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→Kshatodara
Clinical presentations include absolute constipation, no passing of the flatus. This is true even after repeated enemata. Abdominal pain initially referred to umbilicus. Eventually the abdominal pain turns into colicky in nature due to strong peristalsis trying to overcome the obstruction. Tenderness is little. Since the beginning the patient will have projectile vomiting. Vomitus consists of food particles initially and then bile follows and finally stercoraceous with fecal odor. Abdominal distention is noticed, more in the flanks in colonic obstruction and will be seen in the central abdomen if, the obstruction is in the intestines. Peristalsis may be visible. Gradually the patient develops the constitutional symptoms like prostration, thready rapid pulse. Urine is diminished. Obstruction located in proximal intestines may cause tetany [39-41].
Clinical presentations include absolute constipation, no passing of the flatus. This is true even after repeated enemata. Abdominal pain initially referred to umbilicus. Eventually the abdominal pain turns into colicky in nature due to strong peristalsis trying to overcome the obstruction. Tenderness is little. Since the beginning the patient will have projectile vomiting. Vomitus consists of food particles initially and then bile follows and finally stercoraceous with fecal odor. Abdominal distention is noticed, more in the flanks in colonic obstruction and will be seen in the central abdomen if, the obstruction is in the intestines. Peristalsis may be visible. Gradually the patient develops the constitutional symptoms like prostration, thready rapid pulse. Urine is diminished. Obstruction located in proximal intestines may cause tetany [39-41].
==== Kshatodara ====
==== ''Kshatodara'' ====
The word kshatodara is formed by the component terms kshata and udara. The Sanskrit term kshata refers to the perforation caused by substances like sand particles. Kshatodara is caused by perforation of the intestines due entangling of the foreign substances that are consumed along with the food. Thus, the distension of the abdomen caused by the perforation of the intestines is termed as kshatodara31.
The word ''kshatodara'' is formed by the component terms ''kshata'' and ''udara''. The Sanskrit term ''kshata'' refers to the perforation caused by substances like sand particles. ''Kshatodara'' is caused by perforation of the intestines due entangling of the foreign substances that are consumed along with the food. Thus, the distension of the abdomen caused by the perforation of the intestines is termed as ''kshatodara''31.
==== Parisrāavi udara ====
==== Parisrāavi udara ====