Changes

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teShAmekaikasmin mahAkaShAye dasha dashAvayavikAn kaShAyAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH; tAnyeva pa~jca kaShAyashatAni bhavanti||8||
 
teShAmekaikasmin mahAkaShAye dasha dashAvayavikAn kaShAyAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH; tAnyeva pa~jca kaShAyashatAni bhavanti||8||
   −
The fifty Mahakashaya, or classes of medicines, grouped by major classes, are as follows:
+
==== The fifty Mahakashaya, or classes of medicines, grouped by major classes, are as follows ====
Ten Major Classes/Groups of Medicines:
+
 
 +
===== Ten Major Classes/Groups of Medicines =====
 +
 
 
Group I Consisting of six subgroups of medicines: jeevaniya (vitaliser), brimhaniya (bulk-promoting), lekhaniya (emaciating), bhedaniya (mass-breaking), sandhaniya (union-promoting), and deepaniya (appetizer).   
 
Group I Consisting of six subgroups of medicines: jeevaniya (vitaliser), brimhaniya (bulk-promoting), lekhaniya (emaciating), bhedaniya (mass-breaking), sandhaniya (union-promoting), and deepaniya (appetizer).   
 
Group II Consisting of four subgroups of medicines: balya (tonic), varbya (complexion-promoting), kanthya (beneficial for throat), and hridaya (cordial).
 
Group II Consisting of four subgroups of medicines: balya (tonic), varbya (complexion-promoting), kanthya (beneficial for throat), and hridaya (cordial).
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Group X Comprising of five subgroups of medicines: shonitasthapana (haemostatic), sanjnasthapana (regaining consciousness), prajasthapana (promoting conception and implanation of embryo), and vayasthapana (anti-ageing)  
 
Group X Comprising of five subgroups of medicines: shonitasthapana (haemostatic), sanjnasthapana (regaining consciousness), prajasthapana (promoting conception and implanation of embryo), and vayasthapana (anti-ageing)  
   −
Thus, fifty classes of medicines have been mentioned for definition and example. Among them, in every class, the ten constituent medicinal herbs will be described further, which will complete the list of five hundred medicinal herbs. [8]
+
Thus, fifty classes of medicines have been mentioned for definition and example. Among them, in every class, the ten constituent medicinal herbs will be described further, which will complete the list of five hundred medicinal herbs. [8]
 +
 
 
तद्यथा- जीवकर्षभकौमेदामहामेदाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीमुद्गपर्णीमाषपर्ण्यौ जीवन्ती मधुकमिति दशेमानि जीवनीयानि भवन्ति (१),  
 
तद्यथा- जीवकर्षभकौमेदामहामेदाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीमुद्गपर्णीमाषपर्ण्यौ जीवन्ती मधुकमिति दशेमानि जीवनीयानि भवन्ति (१),  
 
क्षीरिणीराजक्षवकाश्वगन्धाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीवाट्यायनीभद्रौदनीभारद्वाजीपयस्यर्ष्यगन्धा इति दशेमानि बृंहणीयानि भवन्ति (२),  
 
क्षीरिणीराजक्षवकाश्वगन्धाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीवाट्यायनीभद्रौदनीभारद्वाजीपयस्यर्ष्यगन्धा इति दशेमानि बृंहणीयानि भवन्ति (२),  
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पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकशृङ्गवेराम्लवेतसमरिचाजमोदाभल्लातकास्थिहिङ्गुनिर्यासा इति दशेमानि दीपनीयानि भवन्ति (६),  
 
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकशृङ्गवेराम्लवेतसमरिचाजमोदाभल्लातकास्थिहिङ्गुनिर्यासा इति दशेमानि दीपनीयानि भवन्ति (६),  
 
इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||९||
 
इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||९||
 +
 
tadyathā- jīvakarṣabhakau mēdā mahāmēdā kākōlī kṣīrakākōlī  
 
tadyathā- jīvakarṣabhakau mēdā mahāmēdā kākōlī kṣīrakākōlī  
 
mudgaparṇīmāṣaparṇyaujīvantī madhukamiti daśēmāni jīvanīyāni bhavanti (1),  
 
mudgaparṇīmāṣaparṇyaujīvantī madhukamiti daśēmāni jīvanīyāni bhavanti (1),  
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pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakaśr̥ṅgavērāmlavētasamaricājamōdābhallātakāsthihiṅguniryāsā iti daśēmāni dīpanīyāni bhavanti (6),  
 
pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakaśr̥ṅgavērāmlavētasamaricājamōdābhallātakāsthihiṅguniryāsā iti daśēmāni dīpanīyāni bhavanti (6),  
 
iti ṣaṭkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||9||  
 
iti ṣaṭkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||9||  
 +
 
tadyathA- jIvakarShabhakau medA mahAmedA kAkolI kShIrakAkolI mudgaparNImAShaparNyau [1] jIvantI madhukamiti dashemAni jIvanIyAni bhavanti (1),  
 
tadyathA- jIvakarShabhakau medA mahAmedA kAkolI kShIrakAkolI mudgaparNImAShaparNyau [1] jIvantI madhukamiti dashemAni jIvanIyAni bhavanti (1),  
 
kShIriNIrAjakShavakAshvagandhAkAkolIkShIrakAkolIvATyAyanIbhadraudanIbhAradvAjIpayasyarShyagandhA [2] iti dashemAni bRuMhaNIyAni bhavanti (2),
 
kShIriNIrAjakShavakAshvagandhAkAkolIkShIrakAkolIvATyAyanIbhadraudanIbhAradvAjIpayasyarShyagandhA [2] iti dashemAni bRuMhaNIyAni bhavanti (2),
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pippalIpippalImUlacavyacitrakashRu~ggaverAmlavetasamaricAjamodAbhallAtakAsthihi~gguniryAsA iti dashemAni dIpanIyAni bhavanti (6),  
 
pippalIpippalImUlacavyacitrakashRu~ggaverAmlavetasamaricAjamodAbhallAtakAsthihi~gguniryAsA iti dashemAni dIpanIyAni bhavanti (6),  
 
iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||9||  
 
iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||9||  
 +
 
Group I: Six subgroups of medicines:
 
Group I: Six subgroups of medicines:
 
Name of Subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of Subgroup Medicines (herbs)
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आम्राम्रातकलिकुचकरमर्दवृक्षाम्लाम्लवेतसकुवलबदरदाडिममातुलुङ्गानीति दशेमानि हृद्यानि भवन्ति (१०),  
 
आम्राम्रातकलिकुचकरमर्दवृक्षाम्लाम्लवेतसकुवलबदरदाडिममातुलुङ्गानीति दशेमानि हृद्यानि भवन्ति (१०),  
 
इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१०||  
 
इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१०||  
 +
 
aindryr̥ṣabhyatirasarṣyaprōktāpayasyāśvagandhāsthirārōhiṇībalātibalā iti daśēmāni balyāni bhavanti (7),  
 
aindryr̥ṣabhyatirasarṣyaprōktāpayasyāśvagandhāsthirārōhiṇībalātibalā iti daśēmāni balyāni bhavanti (7),  
 
candanatuṅgapadmakōśīramadhukamañjiṣṭhāsārivāpayasyāsitālatā  
 
candanatuṅgapadmakōśīramadhukamañjiṣṭhāsārivāpayasyāsitālatā  
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āmrāmrātakalikucakaramardavr̥kṣāmlāmlavētasakuvalabadaradāḍimamātuluṅgānīti daśēmāni hr̥dyāni bhavanti (10),  
 
āmrāmrātakalikucakaramardavr̥kṣāmlāmlavētasakuvalabadaradāḍimamātuluṅgānīti daśēmāni hr̥dyāni bhavanti (10),  
 
iti catuṣkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||10||  
 
iti catuṣkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||10||  
 +
 
aindryRuShabhyatirasarShyaproktApayasyAshvagandhAsthirArohiNIbalAtibalA iti dashemAni balyAni bhavanti (7),
 
aindryRuShabhyatirasarShyaproktApayasyAshvagandhAsthirArohiNIbalAtibalA iti dashemAni balyAni bhavanti (7),
 
candanatu~ggapadmakoshIramadhukama~jjiShThAsArivApayasyAsitAlatA iti dashemAni varNyAni bhavanti (8),
 
candanatu~ggapadmakoshIramadhukama~jjiShThAsArivApayasyAsitAlatA iti dashemAni varNyAni bhavanti (8),
 
sArivekShumUlamadhukapippalIdrAkShAvidArIkaiTaryahaMsapAdIbRuhatIkaNTakArikA iti dashemAni kaNThyAni bhavanti (9),
 
sArivekShumUlamadhukapippalIdrAkShAvidArIkaiTaryahaMsapAdIbRuhatIkaNTakArikA iti dashemAni kaNThyAni bhavanti (9),
 
AmrAmrAtakalikucakaramardavRukShAmlAmlavetasakuvalabadaradADimamAtulu~ggAnIti dashemAni hRudyAni bhavanti (10), iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||10||  
 
AmrAmrAtakalikucakaramardavRukShAmlAmlavetasakuvalabadaradADimamAtulu~ggAnIti dashemAni hRudyAni bhavanti (10), iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||10||  
 +
 
Group II: Four subgroups of medicines  
 
Group II: Four subgroups of medicines  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
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Kanthya (beneficial for throat & voice) sariva, ikshu (root), madhuka, pippala, Draksha, vidari, kaidarya, hansapadi, bruhati and kantakarika
 
Kanthya (beneficial for throat & voice) sariva, ikshu (root), madhuka, pippala, Draksha, vidari, kaidarya, hansapadi, bruhati and kantakarika
 
Hridya (liked by mind) amra, Aamrataka, likucha, karamarda, vrukshamla, amlavetasa, kuvala, badara, dadima, and matulunga
 
Hridya (liked by mind) amra, Aamrataka, likucha, karamarda, vrukshamla, amlavetasa, kuvala, badara, dadima, and matulunga
      
नागरचव्यचित्रकविडङ्गमूर्वागुडूचीवचामुस्तपिप्पलीपटोलानीति  
 
नागरचव्यचित्रकविडङ्गमूर्वागुडूचीवचामुस्तपिप्पलीपटोलानीति  
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हरिद्रामञ्जिष्ठासुवहासूक्ष्मैलापालिन्दीचन्दनकतकशिरीषसिन्धुवारश्लेष्मातका इति दशेमानि विषघ्नानि भवन्ति (१६),  
 
हरिद्रामञ्जिष्ठासुवहासूक्ष्मैलापालिन्दीचन्दनकतकशिरीषसिन्धुवारश्लेष्मातका इति दशेमानि विषघ्नानि भवन्ति (१६),  
 
इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||११||  
 
इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||११||  
 +
 
nāgaracavyacitrakaviḍaṅgamūrvāguḍūcīvacāmustapippalīpaṭōlānīti daśēmāni tr̥ptighnāni bhavanti (11),  
 
nāgaracavyacitrakaviḍaṅgamūrvāguḍūcīvacāmustapippalīpaṭōlānīti daśēmāni tr̥ptighnāni bhavanti (11),  
 
kuṭajabilvacitrakanāgarātiviṣābhayādhanvayāsakadāruharidrāvacācavyānītidaśēmānyarśōghnāni bhavanti (12),  
 
kuṭajabilvacitrakanāgarātiviṣābhayādhanvayāsakadāruharidrāvacācavyānītidaśēmānyarśōghnāni bhavanti (12),  
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haridrāmañjiṣṭhāsuvahāsūkṣmailāpālindīcandanakatakaśirīṣasindhuvāraślēṣmātakā iti daśēmāni viṣaghnāni bhavanti (16),  
 
haridrāmañjiṣṭhāsuvahāsūkṣmailāpālindīcandanakatakaśirīṣasindhuvāraślēṣmātakā iti daśēmāni viṣaghnāni bhavanti (16),  
 
iti ṣaṭkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||11||  
 
iti ṣaṭkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||11||  
 +
 
nAgaracavyacitrakaviDa~ggamUrvAguDUcIvacAmustapippalIpaTolAnIti dashemAni tRuptighnAni bhavanti (11),
 
nAgaracavyacitrakaviDa~ggamUrvAguDUcIvacAmustapippalIpaTolAnIti dashemAni tRuptighnAni bhavanti (11),
 
kuTajabilvacitrakanAgarAtiviShAbhayAdhanvayAsakadAruharidrAvacAcavyAnIti dashemAnyarshoghnAni bhavanti (12),
 
kuTajabilvacitrakanAgarAtiviShAbhayAdhanvayAsakadAruharidrAvacAcavyAnIti dashemAnyarshoghnAni bhavanti (12),
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akShIvamaricagaNDIrakebukaviDa~gganirguNDIkiNihIshvadaMShTrAvRuShaparNikAkhuparNikA iti dashemAni krimighnAni bhavanti (15),
 
akShIvamaricagaNDIrakebukaviDa~gganirguNDIkiNihIshvadaMShTrAvRuShaparNikAkhuparNikA iti dashemAni krimighnAni bhavanti (15),
 
haridrAma~jjiShThAsuvahAsUkShmailApAlindIcandanakatakashirIShasindhuvArashleShmAtakA iti dashemAni viShaghnAni bhavanti (16), iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||11||  
 
haridrAma~jjiShThAsuvahAsUkShmailApAlindIcandanakatakashirIShasindhuvArashleShmAtakA iti dashemAni viShaghnAni bhavanti (16), iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||11||  
 +
 
Group III: Six subgroups of medicines  
 
Group III: Six subgroups of medicines  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
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Krumighna (anti-helmintics) akshiva, maricha, gandira, kebuka, vidanga, nirgundi, kinihi, shwadanshtra, vrishaparnika and akhuparnika
 
Krumighna (anti-helmintics) akshiva, maricha, gandira, kebuka, vidanga, nirgundi, kinihi, shwadanshtra, vrishaparnika and akhuparnika
 
Vishaghna (anti-poisons/anti-dotes) haridra, manjishtha, suvaha, sukshma ela, palindi, chandana, kataka, shirisha, sindhuvara and shleshmantaka
 
Vishaghna (anti-poisons/anti-dotes) haridra, manjishtha, suvaha, sukshma ela, palindi, chandana, kataka, shirisha, sindhuvara and shleshmantaka
      
वीरणशालिषष्टिकेक्षुवालिकादर्भकुशकाशगुन्द्रेत्कटकत्तृणमूलानीति  
 
वीरणशालिषष्टिकेक्षुवालिकादर्भकुशकाशगुन्द्रेत्कटकत्तृणमूलानीति  
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दशेमानि शुक्रशोधनानि भवन्ति (२०),  
 
दशेमानि शुक्रशोधनानि भवन्ति (२०),  
 
इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१२||
 
इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१२||
 +
 
vīraṇaśāliṣaṣṭikēkṣuvālikādarbhakuśakāśagundrētkaṭakattr̥ṇamūlānīti  
 
vīraṇaśāliṣaṣṭikēkṣuvālikādarbhakuśakāśagundrētkaṭakattr̥ṇamūlānīti  
 
daśēmāni stanyajananāni bhavanti (17),  
 
daśēmāni stanyajananāni bhavanti (17),  
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kuṣṭhailavālukakaṭphalasamudraphēnakadambaniryāsēkṣukāṇḍēkṣvikṣurakavasukōśīrāṇīti daśēmāni śukraśōdhanāni bhavanti (20),  
 
kuṣṭhailavālukakaṭphalasamudraphēnakadambaniryāsēkṣukāṇḍēkṣvikṣurakavasukōśīrāṇīti daśēmāni śukraśōdhanāni bhavanti (20),  
 
iti catuṣkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||12||
 
iti catuṣkaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||12||
 +
 
vIraNashAliShaShTikekShuvAlikAdarbhakushakAshagundretkaTakattRuNamUlAnIti dashemAni stanyajananAni bhavanti (17),  
 
vIraNashAliShaShTikekShuvAlikAdarbhakushakAshagundretkaTakattRuNamUlAnIti dashemAni stanyajananAni bhavanti (17),  
 
pAThAmahauShadhasuradArumustamUrvAguDUcIvatsakaphalakirAtatiktakakaTurohiNIsArivA iti dashemAni stanyashodhanAni bhavanti (18),  
 
pAThAmahauShadhasuradArumustamUrvAguDUcIvatsakaphalakirAtatiktakakaTurohiNIsArivA iti dashemAni stanyashodhanAni bhavanti (18),  
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kuShThailavAlukakaTphalasamudraphenakadambaniryAsekShukANDekShvikShurakavasukoshIrANIti dashemAni shukrashodhanAni bhavanti (20),  
 
kuShThailavAlukakaTphalasamudraphenakadambaniryAsekShukANDekShvikShurakavasukoshIrANIti dashemAni shukrashodhanAni bhavanti (20),  
 
iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||12||  
 
iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||12||  
 +
 
Group IV: Four subgroups of medicines  
 
Group IV: Four subgroups of medicines  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
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Shukra janana (semen promoting) jívaka, rishabhaka, kakoií, kshirakakoli, mudgaparni, mashaparni, meda, vriddharuha, jatila, kulinga
 
Shukra janana (semen promoting) jívaka, rishabhaka, kakoií, kshirakakoli, mudgaparni, mashaparni, meda, vriddharuha, jatila, kulinga
 
Shukra shodhana (semen purifiers) kushtha, elavaluka, katphala, samudraphena, kadambaniryasa, ikshu, kandekshu, ikshuraka, vasuka and ushira
 
Shukra shodhana (semen purifiers) kushtha, elavaluka, katphala, samudraphena, kadambaniryasa, ikshu, kandekshu, ikshuraka, vasuka and ushira
      
मृद्वीकामधुकमधुपर्णीमेदाविदारीकाकोलीक्षीरकालोलीजीवकजीवन्तीशालपर्ण्य इति दशेमानि स्नेहोपगानि भवन्ति (२१),  
 
मृद्वीकामधुकमधुपर्णीमेदाविदारीकाकोलीक्षीरकालोलीजीवकजीवन्तीशालपर्ण्य इति दशेमानि स्नेहोपगानि भवन्ति (२१),  
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ज्योतिष्मतीक्षवकमरिचपिप्पलीविडङ्गशिग्रुसर्षपापामार्गतण्डुलश्वेतामहाश्वेता इति दशेमानि शिरोविरेचनोपगानि भवन्ति (२७),  
 
ज्योतिष्मतीक्षवकमरिचपिप्पलीविडङ्गशिग्रुसर्षपापामार्गतण्डुलश्वेतामहाश्वेता इति दशेमानि शिरोविरेचनोपगानि भवन्ति (२७),  
 
इति सप्तकः कषायवर्गः||१३||  
 
इति सप्तकः कषायवर्गः||१३||  
 +
 
mr̥dvīkāmadhukamadhuparṇīmēdāvidārīkākōlīkṣīrakālōlījīvakajīvantīśālaparṇya iti daśēmāni snēhōpagāni bhavanti (21),  
 
mr̥dvīkāmadhukamadhuparṇīmēdāvidārīkākōlīkṣīrakālōlījīvakajīvantīśālaparṇya iti daśēmāni snēhōpagāni bhavanti (21),  
 
śōbhāñjanakairaṇḍārkavr̥ścīrapunarnavāyavatilakulatthamāṣabadarāṇīti daśēmāni svēdōpagāni bhavanti (22),  
 
śōbhāñjanakairaṇḍārkavr̥ścīrapunarnavāyavatilakulatthamāṣabadarāṇīti daśēmāni svēdōpagāni bhavanti (22),  
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jyōtiṣmatīkṣavakamaricapippalīviḍaṅgaśigrusarṣapāpāmārgataṇḍulaśvētāmahāśvētā iti daśēmāni śirōvirēcanōpagāni bhavanti (27),  
 
jyōtiṣmatīkṣavakamaricapippalīviḍaṅgaśigrusarṣapāpāmārgataṇḍulaśvētāmahāśvētā iti daśēmāni śirōvirēcanōpagāni bhavanti (27),  
 
iti saptakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||13||  
 
iti saptakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||13||  
 +
 
mRudvIkAmadhukamadhuparNImedAvidArIkAkolIkShIrakAlolIjIvakajIvantIshAlaparNya iti dashemAni snehopagAni bhavanti (21),
 
mRudvIkAmadhukamadhuparNImedAvidArIkAkolIkShIrakAlolIjIvakajIvantIshAlaparNya iti dashemAni snehopagAni bhavanti (21),
 
shobhA~jjanakairaNDArkavRushcIrapunarnavAyavatilakulatthamAShabadarANIti dashemAni svedopagAni bhavanti (22),
 
shobhA~jjanakairaNDArkavRushcIrapunarnavAyavatilakulatthamAShabadarANIti dashemAni svedopagAni bhavanti (22),
Line 316: Line 330:  
rAsnAsuradArubilvamadanashatapuShpAvRushcIrapunarnavAshvadaMShTrAgnimanthashyonAkA iti dashemAnyanuvAsanopagAni bhavanti (26),
 
rAsnAsuradArubilvamadanashatapuShpAvRushcIrapunarnavAshvadaMShTrAgnimanthashyonAkA iti dashemAnyanuvAsanopagAni bhavanti (26),
 
jyotiShmatIkShavakamaricapippalIviDa~ggashigrusarShapApAmArgataNDulashvetAmahAshvetA iti dashemAni shirovirecanopagAni bhavanti (27), iti saptakaHkaShAyavargaH||13||
 
jyotiShmatIkShavakamaricapippalIviDa~ggashigrusarShapApAmArgataNDulashvetAmahAshvetA iti dashemAni shirovirecanopagAni bhavanti (27), iti saptakaHkaShAyavargaH||13||
 +
 
Group V: Seven subgroups of medicines  
 
Group V: Seven subgroups of medicines  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
Line 326: Line 341:  
Anuvasanopaga (unctuous enema) rasna, surdaru, bilwa, madana, shatapushpa, vrishchira, punarnava, gokshura, agnimantha, and shyonaka
 
Anuvasanopaga (unctuous enema) rasna, surdaru, bilwa, madana, shatapushpa, vrishchira, punarnava, gokshura, agnimantha, and shyonaka
 
Shirovirechanopaga ( helping nasal errhine therapy) jyotishmatí, kshavaka, maricha, pippali, vidanga, shigru, sarshapa, apamarga (seeds), shweta and mahashweta
 
Shirovirechanopaga ( helping nasal errhine therapy) jyotishmatí, kshavaka, maricha, pippali, vidanga, shigru, sarshapa, apamarga (seeds), shweta and mahashweta
      
जम्ब्वाम्रपल्लवमातुलुङ्गाम्लबदरदाडिमयवयष्टिकोशीरमृल्लाजा  
 
जम्ब्वाम्रपल्लवमातुलुङ्गाम्लबदरदाडिमयवयष्टिकोशीरमृल्लाजा  
Line 335: Line 349:  
nāgaradhanvayavāsakamustaparpaṭakacandanakirātatiktakaguḍūcīhrīvēradhānyakapaṭōlānīti daśēmāni tr̥ṣṇānigrahaṇāni bhavanti(29),  
 
nāgaradhanvayavāsakamustaparpaṭakacandanakirātatiktakaguḍūcīhrīvēradhānyakapaṭōlānīti daśēmāni tr̥ṣṇānigrahaṇāni bhavanti(29),  
 
śaṭīpuṣkaramūlabadarabījakaṇṭakārikābr̥hatīvr̥kṣaruhābhayāpippalīdurālabhākulīraśr̥ṅgya iti daśēmāni hikkānigrahaṇāni bhavanti (30),  
 
śaṭīpuṣkaramūlabadarabījakaṇṭakārikābr̥hatīvr̥kṣaruhābhayāpippalīdurālabhākulīraśr̥ṅgya iti daśēmāni hikkānigrahaṇāni bhavanti (30),  
iti trikaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||14||  
+
iti trikaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||14||
 +
 
 
jambvAmrapallavamAtulu~ggAmlabadaradADimayavayaShTikoshIramRullAjA iti dashemAni chardinigrahaNAni bhavanti (28),
 
jambvAmrapallavamAtulu~ggAmlabadaradADimayavayaShTikoshIramRullAjA iti dashemAni chardinigrahaNAni bhavanti (28),
 
nAgaradhanvayavAsakamustaparpaTakacandanakirAtatiktakaguDUcIhrIveradhAnyakapaTolAnIti dashemAni tRuShNAnigrahaNAni bhavanti (29),
 
nAgaradhanvayavAsakamustaparpaTakacandanakirAtatiktakaguDUcIhrIveradhAnyakapaTolAnIti dashemAni tRuShNAnigrahaNAni bhavanti (29),
 
shaTIpuShkaramUlabadarabIjakaNTakArikAbRuhatIvRukSharuhAbhayApippalIdurAlabhAkulIrashRu~ggya iti dashemAni hikkAnigrahaNAni bhavanti (30),  
 
shaTIpuShkaramUlabadarabIjakaNTakArikAbRuhatIvRukSharuhAbhayApippalIdurAlabhAkulIrashRu~ggya iti dashemAni hikkAnigrahaNAni bhavanti (30),  
 
iti trikaHkaShAyavargaH||14||  
 
iti trikaHkaShAyavargaH||14||  
 +
 
Group VI: Three subgroups of medicines:  
 
Group VI: Three subgroups of medicines:  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
Line 357: Line 373:  
दशेमानि मूत्रविरेचनीयानि भवन्ति (३५),  
 
दशेमानि मूत्रविरेचनीयानि भवन्ति (३५),  
 
इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१५||  
 
इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१५||  
 +
 
priyaṅgvanantāmrāsthikaṭvaṅgalōdhramōcarasasamaṅgādhātakīpuṣpapadmāpadmakēśarāṇīti daśēmāni purīṣasaṅgrahaṇīyānibhavanti (31),  
 
priyaṅgvanantāmrāsthikaṭvaṅgalōdhramōcarasasamaṅgādhātakīpuṣpapadmāpadmakēśarāṇīti daśēmāni purīṣasaṅgrahaṇīyānibhavanti (31),  
 
jambuśallakītvakkacchurāmadhūkaśālmalīśrīvēṣṭakabhr̥ṣṭamr̥tpayasyōtpalatilakaṇā iti daśēmāni purīṣavirajanīyāni bhavanti (32),  
 
jambuśallakītvakkacchurāmadhūkaśālmalīśrīvēṣṭakabhr̥ṣṭamr̥tpayasyōtpalatilakaṇā iti daśēmāni purīṣavirajanīyāni bhavanti (32),  
Line 369: Line 386:  
vRukShAdanIshvadaMShTrAvasukavashirapAShANabhedadarbhakushakAshagundretkaTamUlAnIti dashemAni mUtravirecanIyAni bhavanti (35),
 
vRukShAdanIshvadaMShTrAvasukavashirapAShANabhedadarbhakushakAshagundretkaTamUlAnIti dashemAni mUtravirecanIyAni bhavanti (35),
 
  iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||15||  
 
  iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||15||  
 +
 
Group VII: Five subgroups:  
 
Group VII: Five subgroups:  
 
Name of Subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of Subgroup Medicines (herbs)
Line 387: Line 405:  
इति दशेमानि श्रमहराणि भवन्ति (४०),  
 
इति दशेमानि श्रमहराणि भवन्ति (४०),  
 
इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१६||  
 
इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१६||  
 +
 
drākṣābhayāmalakapippalīdurālabhāśr̥ṅgīkaṇṭakārikāvr̥ścīrapunarnavātāmalakya iti daśēmāni kāsaharāṇi bhavanti (36),  
 
drākṣābhayāmalakapippalīdurālabhāśr̥ṅgīkaṇṭakārikāvr̥ścīrapunarnavātāmalakya iti daśēmāni kāsaharāṇi bhavanti (36),  
 
śaṭīpuṣkaramūlāmlavētasailāhiṅgvagurusurasātāmalakījīvantīcaṇḍā iti daśēmāni śvāsaharāṇi bhavanti (37),  
 
śaṭīpuṣkaramūlāmlavētasailāhiṅgvagurusurasātāmalakījīvantīcaṇḍā iti daśēmāni śvāsaharāṇi bhavanti (37),  
Line 393: Line 412:  
drākṣākharjūrapriyālabadaradāḍimaphalguparūṣakēkṣuyavaṣaṣṭikā iti daśēmāni śramaharāṇi bhavanti (40),  
 
drākṣākharjūrapriyālabadaradāḍimaphalguparūṣakēkṣuyavaṣaṣṭikā iti daśēmāni śramaharāṇi bhavanti (40),  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||16||  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||16||  
 +
 
drAkShAbhayAmalakapippalIdurAlabhAshRu~ggIkaNTakArikAvRushcIrapunarnavAtAmalakya iti dashemAni kAsaharANi bhavanti (36),
 
drAkShAbhayAmalakapippalIdurAlabhAshRu~ggIkaNTakArikAvRushcIrapunarnavAtAmalakya iti dashemAni kAsaharANi bhavanti (36),
 
shaTIpuShkaramUlAmlavetasailAhi~ggvagurusurasAtAmalakIjIvantIcaNDA iti dashemAni shvAsaharANi bhavanti (37),  
 
shaTIpuShkaramUlAmlavetasailAhi~ggvagurusurasAtAmalakIjIvantIcaNDA iti dashemAni shvAsaharANi bhavanti (37),  
Line 399: Line 419:  
drAkShAkharjUrapriyAlabadaradADimaphalguparUShakekShuyavaShaShTikA iti dashemAni shramaharANi bhavanti (40),  
 
drAkShAkharjUrapriyAlabadaradADimaphalguparUShakekShuyavaShaShTikA iti dashemAni shramaharANi bhavanti (40),  
 
iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH||16||
 
iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH||16||
 +
 
Group VII:  Five subgroups of medicines:  
 
Group VII:  Five subgroups of medicines:  
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
 
Name of subgroup Medicines (herbs)
Line 414: Line 435:  
इति दशेमान्युदर्दप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४३),  
 
इति दशेमान्युदर्दप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४३),  
 
विदारीगन्धापृश्निपर्णीबृहतीकण्टकारिकैरण्डकाकोलीचन्दनोशीरैलामधुकानीति दशेमान्यङ्गमर्दप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४४),  
 
विदारीगन्धापृश्निपर्णीबृहतीकण्टकारिकैरण्डकाकोलीचन्दनोशीरैलामधुकानीति दशेमान्यङ्गमर्दप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४४),  
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकशृङ्गवेरमरिचाजमोदाजगन्धाजाजीगण्डीराणीति दशेमानि शूलप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४५), इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः१७||  
+
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकशृङ्गवेरमरिचाजमोदाजगन्धाजाजीगण्डीराणीति दशेमानि शूलप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४५), इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१७||
 +
 
 
lājācandanakāśmaryaphalamadhūkaśarkarānīlōtpalōśīrasārivāguḍūcīhrībērāṇīti daśēmāni dāhapraśamanāni bhavanti (41),  
 
lājācandanakāśmaryaphalamadhūkaśarkarānīlōtpalōśīrasārivāguḍūcīhrībērāṇīti daśēmāni dāhapraśamanāni bhavanti (41),  
 
tagarāgurudhānyakaśr̥ṅgavērabhūtīkavacākaṇṭakāryagnimanthaśyōnākapippalya iti daśēmāni śītapraśamanāni bhavanti (42),  
 
tagarāgurudhānyakaśr̥ṅgavērabhūtīkavacākaṇṭakāryagnimanthaśyōnākapippalya iti daśēmāni śītapraśamanāni bhavanti (42),  
Line 421: Line 443:  
pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakaśr̥ṅgavēramaricājamōdājagandhājājīgaṇḍīrāṇīti daśēmāni śūlapraśamanāni bhavanti (45),  
 
pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakaśr̥ṅgavēramaricājamōdājagandhājājīgaṇḍīrāṇīti daśēmāni śūlapraśamanāni bhavanti (45),  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||17||  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||17||  
 +
 
lAjAcandanakAshmaryaphalamadhUkasharkarAnIlotpaloshIrasArivAguDUcIhrIberANIti dashemAni dAhaprashamanAni bhavanti (41),
 
lAjAcandanakAshmaryaphalamadhUkasharkarAnIlotpaloshIrasArivAguDUcIhrIberANIti dashemAni dAhaprashamanAni bhavanti (41),
 
tagarAgurudhAnyakashRu~ggaverabhUtIkavacAkaNTakAryagnimanthashyonAkapippalya iti dashemAni shItaprashamanAni bhavanti (42),
 
tagarAgurudhAnyakashRu~ggaverabhUtIkavacAkaNTakAryagnimanthashyonAkapippalya iti dashemAni shItaprashamanAni bhavanti (42),
Line 426: Line 449:  
vidArIgandhApRushniparNIbRuhatIkaNTakArikairaNDakAkolIcandanoshIrailAmadhukAnIti dashemAnya~ggamardaprashamanAni bhavanti (44),
 
vidArIgandhApRushniparNIbRuhatIkaNTakArikairaNDakAkolIcandanoshIrailAmadhukAnIti dashemAnya~ggamardaprashamanAni bhavanti (44),
 
pippalIpippalImUlacavyacitrakashRu~ggaveramaricAjamodAjagandhAjAjIgaNDIrANIti dashemAni shUlaprashamanAni bhavanti (45), iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||17||  
 
pippalIpippalImUlacavyacitrakashRu~ggaveramaricAjamodAjagandhAjAjIgaNDIrANIti dashemAni shUlaprashamanAni bhavanti (45), iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||17||  
 +
 
Group IX: Five subgroups of medicines:  
 
Group IX: Five subgroups of medicines:  
 
Name of sub-group Medicines
 
Name of sub-group Medicines
Line 442: Line 466:  
अमृताऽभयाधात्रीमुक्ताश्वेताजीवन्त्यतिरसामण्डूकपर्णीस्थिरापुनर्नवा  
 
अमृताऽभयाधात्रीमुक्ताश्वेताजीवन्त्यतिरसामण्डूकपर्णीस्थिरापुनर्नवा  
 
इति दशेमानि वयःस्थापनानि भवन्ति (५०), इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१८||  
 
इति दशेमानि वयःस्थापनानि भवन्ति (५०), इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१८||  
 +
 
madhumadhukarudhiramōcarasamr̥tkapālalōdhragairikapriyaṅguśarkarālājā iti daśēmāni śōṇitasthāpanāni bhavanti (46),  
 
madhumadhukarudhiramōcarasamr̥tkapālalōdhragairikapriyaṅguśarkarālājā iti daśēmāni śōṇitasthāpanāni bhavanti (46),  
 
śālakaṭphalakadambapadmakatumbamōcarasaśirīṣavañjulailavālukāśōkā iti daśēmāni vēdanāsthāpanāni bhavanti (47),  
 
śālakaṭphalakadambapadmakatumbamōcarasaśirīṣavañjulailavālukāśōkā iti daśēmāni vēdanāsthāpanāni bhavanti (47),  
Line 448: Line 473:  
amr̥tā'bhayādhātrīmuktāśvētājīvantyatirasāmaṇḍūkaparṇīsthirāpunarnavā iti daśēmāni vayaḥsthāpanāni bhavanti (50),  
 
amr̥tā'bhayādhātrīmuktāśvētājīvantyatirasāmaṇḍūkaparṇīsthirāpunarnavā iti daśēmāni vayaḥsthāpanāni bhavanti (50),  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||18||  
 
iti pañcakaḥ kaṣāyavargaḥ||18||  
 +
 
madhumadhukarudhiramocarasamRutkapAlalodhragairikapriya~ggusharkarAlAjA iti dashemAni shoNitasthApanAni bhavanti (46),
 
madhumadhukarudhiramocarasamRutkapAlalodhragairikapriya~ggusharkarAlAjA iti dashemAni shoNitasthApanAni bhavanti (46),
 
shAlakaTphalakadambapadmakatumbamocarasashirIShava~jjulailavAlukAshokA iti dashemAni vedanAsthApanAni bhavanti (47),
 
shAlakaTphalakadambapadmakatumbamocarasashirIShava~jjulailavAlukAshokA iti dashemAni vedanAsthApanAni bhavanti (47),
Line 468: Line 494:  
mahatāṁ ca kaṣāyāṇāṁ lakṣaṇōdāharaṇārthaṁ vyākhyātā  
 
mahatāṁ ca kaṣāyāṇāṁ lakṣaṇōdāharaṇārthaṁ vyākhyātā  
 
bhavanti||19||  
 
bhavanti||19||  
 +
 
iti pa~jcakaShAyashatAnyabhisamasya pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyA mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM lakShaNodAharaNArthaM vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||19||  
 
iti pa~jcakaShAyashatAnyabhisamasya pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyA mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM lakShaNodAharaNArthaM vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||19||  
 
Thus five hundred medicines grouped in fifty classes have been mentioned alongwith definition and examples. [19]
 
Thus five hundred medicines grouped in fifty classes have been mentioned alongwith definition and examples. [19]
 +
 
नहि विस्तरस्य प्रमाणमस्ति, न चाप्यतिसङ्क्षेपोऽल्पबुद्धीनां सामर्थ्यायोपकल्पते, तस्मादनतिसङ्क्षेपेणानतिविस्तरेण चोपदिष्टाः|  
 
नहि विस्तरस्य प्रमाणमस्ति, न चाप्यतिसङ्क्षेपोऽल्पबुद्धीनां सामर्थ्यायोपकल्पते, तस्मादनतिसङ्क्षेपेणानतिविस्तरेण चोपदिष्टाः|  
 
एतावन्तो ह्यलमल्पबुद्धीनां व्यवहाराय, बुद्धिमतां  
 
एतावन्तो ह्यलमल्पबुद्धीनां व्यवहाराय, बुद्धिमतां  
 
च स्वालक्षण्यानुमानयुक्तिकुशलानामनुक्तार्थज्ञानायेति||२०||  
 
च स्वालक्षण्यानुमानयुक्तिकुशलानामनुक्तार्थज्ञानायेति||२०||  
 +
 
nahi vistarasya pramāṇamasti, na cāpyatisaṅkṣēpō'lpabuddhīnāṁ  
 
nahi vistarasya pramāṇamasti, na cāpyatisaṅkṣēpō'lpabuddhīnāṁ  
 
sāmarthyāyōpakalpatē, tasmādanatisaṅkṣēpēṇānativistarēṇa  
 
sāmarthyāyōpakalpatē, tasmādanatisaṅkṣēpēṇānativistarēṇa  
 
cōpadiṣṭāḥ| ētāvantō hyalamalpabuddhīnāṁ vyavahārāya,  
 
cōpadiṣṭāḥ| ētāvantō hyalamalpabuddhīnāṁ vyavahārāya,  
 
buddhimatāṁcasvālakṣaṇyānumānayuktikuśalānāmanuktārthajñānāyēti||20||  
 
buddhimatāṁcasvālakṣaṇyānumānayuktikuśalānāmanuktārthajñānāyēti||20||  
 +
 
nahi vistarasya pramANamasti, na cApyatisa~gkShepo~alpabuddhInAM sAmarthyAyopakalpate, tasmAdanatisa~gkShepeNAnativistareNa copadiShTAH|  
 
nahi vistarasya pramANamasti, na cApyatisa~gkShepo~alpabuddhInAM sAmarthyAyopakalpate, tasmAdanatisa~gkShepeNAnativistareNa copadiShTAH|  
 
etAvanto hyalamalpabuddhInAM vyavahArAya, buddhimatAM ca svAlakShaNyAnumAnayuktikushalAnAmanuktArthaj~jAnAyeti||20||  
 
etAvanto hyalamalpabuddhInAM vyavahArAya, buddhimatAM ca svAlakShaNyAnumAnayuktikushalAnAmanuktArthaj~jAnAyeti||20||  
 +
 
There is no limit of expansion, nor too much briefness can be sufficient for comprehending to those having low intelligence, hence (these) have been mentioned in neither too exhaustive nor too concise (style). These as such are enough for practice to the less intelligent and for the knowledge of hidden ideas to the intelligent and proficient in inference and rationale on the basis of self-definition. [20]   
 
There is no limit of expansion, nor too much briefness can be sufficient for comprehending to those having low intelligence, hence (these) have been mentioned in neither too exhaustive nor too concise (style). These as such are enough for practice to the less intelligent and for the knowledge of hidden ideas to the intelligent and proficient in inference and rationale on the basis of self-definition. [20]   
 +
 
एवंवादिनं भगवन्तमात्रेयमग्निवेश उवाच- नैतानि भगवन्!  
 
एवंवादिनं भगवन्तमात्रेयमग्निवेश उवाच- नैतानि भगवन्!  
 
पञ्च कषायशतानि पूर्यन्ते, तानि तानि ह्येवाङ्गान्युपप्लवन्ते तेषु तेषु महाकषायेष्विति||२१||  
 
पञ्च कषायशतानि पूर्यन्ते, तानि तानि ह्येवाङ्गान्युपप्लवन्ते तेषु तेषु महाकषायेष्विति||२१||  
 +
 
ēvaṁvādinaṁ bhagavantamātrēyamagnivēśa  
 
ēvaṁvādinaṁ bhagavantamātrēyamagnivēśa  
 
uvāca- naitāni bhagavan! pañca kaṣāyaśatāni pūryantē,  
 
uvāca- naitāni bhagavan! pañca kaṣāyaśatāni pūryantē,  
 
tāni tāni hyēvāṅgānyupaplavantē tēṣu tēṣu mahākaṣāyēṣviti||21||  
 
tāni tāni hyēvāṅgānyupaplavantē tēṣu tēṣu mahākaṣāyēṣviti||21||  
 +
 
evaMvAdinaM bhagavantamAtreyamagnivesha uvAca- naitAni bhagavan! pa~jca kaShAyashatAni pUryante, tAni tAni hyevA~ggAnyupaplavante [1] teShu teShumahAkaShAyeShviti||21||   
 
evaMvAdinaM bhagavantamAtreyamagnivesha uvAca- naitAni bhagavan! pa~jca kaShAyashatAni pUryante, tAni tAni hyevA~ggAnyupaplavante [1] teShu teShumahAkaShAyeShviti||21||   
 +
 
While Lord Atreya was saying thus, Agnivesha, inquired, “Sir, the number five hundred does not match with regards to medicines (or medicinal herbs) because the same constituents are repeated in these classes of medicines.” [21]
 
While Lord Atreya was saying thus, Agnivesha, inquired, “Sir, the number five hundred does not match with regards to medicines (or medicinal herbs) because the same constituents are repeated in these classes of medicines.” [21]
 +
 
तमुवाच भगवानात्रेयः- नैतदेवं बुद्धिमता द्रष्टव्यमग्निवेश|  
 
तमुवाच भगवानात्रेयः- नैतदेवं बुद्धिमता द्रष्टव्यमग्निवेश|  
 
एकोऽपि ह्यनेकां सञ्ज्ञां लभते कार्यान्तराणि कुर्वन्, तद्यथा- पुरुषो बहूनां  
 
एकोऽपि ह्यनेकां सञ्ज्ञां लभते कार्यान्तराणि कुर्वन्, तद्यथा- पुरुषो बहूनां  
 
कर्मणां करणे समर्थो भवति, स यद्यत् कर्म करोति तस्य तस्य कर्मणः  
 
कर्मणां करणे समर्थो भवति, स यद्यत् कर्म करोति तस्य तस्य कर्मणः  
 
कर्तृ-करण-कार्यसम्प्रयुक्तं तत्तद्गौणं नामविशेषं प्राप्नोति, तद्वदौषधद्रव्यमपिद्रष्टव्यम्|यदिचैकमेवकिञ्चिद्द्रव्यमासादयामस्तथागुणयुक्तं यत् सर्वकर्मणां करणे समर्थं स्यात्, कस्ततोऽन्यदिच्छेदुपधारयितुमुपदेष्टुं वा शिष्येभ्य इति||२२||  
 
कर्तृ-करण-कार्यसम्प्रयुक्तं तत्तद्गौणं नामविशेषं प्राप्नोति, तद्वदौषधद्रव्यमपिद्रष्टव्यम्|यदिचैकमेवकिञ्चिद्द्रव्यमासादयामस्तथागुणयुक्तं यत् सर्वकर्मणां करणे समर्थं स्यात्, कस्ततोऽन्यदिच्छेदुपधारयितुमुपदेष्टुं वा शिष्येभ्य इति||२२||  
 +
 
tamuvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ- naitadēvaṁ buddhimatā  
 
tamuvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ- naitadēvaṁ buddhimatā  
 
draṣṭavyamagnivēśa| ēkō'pi hyanēkāṁ sañjñāṁ labhatē  
 
draṣṭavyamagnivēśa| ēkō'pi hyanēkāṁ sañjñāṁ labhatē  
Line 501: Line 538:  
kastatō'nyadicchēdupadhārayitumupadēṣṭuṁ  
 
kastatō'nyadicchēdupadhārayitumupadēṣṭuṁ  
 
vā śiṣyēbhya iti||22||  
 
vā śiṣyēbhya iti||22||  
 +
 
tamuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH- naitadevaM buddhimatA draShTavyamagnivesha|  
 
tamuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH- naitadevaM buddhimatA draShTavyamagnivesha|  
 
eko~api hyanekAM sa~jj~jAM labhate kAryAntarANi kurvan, tadyathA- puruSho bahUnAM karmaNAM karaNe samartho bhavati, sa yadyat karma karoti tasya tasyakarmaNaH kartRu-karaNa-kAryasamprayuktaM tattadgauNaM nAmavisheShaM prApnoti, tadvadauShadhadravyamapi draShTavyam|  
 
eko~api hyanekAM sa~jj~jAM labhate kAryAntarANi kurvan, tadyathA- puruSho bahUnAM karmaNAM karaNe samartho bhavati, sa yadyat karma karoti tasya tasyakarmaNaH kartRu-karaNa-kAryasamprayuktaM tattadgauNaM nAmavisheShaM prApnoti, tadvadauShadhadravyamapi draShTavyam|  
Line 506: Line 544:     
Lord Atreya replied to him, “Agnivesha! These should not be looked at in this way by the intelligent. If a person acquires multiple skills, then he is identified by different names as per his skills based on instruments and his profession.  Likewise, a single medicine can work in different ways depending upon the properties and interaction with biological systems and performance of multiple functions.  If we could find such a certain single drug that is able to exert all the actions, who would intend to know or teach the students about the other drugs?” [22]
 
Lord Atreya replied to him, “Agnivesha! These should not be looked at in this way by the intelligent. If a person acquires multiple skills, then he is identified by different names as per his skills based on instruments and his profession.  Likewise, a single medicine can work in different ways depending upon the properties and interaction with biological systems and performance of multiple functions.  If we could find such a certain single drug that is able to exert all the actions, who would intend to know or teach the students about the other drugs?” [22]
 +
 
तत्र श्लोकाः- यतो यावन्ति यैर्द्रव्यैर्विरेचनशतानि षट्|  
 
तत्र श्लोकाः- यतो यावन्ति यैर्द्रव्यैर्विरेचनशतानि षट्|  
 
उक्तानि सङ्ग्रहेणेह तथैवैषां षडाश्रयाः||२३||  
 
उक्तानि सङ्ग्रहेणेह तथैवैषां षडाश्रयाः||२३||  
Line 511: Line 550:  
रसा लवणवर्ज्याश्च कषाय इति सञ्ज्ञिताः|  
 
रसा लवणवर्ज्याश्च कषाय इति सञ्ज्ञिताः|  
 
तस्मात् पञ्चविधा योनिः कषायाणामुदाहृता||२४||  
 
तस्मात् पञ्चविधा योनिः कषायाणामुदाहृता||२४||  
 +
 
तथा कल्पनमप्येषामुक्तं पञ्चविधं पुनः|  
 
तथा कल्पनमप्येषामुक्तं पञ्चविधं पुनः|  
 
महतां च कषायाणां पञ्चाशत् परिकीर्तिता||२५||  
 
महतां च कषायाणां पञ्चाशत् परिकीर्तिता||२५||  
 +
 
पञ्च चापि कषायाणां शतान्युक्तानि भागशः|  
 
पञ्च चापि कषायाणां शतान्युक्तानि भागशः|  
 
लक्षणार्थं, प्रमाणं हि विस्तरस्य न विद्यते||२६||  
 
लक्षणार्थं, प्रमाणं हि विस्तरस्य न विद्यते||२६||  
 +
 
न चालमतिसङ्क्षेपः सामर्थ्यायोपकल्पते|  
 
न चालमतिसङ्क्षेपः सामर्थ्यायोपकल्पते|  
 
अल्पबुद्धेरयं तस्मान्नातिसङ्क्षेपविस्तरः||२७||  
 
अल्पबुद्धेरयं तस्मान्नातिसङ्क्षेपविस्तरः||२७||  
 +
 
मन्दानां व्यवहाराय, बुधानां बुद्धिवृद्धये|  
 
मन्दानां व्यवहाराय, बुधानां बुद्धिवृद्धये|  
 
पञ्चाशत्को ह्ययं वर्गः कषायाणामुदाहृतः||२८||  
 
पञ्चाशत्को ह्ययं वर्गः कषायाणामुदाहृतः||२८||  
 +
 
तेषां कर्मसु बाह्येषु योगमाभ्यन्तरेषु च|  
 
तेषां कर्मसु बाह्येषु योगमाभ्यन्तरेषु च|  
 
संयोगं च प्रयोगं च यो वेद स भिषग्वरः||२९||  
 
संयोगं च प्रयोगं च यो वेद स भिषग्वरः||२९||  
 +
 
tatra ślōkāḥ-  
 
tatra ślōkāḥ-  
 
yatō yāvanti yairdravyairvirēcanaśatāni ṣaṭ|  
 
yatō yāvanti yairdravyairvirēcanaśatāni ṣaṭ|  
 
uktāni saṅgrahēṇēha tathaivaiṣāṁ ṣaḍāśrayāḥ||23||  
 
uktāni saṅgrahēṇēha tathaivaiṣāṁ ṣaḍāśrayāḥ||23||  
 +
 
rasā lavaṇavarjyāśca kaṣāya iti sañjñitāḥ|  
 
rasā lavaṇavarjyāśca kaṣāya iti sañjñitāḥ|  
 
tasmāt pañcavidhā yōniḥ kaṣāyāṇāmudāhr̥tā||24||  
 
tasmāt pañcavidhā yōniḥ kaṣāyāṇāmudāhr̥tā||24||  
 +
 
tathā kalpanamapyēṣāmuktaṁ pañcavidhaṁ punaḥ|  
 
tathā kalpanamapyēṣāmuktaṁ pañcavidhaṁ punaḥ|  
 
mahatāṁ ca kaṣāyāṇāṁ pañcāśat parikīrtitā||25||  
 
mahatāṁ ca kaṣāyāṇāṁ pañcāśat parikīrtitā||25||  
 +
 
pañca cāpi kaṣāyāṇāṁ śatānyuktāni bhāgaśaḥ|  
 
pañca cāpi kaṣāyāṇāṁ śatānyuktāni bhāgaśaḥ|  
 
lakṣaṇārthaṁ, pramāṇaṁ hi vistarasya na vidyatē||26||  
 
lakṣaṇārthaṁ, pramāṇaṁ hi vistarasya na vidyatē||26||  
 +
 
na cālamatisaṅkṣēpaḥ sāmarthyāyōpakalpatē|  
 
na cālamatisaṅkṣēpaḥ sāmarthyāyōpakalpatē|  
 
alpabuddhērayaṁ tasmānnātisaṅkṣēpavistaraḥ||27||  
 
alpabuddhērayaṁ tasmānnātisaṅkṣēpavistaraḥ||27||  
 +
 
mandānāṁ vyavahārāya, budhānāṁ buddhivr̥ddhayē|  
 
mandānāṁ vyavahārāya, budhānāṁ buddhivr̥ddhayē|  
 
pañcāśatkō hyayaṁ vargaḥ kaṣāyāṇāmudāhr̥taḥ||28||  
 
pañcāśatkō hyayaṁ vargaḥ kaṣāyāṇāmudāhr̥taḥ||28||  
 +
 
tēṣāṁ karmasu bāhyēṣu yōgamābhyantarēṣu ca|  
 
tēṣāṁ karmasu bāhyēṣu yōgamābhyantarēṣu ca|  
 
saṁyōgaṁ ca prayōgaṁ ca yō vēda sa bhiṣagvaraḥ||29||  
 
saṁyōgaṁ ca prayōgaṁ ca yō vēda sa bhiṣagvaraḥ||29||  
 +
 
tatra shlokAH-  
 
tatra shlokAH-  
 
yato yAvanti yairdravyairvirecanashatAni ShaT|  
 
yato yAvanti yairdravyairvirecanashatAni ShaT|  
 
uktAni sa~ggraheNeha tathaivaiShAM ShaDAshrayAH||23||  
 
uktAni sa~ggraheNeha tathaivaiShAM ShaDAshrayAH||23||  
 +
 
rasA lavaNavarjyAshca kaShAya iti sa~jj~jitAH|  
 
rasA lavaNavarjyAshca kaShAya iti sa~jj~jitAH|  
 
tasmAt [1] pa~jcavidhA yoniH kaShAyANAmudAhRutA||24||  
 
tasmAt [1] pa~jcavidhA yoniH kaShAyANAmudAhRutA||24||  
 +
 
tathA kalpanamapyeShAmuktaM pa~jcavidhaM punaH|  
 
tathA kalpanamapyeShAmuktaM pa~jcavidhaM punaH|  
 
mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM pa~jcAshat parikIrtitA||25||  
 
mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM pa~jcAshat parikIrtitA||25||  
 +
 
pa~jca cApi kaShAyANAM shatAnyuktAni bhAgashaH|  
 
pa~jca cApi kaShAyANAM shatAnyuktAni bhAgashaH|  
 
lakShaNArthaM, pramANaM hi vistarasya na vidyate||26||  
 
lakShaNArthaM, pramANaM hi vistarasya na vidyate||26||  
 +
 
na cAlamatisa~gkShepaH sAmarthyAyopakalpate|  
 
na cAlamatisa~gkShepaH sAmarthyAyopakalpate|  
 
alpabuddherayaM tasmAnnAtisa~gkShepavistaraH||27||  
 
alpabuddherayaM tasmAnnAtisa~gkShepavistaraH||27||  
 +
 
mandAnAM vyavahArAya, budhAnAM buddhivRuddhaye|  
 
mandAnAM vyavahArAya, budhAnAM buddhivRuddhaye|  
 
pa~jcAshatko hyayaM vargaH kaShAyANAmudAhRutaH||28||  
 
pa~jcAshatko hyayaM vargaH kaShAyANAmudAhRutaH||28||  
 +
 
teShAM karmasu bAhyeShu yogamAbhyantareShu ca|  
 
teShAM karmasu bAhyeShu yogamAbhyantareShu ca|  
 
saMyogaM ca prayogaM ca yo veda sa bhiShagvaraH||29||  
 
saMyogaM ca prayogaM ca yo veda sa bhiShagvaraH||29||  
    
Now, to summarize all this body of knowledge:  
 
Now, to summarize all this body of knowledge:  
 +
 
Six hundred evacuatives with their number of formulations and ingredients have been mentioned in this chapter in brief along with their six resources. Rasas, except lavana, are known as kashaya and as such five sources of medicines have been mentioned. Their five forms of preparations have also been mentioned. Further, fifty subgroups of medicines have also been mentioned along with the five hundred medicines as ingredients for the sake of definition. While there is no limit to elaboration, too much brevity would make things incomprehensible for the less intelligent. This description about fifty groups of medicines is neither too exhaustive nor too concise, which should be enough for the practice to the dull and for (further) advancement of knowledge to the scholars.
 
Six hundred evacuatives with their number of formulations and ingredients have been mentioned in this chapter in brief along with their six resources. Rasas, except lavana, are known as kashaya and as such five sources of medicines have been mentioned. Their five forms of preparations have also been mentioned. Further, fifty subgroups of medicines have also been mentioned along with the five hundred medicines as ingredients for the sake of definition. While there is no limit to elaboration, too much brevity would make things incomprehensible for the less intelligent. This description about fifty groups of medicines is neither too exhaustive nor too concise, which should be enough for the practice to the dull and for (further) advancement of knowledge to the scholars.
 +
 
He is the best among physicians who knows the application for external as well as internal actions, as well as combination and rational administration of these drugs. [23-29]
 
He is the best among physicians who knows the application for external as well as internal actions, as well as combination and rational administration of these drugs. [23-29]
Tattva vimarsha:
+
 
 +
=== Tattva vimarsha ===
 +
 
 
• Six sources of evacuatives (sourced from plant parts) are latex, root, bark, leaf, flower and fruit. Classification of medicinal herbs has been done on the basis of their specific action. [verse 5]  
 
• Six sources of evacuatives (sourced from plant parts) are latex, root, bark, leaf, flower and fruit. Classification of medicinal herbs has been done on the basis of their specific action. [verse 5]  
 
• Five origins of medicines in this compendium are based on their tastes: sweet, sour, pungent, bitter and astringent. These basic tastes can produce various medicine forms. However, the salty taste cannot produce any other medicinal form as it is soluble in water. [verse 6]   
 
• Five origins of medicines in this compendium are based on their tastes: sweet, sour, pungent, bitter and astringent. These basic tastes can produce various medicine forms. However, the salty taste cannot produce any other medicinal form as it is soluble in water. [verse 6]   
Line 561: Line 623:  
• A single medicine can work in different ways and depending upon the properties and modes of interaction with biological systems, may lead to different pharmacological effects. Similarly, different drugs could result in similar patterns to produce a common cumulative pharmacological effect. Therefore, these drugs have been grouped into specific mahakashaya [verse 22].
 
• A single medicine can work in different ways and depending upon the properties and modes of interaction with biological systems, may lead to different pharmacological effects. Similarly, different drugs could result in similar patterns to produce a common cumulative pharmacological effect. Therefore, these drugs have been grouped into specific mahakashaya [verse 22].
   −
Vidhi-vimarsha:
+
=== Vidhi vimarsha ===
 +
 
 
The chapter describes fifty classes of medicines per their selective action on biological systems and their expected pharmacological effects. These medicines are clinically used in various disease conditions and for indicated benefit:
 
The chapter describes fifty classes of medicines per their selective action on biological systems and their expected pharmacological effects. These medicines are clinically used in various disease conditions and for indicated benefit:
 
1.1 Jivaniya (vitaliser): Drugs which promote vitality are called 'jivaniya'. They promote formation of good quality body tissues and are used in the management of ojas disorders. These drugs are predominant in prithví + jala mahabhuta and are mostly madhura (sweet in taste) and sheeta veerya (cool in potency). These drugs are used in immunocompromised and chronic debilitating diseases.  
 
1.1 Jivaniya (vitaliser): Drugs which promote vitality are called 'jivaniya'. They promote formation of good quality body tissues and are used in the management of ojas disorders. These drugs are predominant in prithví + jala mahabhuta and are mostly madhura (sweet in taste) and sheeta veerya (cool in potency). These drugs are used in immunocompromised and chronic debilitating diseases.