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== Etymology and derivation ==
== Etymology and derivation ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word shirodhara comprises two words viz shiras and dhara. ‘Shiras’ means head and ‘dhara’ means pouring liquids on the [[Sharira|body]] (seka). The word dhara comes from the Sanskrit root ‘dhr’ (dhr +nich+ang) which means falling of liquid.<ref name="ref3">Raja Radhakanthadeva Bahadur, Sabdakalpadruma,edited by Varadaprasadavasu.2nd edition. Delhi. Naga publishers. 2003.Volume 2, p-795.</ref> Thus, shirodhara is pouring liquid on the head.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word shirodhara comprises two words viz shiras and dhara. ‘Shiras’ means head and ‘dhara’ means pouring liquids on the [[Sharira|body]] (seka). The word dhara comes from the Sanskrit root ‘dhr’ (dhr + nich + ang) which means falling of liquid.<ref name="ref3">Raja Radhakanthadeva Bahadur, Sabdakalpadruma,edited by Varadaprasadavasu.2nd edition. Delhi. Naga publishers. 2003.Volume 2, p-795.</ref> Thus, shirodhara is pouring liquid on the head.</p>
== Synonyms ==
== Synonyms ==
=== Takra dhara (therapeutic streaming of butter milk) ===
=== Takra dhara (therapeutic streaming of butter milk) ===
<p style="text-align:justify;">Here medicated takra (butter milk) is used for shirodhara. It is indicated in diseases having [[Kapha dosha|kapha]] [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] vitiation. The drugs which are cold in touch/potency are indicated for shirodhara in headache due to vitiated pitta (paittika shirobhitapa)). [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 24/11]</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Here medicated takra (butter milk) is used for shirodhara. It is indicated in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] having [[Kapha dosha|kapha]] [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] vitiation. The drugs which are cold in touch/potency are indicated for shirodhara in headache due to vitiated pitta (paittika shirobhitapa)). [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 24/11]</p>
=== Ksheera dhara (therapeutic streaming of milk) ===
=== Ksheera dhara (therapeutic streaming of milk) ===
<p style="text-align:justify;">As the name suggests, medicated or non-medicated milk is advised for shirodhara in [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] associated diseases of [[Vata dosha|vata]]. The milk processed with dashamula is indicated for therapeutic streaming overhead in headache due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] (vatika shirobhitapa). [A. Hri. Uttara Sthana 24/3]</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">As the name suggests, medicated or non-medicated milk is advised for shirodhara in [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] associated [[Vyadhi|diseases]] of [[Vata dosha|vata]]. The milk processed with dashamula is indicated for therapeutic streaming overhead in headache due to vitiated [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] (vatika shirobhitapa). [A. Hri. Uttara Sthana 24/3]</p>
=== Kwathadhara (therapeutic streaming of decoction) ===
=== Kwathadhara (therapeutic streaming of decoction) ===
=== Jaladhara (therapeutic streaming of water) ===
=== Jaladhara (therapeutic streaming of water) ===
<p style="text-align:justify;">Even the use of mere cold water can give benefits of the shirodhara procedure in the case of paithika rogas (diseases having origin from [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]]). Therapeutic streaming of cold water (shita jala) is indicated for bleeding hemorrhoids. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/218]</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Even the use of mere cold water can give benefits of the shirodhara procedure in the case of paithika rogas ([[Vyadhi|diseases]] having origin from [[Pitta dosha|pitta dosha]]). Therapeutic streaming of cold water (shita jala) is indicated for bleeding hemorrhoids. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/218]</p>
== Types of shirodhara based on reusage.<ref name="ref1">Pavana Jayaram, Manoj Sankaranarayana, Dharakalpa, Karaliya cikitsa padhati. Kanyakumari.Ayurvedic Educational &Charitable trust.</ref> ==
== Types of shirodhara based on reusage.<ref name="ref1">Pavana Jayaram, Manoj Sankaranarayana, Dharakalpa, Karaliya cikitsa padhati. Kanyakumari.Ayurvedic Educational &Charitable trust.</ref> ==
<li>Ulcerations of the scalp</li>
<li>Ulcerations of the scalp</li>
<li>Burning sensation [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 22/25] </li>
<li>Burning sensation [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 22/25] </li>
<li>The diseases affecting the upper parts of the [[Sharira|body]] (neurological diseases).</li>
<li>The [[Vyadhi|diseases]] affecting the upper parts of the [[Sharira|body]] (neurological diseases).</li>
<li>stress, psychic and psychosomatic diseases like psychosis, neurosis, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome.</li>
<li>stress, psychic and psychosomatic diseases like psychosis, neurosis, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome.</li>
<li>Insomnia </li>
<li>Insomnia </li>
== Contra indications of shirodhara<ref name="ref1" /> ==
== Contra indications of shirodhara<ref name="ref1" /> ==
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Shirodhara is not indicated in diseases arising out of dominance of [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]].</li>
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Shirodhara is not indicated in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] arising out of dominance of [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]].</li>
<li>It is not advised during extreme hot and cold seasons.</li>
<li>It is not advised during extreme hot and cold seasons.</li>
<li>It is not advised at the time of mild increase of [[Dosha|doshas]].</li>
<li>It is not advised at the time of mild increase of [[Dosha|doshas]].</li>
|Chatusneha (oil, [[Ghee|ghee]], muscle fat, bone marrow)
|Chatusneha (oil, [[Ghee|ghee]], muscle fat, bone marrow)
|-
|-
|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] or rakta pradhana vyadhi or [[Raktapitta|raktapitta]] associated with [[Vata dosha|vata]] or [[Kapha dosha|kapha]]
|[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] or rakta pradhana [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] or [[Raktapitta|raktapitta]] associated with [[Vata dosha|vata]] or [[Kapha dosha|kapha]]
|oil and [[Ghee|ghee]] in equal proportion
|oil and [[Ghee|ghee]] in equal proportion
|-
|-
|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] associated with [[Vata dosha|vata]]
|[[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] associated with [[Vata dosha|vata]]
|Oil (2 parts) + [[Ghee|ghee]] (1 part)
|Oil (2 parts) + [[Ghee|ghee]] (1 part)
|-
|-
!'''Duration'''
!'''Duration'''
|-
|-
|Ruksha/[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] associated [[Vata dosha|vata]] diseases
|Ruksha/[[Pitta dosha|Pitta]] associated [[Vata dosha|vata]] [[Vyadhi|diseases]]
|96 minutes
|96 minutes
|-
|-
== Importance in management of diseases ==
== Importance in management of diseases ==
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Medicated streaming with unctuous substances (snehadhara) can pacify the diseases arising out of tridosha.</li>
<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Medicated streaming with unctuous substances (snehadhara) can pacify the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] arising out of tridosha.</li>
<li>Streaming with milk (ksheeradhara) can cure insanity, epilepsy, sleeplessness, burning sensation of head and tension headache.</li>
<li>Streaming with milk (ksheeradhara) can cure insanity, epilepsy, sleeplessness, burning sensation of head and tension headache.</li>
<li>Takradhara can pacify headache, reverse the ojakshaya, pacify pricking pain over palms and feet, urinary tract diseases, diseases involving head, eyes, and ears.<ref name="ref1" /> </li></ul>
<li>Takradhara can pacify headache, reverse the ojakshaya, pacify pricking pain over palms and feet, urinary tract diseases, [[Vyadhi|diseases]] involving head, eyes, and ears.<ref name="ref1" /> </li></ul>
== Mode of action of shirodhara ==
== Mode of action of shirodhara ==
== Effect on shukravrita vata ==
== Effect on shukravrita vata ==
<p style="text-align:justify;">There were 48 patients who completed the course of trial with 16 patients in each of the 3 groups. Subjects in Group A were treated with placebo, subjects in Group B were treated with Rasayana Yoga (6 gm/day) and subjects in Group C were treated with shirodhara(7 days) and Rasayana yoga. Psychological counseling was given to subjects in all the 3 groups that underwent treatment for a duration of 4 weeks. From the overall effect of therapy, it was gauged that though all the 3. groups showed improvement the maximum improvement was in group C which has combined shirodhara where 10.5% were cured and 79% markedly improved whereas in the other 2 groups. Nobody was cured and only 56.2% markedly improved in group B and none in group A. Thus, it was concluded that Ŝirodhārawith Rasayana Yoga is most effective in the treatment of shukra avrita vata and could even cure the disease.<ref name="ref11">Basil Cardozo (2006), A Clinical Study On Psycho-Somatic Management Of Shukravrita Vata (Premature Ejaculation) With Rasayana Yoga And Shirodhara.Department of Kayachikitsa, ITRA,Jamnagar</ref></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">There were 48 patients who completed the course of trial with 16 patients in each of the 3 groups. Subjects in Group A were treated with placebo, subjects in Group B were treated with Rasayana Yoga (6 gm/day) and subjects in Group C were treated with shirodhara(7 days) and Rasayana yoga. Psychological counseling was given to subjects in all the 3 groups that underwent treatment for a duration of 4 weeks. From the overall effect of therapy, it was gauged that though all the 3. groups showed improvement the maximum improvement was in group C which has combined shirodhara where 10.5% were cured and 79% markedly improved whereas in the other 2 groups. Nobody was cured and only 56.2% markedly improved in group B and none in group A. Thus, it was concluded that Ŝirodhārawith Rasayana Yoga is most effective in the treatment of shukra avrita vata and could even cure the [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref11">Basil Cardozo (2006), A Clinical Study On Psycho-Somatic Management Of Shukravrita Vata (Premature Ejaculation) With Rasayana Yoga And Shirodhara.Department of Kayachikitsa, ITRA,Jamnagar</ref></p>
== Current research ==
== Current research ==