] [[dravya, [[mantha]] with sugar, rice, ghee, milk, [[shali]] rice, [[Jangala Mamsa]] (meat of terrestrial animals)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''divasvapna'', living and sleeping in cold place, protection from heat, bathing with cold water, ''chandana ~~lepa~~,'' wearing of light clothes

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| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[divasvapna]], living and sleeping in cold place, protection from heat, bathing with cold water, local application of chandana , wearing of light clothes

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Varjya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Contra-indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''lavana, amla, katu'' and ''ushna dravya'', curd, liquor

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[lavana]], [[amla]], [[katu]] and [[ushna]] [[dravya]], curd, liquor

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''vyayama, atapa sevana,'' intercourse

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[vyayama]], [[atapa sevana]], sexual intercourse

|-

|}

−

====~~= ''~~Varsha ritucharya'' (Regimen for Rainy season) =====

+

==== [[Varsha]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Rainy season) ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! Ahara (diet) !! Vihara (regimen)

+

! !! [[Ahara]] (diet) !! [[Vihara]] (regimen)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~Grahya~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | madhura, amla, lavana, snigdha and ushna dravya, old wheat, rice and barley, gruel prepared with pulses, Food and drinks with honey, boiled and cold water, jangala ~~mansa~~, liquor

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[madhura]], [[amla]], [[lavana]], [[snigdha]] and [[ushna]] [[dravya]], old wheat, rice and barley, gruel prepared with pulses, Food and drinks with honey, boiled and cold water, jangala mamsa, liquor

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | living in dry place, wearing of light clothes, pragharshana, udvartana, basti, virechana, vamana, Use of flowers and perfume

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | living in dry place, wearing of light clothes, [[pragharshana]], [[udvartana]], [[basti]], [[virechana]], [[vamana]], Use of flowers and perfume

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~Varjya~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Contra-indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ruksha and ati-drava dravya (excessive water), udamantha (groat), river water

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[ruksha]] and ati-[[drava]] [[dravya]] (excessive water), [[udamantha]] (groat), river water

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | divasvapna (day sleep) vyayama (physical exercise) living under dew, eastern wind, excessive sunlight exposure, intercourse

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[divasvapna]] (day sleep), [[vyayama]] (physical exercise) living under dew, eastern wind, excessive sunlight exposure, intercourse

|-

|}

−

====~~= ''~~Sharada ritucharya'' (Regimen for Autumn) =====

+

==== [[Sharada]] [[ritucharya]] (Regimen for Autumn) ====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

−

! !! ''Ahara'' (diet) !! ''Vihara'' (regimen)

+

! !! [[Ahara]] (diet) !! [[Vihara]] (regimen)

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Grahya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''madhura''(sweet), ''tikta''(pungent) and ~~''kashya''~~(astringent) ''dravya, laghu'' (light for digestion), ''ruksha''(rough) and ''sheeta''(cold) ''dravya'', wheat, rice, barley and ''mudga'' (green gram), milk, sugar and sugarcane, ''tikta sarpi'' (ghee prepared out of bitter drugs), river water, ~~''Hansodaka~~, Jangala ~~mansa''~~(meat of arid animals)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[madhura]](sweet), [[tikta]](pungent) and [[kashaya]](astringent) [[dravya]], [[laghu]] (light for digestion), [[ruksha]](rough) and [[sheeta]](cold) [[dravya]], wheat, rice, barley and [[mudga]] (green gram), milk, sugar and sugarcane, [[tikta sarpi]] (ghee prepared out of bitter drugs), river water, [[Hamsodaka]], [[Jangala mamsa]](meat of arid animals)

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''virechana(~~''medical~~ purgation), ''raktamokshana'' (~~bloodletting~~), living under moon light, wearing of flowers, pearls, clean clothes

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[virechana]]( therapeutic purgation), [[raktamokshana]] (blood letting), living under moon light, wearing of flowers, pearls, clean clothes

|-

−

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ~~''Varjya''~~

+

! rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Contra-indicated

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''amla''(sour), ''katu'' (pungent), ''tikshana''(sharp) and ''ushna''(hot dry) ''dravya, kshara''(alkaline preparations), oils and fat, curd, ginger, ''anupa'' (animals of marshy land) and ''audaka ~~mansa''~~ (aquatic animals), liquor

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[amla]](sour), [[katu]] (pungent), [[tikshana]](sharp) and [[ushna]](hot dry) [[dravya]], [[kshara]](alkaline preparations), oils and fat, curd, ginger, [[anupa]] (animals of marshy land) and [[audaka mamsa]] (aquatic animals), liquor

−

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | ''divasvapna'' (day sleep), ''vyayama'' (physical exercise), eastern wind, living in dew, ''atapa sevana''(exposing body to sun light)

+

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | [[divasvapna]] (day sleep), [[vyayama]] (physical exercise), eastern wind, living in dew, [[atapa sevana]](exposing body to sun light)

|-

|}

−

*Common ~~Diseases~~ due to ~~Non~~-observance of ''ritucharya''

+

−

Many diseases described in Ayurveda have their own peculiar causes to develop in particular season, like ''jwara, tamaka shvasa, pratishyaya, amlapitta, shirahshula, sandhi-shula, atisara, sheetapitta, kushtha'' etc.

+

===Common diseases due to non-observance of [[ritucharya]]===

−

#''Jwara'' (fever) is of two types, viz., ''prakrita'' (natural) and ''vaikrita'' (unnatural) based on prognosis. On the basis of ''prakriti'' (~~nature~~) of time the fever is termed as ''prakrita'' (natural). ''Kaphaja jwara'' occurs in ''vasanta'' and ~~''pittaja''~~ in ''sharada'' (autumn), are known as ''prakrita'' (normal) and are easily curable, while ~~''vatika~~ jwara'' in ''prakrita'' season (''pravrita'') is not easily curable. Fever occurs in seasons other than that responsible for vitiation of the concerned ''dosha'' is known as ''Vaikrita'' (unnatural) which is troublesome.~~<ref> C~~.Ci. 3/42 ~~</ref>~~

+

−

#''Tamaka shvasa'' (bronchial asthma) is aggravated by cloudy, cold, rainy weather and easterly wind and ''kapha'' increasing factors. On the other hand warmth relieves the symptoms.

+

Many diseases described in [[Ayurveda]] have their own peculiar causes to develop in particular season, like [[jwara]], [[tamaka shvasa]], [[pratishyaya]], [[amlapitta]], [[shirahshula]], [[sandhi-shula]], [[atisara]], [[sheetapitta]], [[kushtha]] etc.

−

#''Pratishyaya'' (rhinitis): Seasonal irregularity is one of the causative factors of ''pratishyaya''.~~<ref> C~~.Ci. 26/104 ~~</ref>~~ Thus ''pratishyaya'' can occur in any season if we do not follow seasonal regimen and especially in exposure to too much of cold.

+

# [[Jwara]] (fever) is of two types, viz., [[prakrita]] (natural) and [[vaikrita]] (unnatural) based on prognosis. On the basis of [[prakriti]] (basic constitution) of time the fever is termed as [[prakrita]] (natural). [[Kaphaja jwara]] occurs in [[vasanta]] and [[pitta]] dominant in [[sharada]] (autumn), are known as [[prakrita]]'' (normal) and are easily curable, while [[vata]] dominant [[jwara]] in [[prakrita]] season ([[pravrita]]) is not easily curable. Fever occurs in seasons other than that responsible for vitiation of the concerned [[dosha]] is known as [[Vaikrita]] (unnatural) which is troublesome. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/42]

−

#''Amlapitta'' (acid peptic disorder) is prevalent in rainy season because of natural accumulation of ''pitta'' in rainy season. Indulgence in foods which are incompatible, spoiled, very sour, causing burning sensation in epigastrium cause increase of ''pitta'' to produce ''amlapitta'', in persons in whom ''pitta'' has already increased.<ref> M.Ni. ~~51/1~~ </ref>

+

#[[Tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) is aggravated by cloudy, cold, rainy weather and easterly wind and [[kapha]] increasing factors. On the other hand warmth relieves the symptoms.

−

#''Shirahshula'' (headache) is a common feature of all types of ''shiroroga'' and is of three types:

+

#[[Pratishyaya]] (rhinitis): Seasonal irregularity is one of the causative factors of [[pratishyaya]].[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/104] Thus [[pratishyaya]] can occur in any season if we do not follow seasonal regimen and especially in exposure to too much of cold.

−

##~~''Vatika~~ shiroroga'':

+

#[[Amlapitta]] (acid peptic disorder) is prevalent in rainy season because of natural accumulation of [[pitta]] in rainy season. Indulgence in foods which are incompatible, spoiled, very sour, causing burning sensation in epigastrium cause increase of [[pitta]] to produce [[amlapitta]], in persons in whom [[pitta]] has already increased. [M.N 51/1]<ref name=Madava>Madhavakara. Madhava Nidanam (Roga vinischaya). Translated from Sanskrit by K. R. Srikantha Murthy. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2007</ref>

+

#[[Shirahshula]] (headache) is a common feature of all types of [[shiroroga]] and is of three types:

+

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shiroroga]]:

###Aggravating factors: Cold season; Rainy season and cloudy days

###Relieving factors: Hot season, clear and shiny sky i.e. cloud free days

−

##~~''Paittika~~ shiroroga'':

+

## [[Pitta]] dominant [[shiroroga]]:

###Aggravating factors: Hot season, Intake of hot food

###Relieving factors: Cold season

−

##~~''Kaphaja~~ shiroroga'':

+

##[[Kapha]] dominant [[shiroroga]]:

###Aggravating factors: Vasanta season, cold season

###Relieving factors: Hot season

−

#''Shula'' (pain)

+

#[[Shula]] (pain)

−

##~~''Vatika~~ shula'': ~~''Vatika~~ shula'' especially gets exacerbated after digestion of food, in the evening time, at the end of night, during cloudy and rainy days, in cold climate, and due to direct and eastern wind exposure.~~<ref>~~ M.~~Ni.~~ 26/4 </~~ref~~> ~~<ref> S~~.Su. 21/20 </~~ref~~> It gets relieved by ''swedana''(sudation), ''abhyanga''(oil massage), ''mardana''(massage), unctuous, and hot food items. On the basis of site the ~~''vatika shula'' may be termed as ''janusandhigata shula'' (Osteo arthritis of knee)~~, ~~''kati shula'' (low backache), ''prishthagata vatika shula''(backache), and ''trikagata vatika shula'' (pain in pelvic region), etc~~.

+

##[[Vata]] dominant [[shula]]: [[Vata]] dominant [[shula]] especially gets exacerbated after digestion of food, in the evening time, at the end of night, during cloudy and rainy days, in cold climate, and due to direct and eastern wind exposure.[M.N 26/4]<ref name=Madava/> [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name=Susruta/> It gets relieved by [[swedana]](sudation), [[abhyanga]](oil massage), [[mardana]](massage), unctuous, and hot food items. On the basis of site of the [[vata]], the different sites are affected.

−

##~~''Paittika~~ shula'': It gets exacerbated during mid day, mid night, at the time of digestion of food, and during ''sharada ritu''. It gets relieved by cold season, cold and ''madhura'' food.~~<ref>~~ M.~~Ni.~~ 26/8 </~~ref~~>

+

##[[Pitta]] dominant [[shula]]: It gets exacerbated during mid day, mid night, at the time of digestion of food, and during [[sharada]] [[ritu]]. It gets relieved by cold season, cold and [[madhura]] food. [M.N 26/8]<ref name=Madava/>

−

##~~''Kaphaja~~ shula'': This type of pain gets exacerbated just after intake of food, during early morning, at the beginning of night, and during ''shishira'' and ''vasanta'' seasons.~~<ref>~~ M.~~Ni.~~ 26/10 </~~ref~~>

+

##[[Kapha]] dominant [[shula]]: This type of pain gets exacerbated just after intake of food, during early morning, at the beginning of night, and during [[shishira]] and [[vasanta]] seasons. [M.N 26/10]<ref name=Madava/>

−

#''Atisara'' (diarrhea): ''Rituviparyaya'' (any deviation from seasonal regimen) is ~~the main~~ cause of ''atisara'' .~~<ref> S~~.Ut. 40/4 </~~ref~~>

+

#[[Atisara]] (diarrhea): [[Rituviparyaya]] (any deviation from seasonal regimen) is an important cause of [[atisara]] .[Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 40/4]<ref name=Susruta/>

−

#''Sheetapitta'' (urticaria): Exposure to cold air aggravates ''kapha'' and ''vata dosha'', and along with ''pitta'' cause ''sheetapitta''. It increases during rainy and winter seasons and especially in ''shishira ritu''.~~<ref>~~ M.~~Ni.~~ 50/1 </~~ref~~>

+

#[[Sheetapitta]] (urticaria): Exposure to cold air aggravates [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [[dosha]], and along with [[pitta]] cause [[sheetapitta]]. It increases during rainy and winter seasons and especially in [[shishira]] [[ritu]]. [M.N 50/1]<ref name=Madava/>

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#''Kushtha'' (skin diseases): The first important cause of ''kushtha'' is ''viruddha anna-pana'' (intake of antagonistic food), which includes ''kala viruddha'' also for e.g. during hot season intake of ''katu'' and hot variety of foods and during cold season ''ruksha'' (rough) and ''sheeta'' (cold) foods are ''kala viruddha''.~~<ref> C~~. Ci. 7/4-8 ~~</ref>~~

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#[[Kushtha]] (skin diseases): The first important cause of [[kushtha]] is [[viruddha anna-pana]] (intake of antagonistic food), which includes [[kala viruddha]] also for e.g. during hot season intake of [[katu]] and hot variety of foods and during cold season [[ruksha]] (rough) and [[sheeta]] (cold) foods are [[kala]] [[viruddha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/4-8]

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===== Effect of seasonal changes on health =====

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=== Effect of seasonal changes on health ===

Various researches have proved the direct relation of seasonal variation on physiological and pathological changes in body:

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*Weather has an important influence on morbidity in the winter because cold, dry air leads to excessive dehydration of nasal passages and upper respiratory tract, and increased chance of microbial and viral infection. In general, total mortality is about 15% higher on an average winter day than on an average summer day, according to National Center for Health Statistics, 1978.

*Mortality rate during heat waves increases with age.<ref> Oechsli et al, 1970 </ref> <ref> Buechley et al, 1972 </ref> The elderly seem to suffer from impaired physiological responses and often are unable to increase their cardiac output sufficiently during extremely hot weather.<ref> Sprung C.L., 1979 </ref>

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*It was noted that men who had taken bath in ~~15oC~~ water for one-half hour over nine consecutive days before a trip to the Arctic showed less signs of cold-induced stress than non-treated men. It indicates that adaptation to cold temperatures can occur through repeated exposures. <ref> Radomski and ~~Boutelier,~~ 1982 </ref>

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*It was noted that men who had taken bath in 15 degree Celcius water for one-half hour over nine consecutive days before a trip to the Arctic showed less signs of cold-induced stress than non-treated men. It indicates that adaptation to cold temperatures can occur through repeated exposures. <ref> Radomski MW, Boutelier C. Hormone response of normal and intermittent cold-preadapted humans to continuous cold. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982;53(3):610‐616. doi:10.1152/jappl.1982.53.3.610 </ref>

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*To a great extent, the seasonal changes in the immune system are controlled by changes in the levels of various hormones, particularly melatonin. Serum levels of melatonin were found to be highest in the winter months in both normal individuals and SLE patients.<ref> Nelson et al., 2000 </ref> There is natural increase in ''bala'' (strength/immunity) of individuals during winter i.e. ''hemanta'' and ''shishira ritu''.

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*To a great extent, the seasonal changes in the immune system are controlled by changes in the levels of various hormones, particularly melatonin. Serum levels of melatonin were found to be highest in the winter months in both normal individuals and SLE patients.<ref> Nelson et al., 2000 </ref> There is natural increase in ''bala'' (strength/immunity) of individuals during winter i.e. [[hemanta]] and [[shishira]] [[ritu]].

*Striking seasonal variations have been demonstrated in the plasma and saliva levels of the glucocorticoid, cortisol, which promotes carbohydrate metabolism. The lowest levels of cortisol were found in healthy individuals during spring and summer, while the highest levels were found during autumn and winter seasons.<ref> Walker et al, 1997 </ref>

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*''Agni'' (digestive power) of individuals is strong during winter i.e. ''hemanta'' and ''shishira ritu'', and weakest during ''grishma'' and ''varsha ritu.''

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*''Agni'' (digestive power) of individuals is strong during winter i.e. [[hemanta]] and [[shishira]] [[ritu]], and weakest during [[grishma]] and [[varsha]] [[ritu]].

*Rheumatic diseases vary in severity by season. The incidence of acute gouty attacks (an inflammatory arthritis) is highest in the spring season.<ref> Schlesinger N et al., 1998 </ref> Schlesinger N.et al. (2009) explained in his paper “Seasonal Variation of Rheumatic Diseases” that seasonal variation has been shown in a number of rheumatic diseases.<ref> Schlesinger N et al, 2009 </ref>

*Coronary artery disease shows a winter peak and summer trough in incidence and mortality.<ref> Sher L., 2001 </ref> Leo Sher also proposed that seasonal mood changes may contribute to the increased incidence and mortality of coronary artery disease in winter. Depression is associated with increased incidence, morbidity, and mortality of coronary artery disease.

*“Seasonal affective disorder” is a condition where depression in the winter and fall alternate with non-depressive periods in the spring and summer. The degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called "seasonality." Recent studies have demonstrated that seasonal mood changes are related to the genetic factors. It means that people may have genetically‐determined sensitivity to seasons.

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*Jaiswal et al, 2011, in a clinical survey<ref> Jaiswal Rahul et al, 2011 </ref> found a significant relation between seasonal variation and prevalence of some diseases viz. ''jwara'' (viral fever), ''amlapitta'' (acid peptic disorders), ''tamaka shvasa'' (bronchial asthma), ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) and ~~''sirashula''~~ (~~''pittaja sirashula''~~ and ''ardhavabhedaka'', migraine). They also observed that there is seasonal variation in the state of ''agni'' and bala strength) of the person, as stated by our ancient seers.

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*Jaiswal et al, 2011, in a clinical survey<ref> Jaiswal Rahul et al, 2011 </ref> found a significant relation between seasonal variation and prevalence of some diseases viz. [[jwara]] (viral fever), [[amlapitta]] (acid peptic disorders), [[tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma), [[pratishyaya]] (rhinitis) and [[shirashula]] ([[pitta]] dominant [[shirashula]] and [[ardhavabhedaka]], migraine). They also observed that there is seasonal variation in the state of [[agni]] and [[bala]] (strength) of the person, as stated by our ancient seers.

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*Nathani et al, 2013, in a clinical research<ref> Nathani Neeru et al, 2013 </ref> found that maximum number of patients of ''tamaka shvasa'' (bronchial asthma) were registered in winter seasons (''hemanta'' and ''shishira''), ''vasanta'' and ''varsha''. These seasons were the predominant period of asthma attack in majority of cases. In maximum number of cases the attack of ''tamaka shvasa'' gets precipitated by intake of ''kapha'' and ''vata'' vitiating ''sheeta, guru, madhura'' and ''amla rasa'' predominant ''ahara'' like ice-cream, cold drink, cold water, fruit juices, curd, sweets, rice, pickle, salad with lemon etc. in all seasons.

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*Nathani et al, 2013, in a clinical research<ref> Nathani Neeru et al, 2013 </ref> found that maximum number of patients of [[tamaka shvasa]] (bronchial asthma) were registered in winter seasons ([[hemanta]] and [[shishira]]), [[vasanta]] and [[varsha]]. These seasons were the predominant period of asthma attack in majority of cases. In maximum number of cases the attack of [[tamaka shvasa]] gets precipitated by intake of [[kapha]] and [[vata]] vitiating [[sheeta]], [[guru]], [[madhura]] and [[amla]] [[rasa]] predominant [[ahara]] like ice-cream, cold drink, cold water, fruit juices, curd, sweets, rice, pickle, salad with lemon etc. in all seasons.

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== Research on Hamsoadaka ==

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A research was conducted with the objective of revalidating the principle of checking the purity of hansodaka. Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of water during the rise of the Canopus star in the autumn season in different water reservoirs was carried out. In 2015, two litres of water was collected in sterilized glass bottles from water reservoirs, Rakkaskoppa and Fort Lake. In 2016, water samples were collected from Jamboti water. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were done at three different periods, like before 15 days of rise of Canopus star, during rise of Canopus star and after 15 days of rise of Canopus star.The physico chemical analysis of water during Canopus star showed that the values of pH, total alkalinity, CaCO3, sulphates, chlorides, biological oxygen demand level were decreased. A reduction in microbiological bacterial count was observed but no changes were noted with fungal count. From these results, it can be interpreted that there was a positive effect of Canopus star on the purification of water, physico chemical and microbiological parameters.However,the results may vary on the level of contamination and environmental conditions.<ref>Savita Sajjan,Vedantam Giridhar.A Novel Study on Physico Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Water

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During Rise of Agastya Nakshatra (Canopus Star) in Autumn Season.RJAS,2021;8(2):35-40</ref>

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=== References ===

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