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Factors responsible for manifestation of innumerable diseases:

==== Factors responsible for manifestation of innumerable diseases ====

 

प्रकुपितास्तु खलु ते प्रकोपणविशेषाद्दूष्यविशेषाच्च विकारविशेषानभिनिर्वर्तयन्त्यपरिसङ्ख्येयान्||७||

प्रकुपितास्तु खलु ते प्रकोपणविशेषाद्दूष्यविशेषाच्च विकारविशेषानभिनिर्वर्तयन्त्यपरिसङ्ख्येयान्||७||

prakupitāstu khalu tē prakōpaṇaviśēṣāddūṣyaviśēṣācca vikāraviśēṣānabhinirvartayantyaparisaṅkhyēyān||7||  

prakupitāstu khalu tē prakōpaṇaviśēṣāddūṣyaviśēṣācca vikāraviśēṣānabhinirvartayantyaparisaṅkhyēyān||7||  

prakupitAstu khalu te prakopaNavisheShAddUShyavisheShAcca

prakupitAstu khalu te prakopaNavisheShAddUShyavisheShAcca

vikAravisheShAnabhinirvartayantyaparisa~gkhyeyAn||7||

vikAravisheShAnabhinirvartayantyaparisa~gkhyeyAn||7||

Psycho-somatic diseases:

 

==== Psycho-somatic diseases ====

 

ते च विकाराः परस्परमनुवर्तमानाः कदाचिदनुबध्नन्ति कामादयो ज्वरादयश्च||८||

ते च विकाराः परस्परमनुवर्तमानाः कदाचिदनुबध्नन्ति कामादयो ज्वरादयश्च||८||

tē ca vikārāḥ parasparamanuvartamānāḥ kadācidanubadhnanti kāmādayō jvarādayaśca||8||

tē ca vikārāḥ parasparamanuvartamānāḥ kadācidanubadhnanti kāmādayō jvarādayaśca||8||

te ca vikArAH parasparamanuvartamAnAH kadAcidanubadhnanti kAmAdayo jvarAdayashca||8||

te ca vikArAH parasparamanuvartamAnAH kadAcidanubadhnanti kAmAdayo jvarAdayashca||8||

When allowed to persist for long, these psychic diseases viz. kama (passion) etc., and somatic diseases viz. fever etc., at times get combined with each other. (8)

When allowed to persist for long, these psychic diseases viz. kama (passion) etc., and somatic diseases viz. fever etc., at times get combined with each other. [8]

 

नियतस्त्वनुबन्धो रजस्तमसोः परस्परं, न ह्यरजस्कं तमः प्रवर्तते ||९||

नियतस्त्वनुबन्धो रजस्तमसोः परस्परं, न ह्यरजस्कं तमः प्रवर्तते ||९||

niyatastvanubandhō rajastamasōḥ parasparaṁ, na hyarajaskaṁ tamaḥ pravartatē  ||9||  

niyatastvanubandhō rajastamasōḥ parasparaṁ, na hyarajaskaṁ tamaḥ pravartatē  ||9||  

niyatastvanubandho rajastamasoH parasparaM, na hyarajaskaM tamaH pravartate ||9||

niyatastvanubandho rajastamasoH parasparaM, na hyarajaskaM tamaH pravartate ||9||

Combination of physical doshas:

(प्रायः) शारीरदोषाणामेकाधिष्ठानीयानां सन्निपातः संसर्गो वा समानगुणत्वात्; दोषा हि दूषणैः समानाः||१०||

 

==== Combination of physical doshas ====

 

(प्रायः) शारीरदोषाणामेकाधिष्ठानीयानां सन्निपातः संसर्गो वा समानगुणत्वात्; दोषा हि दूषणैः समानाः||१०||

 

(prāyaḥ) śārīradōṣāṇāmēkādhiṣṭhānīyānāṁ sannipātaḥ saṁsargō vā samānaguṇatvāt; dōṣā hi dūṣaṇaiḥsamānāḥ||10||

(prāyaḥ) śārīradōṣāṇāmēkādhiṣṭhānīyānāṁ sannipātaḥ saṁsargō vā samānaguṇatvāt; dōṣā hi dūṣaṇaiḥsamānāḥ||10||

(prAyaH) shArIradoShANAmekAdhiShThAnIyAnAM sannipAtaH saMsargo vA samAnaguNatvAt; doShA hi dUShaNaiH samAnAH||10||

(prAyaH) shArIradoShANAmekAdhiShThAnIyAnAM sannipAtaH saMsargo vA samAnaguNatvAt; doShA hi dUShaNaiH samAnAH||10||

Primary & Secondary diseases:

 

==== Primary & Secondary diseases ====

 

तत्रानुबन्ध्यानुबन्धकृतो विशेषः- स्वतन्त्रो व्यक्तलिङ्गो यथोक्तसमुत्थानप्रशमो भवत्यनुबन्ध्यः, तद्विपरीतलक्षणस्त्वनुबन्धः| अनुबन्ध्यलक्षणसमन्वितास्तत्र  

तत्रानुबन्ध्यानुबन्धकृतो विशेषः- स्वतन्त्रो व्यक्तलिङ्गो यथोक्तसमुत्थानप्रशमो भवत्यनुबन्ध्यः, तद्विपरीतलक्षणस्त्वनुबन्धः| अनुबन्ध्यलक्षणसमन्वितास्तत्र  

यदि दोषा भवन्ति तत्त्रिकं सन्निपातमाचक्षते, द्वयं वा संसर्गम्| अनुबन्ध्यानुबन्धविशेषकृतस्तु बहुविधो दोषभेदः| एवमेष सञ्ज्ञाप्रकृतो भिषजां दोषेषु व्याधिषु च नानाप्रकृतिविशेषव्यूहः ||११||

यदि दोषा भवन्ति तत्त्रिकं सन्निपातमाचक्षते, द्वयं वा संसर्गम्| अनुबन्ध्यानुबन्धविशेषकृतस्तु बहुविधो दोषभेदः| एवमेष सञ्ज्ञाप्रकृतो भिषजां दोषेषु व्याधिषु च नानाप्रकृतिविशेषव्यूहः ||११||

tatrānubandhyānubandhakr̥tō viśēṣaḥ- svatantrō vyaktaliṅgō yathōktasamutthānapraśamōbhavatyanubandhyaḥ, tadviparītalakṣaṇastvanubandhaḥ|  

tatrānubandhyānubandhakr̥tō viśēṣaḥ- svatantrō vyaktaliṅgō yathōktasamutthānapraśamōbhavatyanubandhyaḥ, tadviparītalakṣaṇastvanubandhaḥ|  

anubandhyalakṣaṇasamanvitāstatra  yadi dōṣā bhavanti tattrikaṁ sannipātamācakṣatē, dvayaṁ vāsaṁsargam|  

anubandhyalakṣaṇasamanvitāstatra  yadi dōṣā bhavanti tattrikaṁ sannipātamācakṣatē, dvayaṁ vāsaṁsargam|  

anubandhyānubandhaviśēṣakr̥tastu bahuvidhō dōṣabhēdaḥ|  

anubandhyānubandhaviśēṣakr̥tastu bahuvidhō dōṣabhēdaḥ|  

ēvamēṣa sañjñāprakr̥tō bhiṣajāṁ dōṣēṣu vyādhiṣu ca nānāprakr̥tiviśēṣavyūhaḥ  ||11||

ēvamēṣa sañjñāprakr̥tō bhiṣajāṁ dōṣēṣu vyādhiṣu ca nānāprakr̥tiviśēṣavyūhaḥ  ||11||

tatrAnubandhyAnubandhakRuto visheShaH- sVatantro vyaktali~ggo yathoktasamutthAnaprashamo bhavatyanubandhyaH, tadviparItalakShaNastvanubandhaH|

tatrAnubandhyAnubandhakRuto visheShaH- sVatantro vyaktali~ggo yathoktasamutthAnaprashamo bhavatyanubandhyaH, tadviparItalakShaNastvanubandhaH|

anubandhyalakShaNasamanvitAstatra yadi doShA bhavanti tattrikaM sannipAtamAcakShate,

anubandhyalakShaNasamanvitAstatra yadi doShA bhavanti tattrikaM sannipAtamAcakShate,

evameSha sa~jj~jAprakRuto bhiShajAM doSheShu vyAdhiShu ca nAnAprakRutivisheShavyUhaH||11||

evameSha sa~jj~jAprakRuto bhiShajAM doSheShu vyAdhiShu ca nAnAprakRutivisheShavyUhaH||11||

Characteristic features of primary and secondary (subordinate) diseases are as follows:

==== Characteristic features of primary and secondary (subordinate) diseases are as follows ====

The primary disease manifests its own symptoms independently; this morbid condition is caused by factors specific to the manifestation of the disease. This can be cured by the therapies prescribed for that particular disease. The subordinate disease is characterized by opposite features. If all the three doshas are primarily vitiated at a time, the condition is known as sannipata. If only two of the doshas are vitiated, it is called samsarga. Depending upon the primary and subordinate nature of doshas, they are of many types. Considering such characteristic features, physicians attribute various names (like jwara or fever and atisara or diarrhea) to different conditions caused by doshas and diseases. (11)

 

Four types of Agni:

The primary disease manifests its own symptoms independently; this morbid condition is caused by factors specific to the manifestation of the disease. This can be cured by the therapies prescribed for that particular disease. The subordinate disease is characterized by opposite features. If all the three doshas are primarily vitiated at a time, the condition is known as sannipata. If only two of the doshas are vitiated, it is called samsarga. Depending upon the primary and subordinate nature of doshas, they are of many types. Considering such characteristic features, physicians attribute various names (like jwara or fever and atisara or diarrhea) to different conditions caused by doshas and diseases. [11]

 

==== Four types of Agni ====

 

अग्निषु तु शारीरेषु चतुर्विधो  विशेषो बलभेदेन भवति| तद्यथा- तीक्ष्णो, मन्दः, समो, विषमश्चेति| तत्र तीक्ष्णोऽग्निः सर्वापचारसहः, तद्विपरीतलक्षणस्तु मन्दः, समस्तु खल्वपचारतो विकृतिमापद्यतेऽनपचारतस्तु प्रकृताववतिष्ठते,  

अग्निषु तु शारीरेषु चतुर्विधो  विशेषो बलभेदेन भवति| तद्यथा- तीक्ष्णो, मन्दः, समो, विषमश्चेति| तत्र तीक्ष्णोऽग्निः सर्वापचारसहः, तद्विपरीतलक्षणस्तु मन्दः, समस्तु खल्वपचारतो विकृतिमापद्यतेऽनपचारतस्तु प्रकृताववतिष्ठते,  

समलक्षणविपरीतलक्षणस्तु विषम इति| एते चतुर्विधा भवन्त्यग्नयश्चतुर्विधानामेव पुरुषाणाम्| तत्र समवातपित्तश्लेष्मणां प्रकृतिस्थानां समा भवन्त्यग्नयः, वातलानां तु वाताभिभूतेऽग्न्यधिष्ठाने विषमा भवन्त्यग्नयः, पित्तलानां तु पित्ताभिभूते ह्यग्न्यधिष्ठाने तीक्ष्णा भवन्त्यग्नयः, श्लेष्मलानां तु श्लेष्माभिभूतेऽग्न्यधिष्ठाने मन्दा भवन्त्यग्नयः||१२||

समलक्षणविपरीतलक्षणस्तु विषम इति| एते चतुर्विधा भवन्त्यग्नयश्चतुर्विधानामेव पुरुषाणाम्| तत्र समवातपित्तश्लेष्मणां प्रकृतिस्थानां समा भवन्त्यग्नयः, वातलानां तु वाताभिभूतेऽग्न्यधिष्ठाने विषमा भवन्त्यग्नयः, पित्तलानां तु पित्ताभिभूते ह्यग्न्यधिष्ठाने तीक्ष्णा भवन्त्यग्नयः, श्लेष्मलानां तु श्लेष्माभिभूतेऽग्न्यधिष्ठाने मन्दा भवन्त्यग्नयः||१२||

agniṣu tu śārīrēṣu caturvidhō viśēṣō balabhēdēna bhavati|  

agniṣu tu śārīrēṣu caturvidhō viśēṣō balabhēdēna bhavati|  

tadyathā- tīkṣṇō, mandaḥ, samō, viṣamaścēti|  

tadyathā- tīkṣṇō, mandaḥ, samō, viṣamaścēti|  

ētē caturvidhā bhavantyagnayaścaturvidhānāmēva puruṣāṇām|  

ētē caturvidhā bhavantyagnayaścaturvidhānāmēva puruṣāṇām|  

tatra samavātapittaślēṣmaṇāṁ prakr̥tisthānāṁ samā bhavantyagnayaḥ, vātalānāṁ tuvātābhibhūtē'gnyadhiṣṭhānē viṣamā bhavantyagnayaḥ, pittalānāṁ tu pittābhibhūtē hyagnyadhiṣṭhānē tīkṣṇābhavantyagnayaḥ, ślēṣmalānāṁ tu ślēṣmābhibhūtē'gnyadhiṣṭhānē mandā bhavantyagnayaḥ||12||

tatra samavātapittaślēṣmaṇāṁ prakr̥tisthānāṁ samā bhavantyagnayaḥ, vātalānāṁ tuvātābhibhūtē'gnyadhiṣṭhānē viṣamā bhavantyagnayaḥ, pittalānāṁ tu pittābhibhūtē hyagnyadhiṣṭhānē tīkṣṇābhavantyagnayaḥ, ślēṣmalānāṁ tu ślēṣmābhibhūtē'gnyadhiṣṭhānē mandā bhavantyagnayaḥ||12||

AgniShu tu shArIreShu caturvidho visheSho balabhedena bhavati| tadyathA- tIkShNo, mandaH, samo, viShamashceti| tatra tIkShNo~AgniH sarvApacArasahaH, tadviparItalakShaNastu mandaH, samastu khalvapacArato

AgniShu tu shArIreShu caturvidho visheSho balabhedena bhavati| tadyathA- tIkShNo, mandaH, samo, viShamashceti| tatra tIkShNo~AgniH sarvApacArasahaH, tadviparItalakShaNastu mandaH, samastu khalvapacArato

vikRutimApadyate~anapacAratastu prakRutAvavatiShThate,

vikRutimApadyate~anapacAratastu prakRutAvavatiShThate,

shleShmalAnAM tu shleShmAbhibhUte~agnyadhiShThAne

shleShmalAnAM tu shleShmAbhibhUte~agnyadhiShThAne

mandA bhavantyagnayaH||12||

mandA bhavantyagnayaH||12||

Depending upon their intensity, agnis (factors responsible for digestion and metabolism) located in the body of human beings can be classified under four categories, viz. tikshna(severe), manda(low), sama(normal) and vishama(irregular). The tikshna type is capable of tolerating all types of irregularities whereas the manda type is of opposite nature, i.e. even a small irregularity will impair its functioning. The sama or balanced type of agni gets impaired even by minor irregularities; it maintains its normalcy so long as there is no irregularity. The irregular type of agni, as opposed to sama or balanced type, sometimes gets impaired and sometime it does not get impaired by irregularities.

Depending upon their intensity, agnis (factors responsible for digestion and metabolism) located in the body of human beings can be classified under four categories, viz. tikshna(severe), manda(low), sama(normal) and vishama(irregular). The tikshna type is capable of tolerating all types of irregularities whereas the manda type is of opposite nature, i.e. even a small irregularity will impair its functioning. The sama or balanced type of agni gets impaired even by minor irregularities; it maintains its normalcy so long as there is no irregularity. The irregular type of agni, as opposed to sama or balanced type, sometimes gets impaired and sometime it does not get impaired by irregularities.

These four types of agni occur in the four types of individuals. In individuals having vata, pitta and kapha in their balanced and normal state, the agnis are regular or balanced. In the case of individuals having the dominance of vata constitution, due to the affliction of the site of agni by vata, their agnis are irregular. In the case of individuals having the dominance of pitta, the agnis are sharp. Similarly, in the case of individuals having the dominance of kapha in the constitution, the agnis are mild due to the affliction of the site of agni by kapha. (12)

These four types of agni occur in the four types of individuals. In individuals having vata, pitta and kapha in their balanced and normal state, the agnis are regular or balanced. In the case of individuals having the dominance of vata constitution, due to the affliction of the site of agni by vata, their agnis are irregular. In the case of individuals having the dominance of pitta, the agnis are sharp. Similarly, in the case of individuals having the dominance of kapha in the constitution, the agnis are mild due to the affliction of the site of agni by kapha. [12]

Physical constitution:

 

==== Physical constitution ====

 

तत्र केचिदाहुः- न समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणो जन्तवः सन्ति, विषमाहारोपयोगित्वान्मनुष्याणां; तस्माच्च वातप्रकृतयः केचित्, केचित् पित्तप्रकृतयः, केचित् पुनः श्लेष्मप्रकृतयो भवन्तीति| तच्चानुपपन्नं, कस्मात् कारणात्? समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणं ह्यरोगमिच्छन्ति भिषजः, यतः प्रकृतिश्चारोग्यम्, आरोग्यार्था च भेषजप्रवृत्तिः, सा चेष्टरूपा, तस्मात् सन्ति समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणः; न खलु सन्ति  वातप्रकृतयः पित्तप्रकृतयः श्लेष्मप्रकृतयो वा|

तत्र केचिदाहुः- न समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणो जन्तवः सन्ति, विषमाहारोपयोगित्वान्मनुष्याणां; तस्माच्च वातप्रकृतयः केचित्, केचित् पित्तप्रकृतयः, केचित् पुनः श्लेष्मप्रकृतयो भवन्तीति| तच्चानुपपन्नं, कस्मात् कारणात्? समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणं ह्यरोगमिच्छन्ति भिषजः, यतः प्रकृतिश्चारोग्यम्, आरोग्यार्था च भेषजप्रवृत्तिः, सा चेष्टरूपा, तस्मात् सन्ति समवातपित्तश्लेष्माणः; न खलु सन्ति  वातप्रकृतयः पित्तप्रकृतयः श्लेष्मप्रकृतयो वा|

तस्य तस्य किल दोषस्याधिक्यात् सा सा दोषप्रकृतिरुच्यते मनुष्याणां, न च विकृतेषु  

तस्य तस्य किल दोषस्याधिक्यात् सा सा दोषप्रकृतिरुच्यते मनुष्याणां, न च विकृतेषु