Changes

==== Advice regarding ''basti'' administration: [verse 48-49] ====

==== Advice regarding ''basti'' administration: [verse 48-49] ====

*Unprocessed ''snehabasti'' is to be avoided in general as it causes ''abhishyanda''. This may be explained by the fact that uncooked fats contain more free radicals and long chain fatty acids. Whereas due to cooking the free radicals are removed and long chain fatty acids may get converted into short chain fatty acids. Free radicals have a number of ill effects and they may increase preexisting inflammation. Short chain fatty acids are easily absorbed from colon whereas long chain fatty acids are rarely absorbed.  

*Unprocessed ''snehabasti'' is to be avoided in general as it causes ''abhishyanda''. This may be explained by the fact that uncooked fats contain more free radicals<ref>Prabhu, H.R. Indian J Clin Biochem (2000) 15: 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02873539 </ref> and long chain fatty acids. Whereas due to cooking the free radicals are removed and long chain fatty acids may get converted into short chain fatty acids. Free radicals have a number of ill effects and they may increase preexisting inflammation. Short chain fatty acids are easily absorbed from colon whereas long chain fatty acids are rarely absorbed.  

*Fat digestion depends upon lipase enzyme, bile salts etc. Consuming fats from oral as well as from ''basti'' may dilute these enzymatic actions and also the process of emulsification  is hampered thus most of the part of fats remain undigested which may in turn reduce digestive strength.

*Fat digestion depends upon lipase enzyme, bile salts etc. Consuming fats from oral as well as from ''basti'' may dilute these enzymatic actions and also the process of emulsification  is hampered thus most of the part of fats remain undigested which may in turn reduce digestive strength.

*''Utklesha, agnimandya'' and ''vataprakopa''- Continuous use of ''snehabasti'' may cause ''utklesha'' as ''snehabasti'' is also an alternative way of oleation therapy (Ch. Su. 13/24). If continued still further, then ''ama'' formation occurs as indigested ''sneha'' and ''utklishtha'' (eager to be removed) ''dosha'' are not removed from the body by any ''shodhana'' procedure like ''virechana'' or ''niruha''. ''Niruha'' on the contrary causes removal of vitiated ''dosha'', next comes ''dhatu'' and when ''dhatus'' are removed from body then ''vata'' vitiation occurs. This can be correlated to the fact that if continuous ''niruha'' are given, it causes inflammation of mucosal lining or may further damage the colonic mucosa leading to leakage of nutrients from mucosa and negatively affecting nutritional activity of colonic bacterial flora.

*''Utklesha, agnimandya'' and ''vataprakopa''- Continuous use of ''snehabasti'' may cause ''utklesha'' as ''snehabasti'' is also an alternative way of oleation therapy (Ch. Su. 13/24). If continued still further, then ''ama'' formation occurs as indigested ''sneha'' and ''utklishtha'' (eager to be removed) ''dosha'' are not removed from the body by any ''shodhana'' procedure like ''virechana'' or ''niruha''. ''Niruha'' on the contrary causes removal of vitiated ''dosha'', next comes ''dhatu'' and when ''dhatus'' are removed from body then ''vata'' vitiation occurs. This can be correlated to the fact that if continuous ''niruha'' are given, it causes inflammation of mucosal lining or may further damage the colonic mucosa leading to leakage of nutrients from mucosa and negatively affecting nutritional activity of colonic bacterial flora.