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Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya (view source)

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=== Sanskrit text, transliteration, and English translation ===

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अथातःषड्विरेचनशताश्रितीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

इतिहस्माहभगवानात्रेयः||२||

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athātaḥ ṣaḍvirēcanaśatāśritīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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</div></div>

Now (I) shall expound the chapter on resources of six hundred evacuatives.

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==== Brief numerical categories of medicine====

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इह खलु षड् विरेचनशतानि भवन्ति, षड् विरेचनाश्रयाः, पञ्च कषाययोनयः, पञ्चविधं कषायकल्पनं, पञ्चाशन्महाकषायाः, पञ्च कषायशतानि, इति सङ्ग्रहः||३||

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iha khalu ṣaḍ virēcanaśatāni bhavanti, ṣaḍ virēcanāśrayāḥ, pañca kaṣāyayōnayaḥ, pañcavidhaṁkaṣāyakalpanaṁ, pañcāśanmahākaṣāyāḥ, pañca kaṣāyaśatāni, iti saṅgrahaḥ||3||

iha khalu ShaD virecanashatAni bhavanti, ShaD virecanAshrayAH, pa~jca kaShAyayonayaH, pa~jcavidhaM kaShAyakalpanaM, pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyAH, pa~jcakaShAyashatAni, iti sa~ggrahaH||3||

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</div></div>

Here are six hundred evacuatives, six classes of plant origin, five sources of medicines, five forms of medicine preparation, fifty classes of medicines and list of five hundred medicinal herbs, in brief. [3]

==== Six hundred formulations of medicinal plants ====

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षड् विरेचनशतानि, इति यदुक्तं तदिह सङ्ग्रहेणोदाहृत्य विस्तरेण

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लोध्रं विधौ षोडशयोगयुक्तं, महावृक्षो भवति विंशतियोगयुक्तः,

एकोनचत्वारिंशत्सप्तलाशङ्खिन्योर्योगाः,अष्टचत्वारिंशद्दन्तीद्रवन्त्योः, इति षड्विरेचनशतानि||४||

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ṣaḍ virēcanaśatāni, iti yaduktaṁ tadiha saṅgrahēṇōdāhr̥tya vistarēṇa kalpōpaniṣadi vyākhyāsyāmaḥ; (tatra)

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ShaD virecanashatAni, iti yaduktaM tadiha sa~ggraheNodAhRutya vistareNa kalpopaniShadi vyAkhyAsyAmaH; (tatra [1] ) trayastriMshadyogashataM praNItaMphaleShu, ekonacatvAriMshajjImUtakeShu yogAH, pa~jcacatvAriMshadikShvAkuShu, dhAmArgavaH ShaShTidhA bhavati yogayuktaH, kuTajastvaShTAdashadhAyogameti, kRutavedhanaM ShaShTidhA bhavati yogayuktaM, shyAmAtrivRudyogashataM praNItaM dashApare cAtra bhavanti yogAH, catura~ggulo dvAdashadhAyogameti, lodhraM vidhau ShoDashayogayuktaM, mahAvRukSho bhavati viMshatiyogayuktaH, ekonacatvAriMshat saptalAsha~gkhinyoryogAH,aShTacatvAriMshaddantIdravantyoH, iti ShaDvirecanashatAni||4||

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</div></div>

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Six hundred evacuatives, as said above, will be mentioned here in brief and will be described in detail in [[Kalpa Sthana]]. There are 133 formulations of ''madana phala'', 39 of ''devadali'', 45 of ''katutumbi'', 60 of ''dhamargava'', 18 of ''kutaja,'' 60 of ''koshataki'', 110 of ''shyama'' and ''trivrut'', 12 ''aragvadha'', 16 of ''lodhra'', 20 of ''sunhí'', 39 of ''saptalá'' and ''shankhini'', and 48 of ''dantí'' and ''dravantí.'' These are six hundred evacuatives. [4]

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==== Six parts of plants used in formulation ====

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षड् विरेचनाश्रया इति क्षीरमूलत्वक्पत्रपुष्पफलानीति||५||

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ṣaḍ virēcanāśrayā iti kṣīramūlatvakpatrapuṣpaphalānīti||5||

ShaD virecanAshrayA iti kShIramUlatvakpatrapuShpaphalAnIti||5||

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</div></div>

The six parts of plants that serve as sources of evacuatives are: latex, root, bark, leaf, flower and fruit. [5]

==== Basic tastes for medicinal preparations ====

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पञ्चकषाययोनयइतिमधुरकषायोऽम्लकषायःकटुकषायस्तिक्तकषायः

कषायकषायश्चेति तन्त्रे सञ्ज्ञा||६|

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pañca kaṣāyayōnaya iti madhurakaṣāyō'mlakaṣāyaḥ

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pa~jca kaShAyayonaya iti madhurakaShAyo~amlakaShAyaH kaTukaShAyastiktakaShAyaH kaShAyakaShAyashceti tantre sa~jj~jA||6||

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</div></div>

The five basic tastes associated with medicinal preparations mentioned in this compendium are: sweet, sour, pungent, bitter and astringent. [6]

==== Five types of medicinal forms ====

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पञ्चविधंकषायकल्पनमिति तद्यथा-

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व्याध्यातुरबलापेक्षिणी; न त्वेवं खलु सर्वाणि

सर्वत्रोपयोगीनि भवन्ति||७||

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pañcavidhaṁ kaṣāyakalpanamiti tadyathā- svarasaḥ,

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teShAM yathApUrvaM balAdhikyam; ataH kaShAyakalpanA vyAdhyAturabalApekShiNI;

na tvevaM khalu sarvANi sarvatropayogIni bhavanti||7||

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</div></div>

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The five forms of medicinal preparations are: juices, pastes, decoctions (i.e., herbs boiled with water), cold infusions (herbs soaked overnight in hot water), and hot infusions (herbs mixed with hot water).

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==== Fifty classes of medicines per their activity profile ====

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पञ्चाशन्महाकषाया’ इति यदुक्तं तदनुव्याख्यास्यामः;तद्यथा-

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मूत्रविरेचनीय इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः; कासहरः श्वासहरः शोथहरो ज्वरहरः श्रमहर

इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः; दाहप्रशमनः शीतप्रशमन उदर्दप्रशमनोऽङ्गमर्दप्रशमनः शूलप्रशमन इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः; शोणितस्थापनो वेदनास्थापनः सञ्ज्ञास्थापनः प्रजास्थापनो वयःस्थापन इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः; इति पञ्चाशन्महाकषाया महतां च कषायाणां लक्षणोदाहरणार्थं व्याख्याता भवन्ति| तेषामेकैकस्मिन् महाकषाये दश दशावयविकान् कषायाननुव्याख्यास्यामः; तान्येव पञ्च कषायशतानि भवन्ति||८||

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pañcāśanmahākaṣāyā’ iti yaduktaṁ tadanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ;

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‘pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyA’ iti yaduktaM tadanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH; tadyathA- jIvanIyo bRuMhaNIyo lekhanIyo bhedanIyaH sandhAnIyo dIpanIya iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH; balyo varNyaH kaNThyo hRudya iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH; tRuptighno~arshoghnaH kuShThaghnaH kaNDUghnaH krimighno viShaghna itiShaTkaH kaShAyavargaH; stanyajananaH stanyashodhanaH shukrajananaH shukrashodhana iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH; snehopagaH svedopago vamanopagovirecanopaga AsthApanopago~anuvAsanopagaH shirovirecanopaga iti saptakaH kaShAyavargaH; chardinigrahaNastRuShNAnigrahaNo hikkAnigrahaNa iti trikaHkaShAyavargaH; purIShasa~ggrahaNIyaH purIShavirajanIyo mUtrasa~ggrahaNIyo mUtravirajanIyo mUtravirecanIya iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH; kAsaharaHshvAsaharaH shothaharo jvaraharaH shramahara iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH; dAhaprashamanaH shItaprashamanaudardaprashamano~a~ggamardaprashamanaH shUlaprashamana iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH; shoNitasthApano vedanAsthApanaH sa~jj~jAsthApanaHprajAsthApano vayaHsthApana iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH; iti pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyA mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM lakShaNodAharaNArthaM vyAkhyAtAbhavanti|

teShAmekaikasmin mahAkaShAye dasha dashAvayavikAn kaShAyAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH; tAnyeva pa~jca kaShAyashatAni bhavanti||8||

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</div></div>

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====== Group I: Six subgroups of medicines ======

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तद्यथा- जीवकर्षभकौमेदामहामेदाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीमुद्गपर्णीमाषपर्ण्यौ जीवन्ती मधुकमिति दशेमानि जीवनीयानि भवन्ति (१),

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इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||९||

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tadyathā- jīvakarṣabhakau mēdā mahāmēdā kākōlī kṣīrakākōlī

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iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||9||

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</div></div>

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====== Group II: Four subgroups of medicines ======

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ऐन्द्र्यृषभ्यतिरसर्ष्यप्रोक्तापयस्याश्वगन्धास्थिरारोहिणीबलातिबला इति दशेमानि बल्यानि भवन्ति (७),

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इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१०||

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aindryr̥ṣabhyatirasarṣyaprōktāpayasyāśvagandhāsthirārōhiṇībalātibalā iti daśēmāni balyāni bhavanti (7),

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iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||10||

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</div></div>

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{| class="wikitable"

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====== Group III: Six subgroups of medicines ======

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नागरचव्यचित्रकविडङ्गमूर्वागुडूचीवचामुस्तपिप्पलीपटोलानीति

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इति षट्कः कषायवर्गः||११||

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nāgaracavyacitrakaviḍaṅgamūrvāguḍūcīvacāmustapippalīpaṭōlānīti daśēmāni tr̥ptighnāni bhavanti (11),

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iti ShaTkaHkaShAyavargaH||11||

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</div></div>

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====== Group IV: Four subgroups of medicines ======

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वीरणशालिषष्टिकेक्षुवालिकादर्भकुशकाशगुन्द्रेत्कटकत्तृणमूलानीति

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इति चतुष्कः कषायवर्गः||१२||

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vīraṇaśāliṣaṣṭikēkṣuvālikādarbhakuśakāśagundrētkaṭakattr̥ṇamūlānīti

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iti catuShkaH kaShAyavargaH||12||

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</div></div>

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{| class="wikitable"

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====== Group V: Seven subgroups of medicines ======

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मृद्वीकामधुकमधुपर्णीमेदाविदारीकाकोलीक्षीरकालोलीजीवकजीवन्तीशालपर्ण्य इति दशेमानि स्नेहोपगानि भवन्ति (२१),

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इति सप्तकः कषायवर्गः||१३||

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mr̥dvīkāmadhukamadhuparṇīmēdāvidārīkākōlīkṣīrakālōlījīvakajīvantīśālaparṇya iti daśēmāni snēhōpagāni bhavanti (21),

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iti saptakaHkaShAyavargaH||13||

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</div></div>

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{| class="wikitable"

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====== Group VI: Three subgroups of medicines ======

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जम्ब्वाम्रपल्लवमातुलुङ्गाम्लबदरदाडिमयवयष्टिकोशीरमृल्लाजा

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शटीपुष्करमूलबदरबीजकण्टकारिकाबृहतीवृक्षरुहाभयापिप्पलीदुरालभाकुलीरशृङ्ग्य इति दशेमानि हिक्कानिग्रहणानि भवन्ति (३०), इति त्रिकः कषायवर्गः||१४||

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jambvāmrapallavamātuluṅgāmlabadaradāḍimayavayaṣṭikōśīramr̥llājā iti daśēmāni chardinigrahaṇāni bhavanti (28),

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iti trikaHkaShAyavargaH||14||

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</div></div>

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====== Group VII: Five subgroups ======

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प्रियङ्ग्वनन्ताम्रास्थिकट्वङ्गलोध्रमोचरससमङ्गाधातकीपुष्पपद्मापद्मकेशराणीति

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इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१५||

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priyaṅgvanantāmrāsthikaṭvaṅgalōdhramōcarasasamaṅgādhātakīpuṣpapadmāpadmakēśarāṇīti daśēmāni purīṣasaṅgrahaṇīyānibhavanti (31),

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iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||15||

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</div></div>

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====== Group VIII: Five subgroups of medicines ======

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द्राक्षाभयामलकपिप्पलीदुरालभाशृङ्गीकण्टकारिकावृश्चीरपुनर्नवातामलक्य इति दशेमानि कासहराणि भवन्ति (३६),

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इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१६||

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drākṣābhayāmalakapippalīdurālabhāśr̥ṅgīkaṇṭakārikāvr̥ścīrapunarnavātāmalakya iti daśēmāni kāsaharāṇi bhavanti (36),

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iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH||16||

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</div></div>

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====== Group IX: Five subgroups of medicines ======

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लाजाचन्दनकाश्मर्यफलमधूकशर्करानीलोत्पलोशीरसारिवागुडूचीह्रीबेराणीति दशेमानि दाहप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४१),

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पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकशृङ्गवेरमरिचाजमोदाजगन्धाजाजीगण्डीराणीति दशेमानि शूलप्रशमनानि भवन्ति (४५), इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१७||

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lājācandanakāśmaryaphalamadhūkaśarkarānīlōtpalōśīrasārivāguḍūcīhrībērāṇīti daśēmāni dāhapraśamanāni bhavanti (41),

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iti pa~jcakaHkaShAyavargaH||17||

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</div></div>

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====== Group X: Five subgroups of medicines ======

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मधुमधुकरुधिरमोचरसमृत्कपाललोध्रगैरिकप्रियङ्गुशर्करालाजा

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इति पञ्चकः कषायवर्गः||१८||

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madhumadhukarudhiramōcarasamr̥tkapālalōdhragairikapriyaṅguśarkarālājā iti daśēmāni śōṇitasthāpanāni bhavanti (46),

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iti pa~jcakaH kaShAyavargaH||18||

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</div></div>

{| class="wikitable"

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|-

|}

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इति पञ्चकषायशतान्यभिसमस्य पञ्चाशन्महाकषाया महतां च कषायाणां लक्षणोदाहरणार्थं व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१९||

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iti pañcakaṣāyaśatānyabhisamasya pañcāśanmahākaṣāyā

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iti pa~jcakaShAyashatAnyabhisamasya pa~jcAshanmahAkaShAyA mahatAM ca kaShAyANAM lakShaNodAharaNArthaM vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||19||

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</div></div>

Thus five hundred medicines grouped in fifty classes have been mentioned alongwith definition and examples. [19]

==== Limitations and guidelines for description in ''Samhita'' ====

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नहि विस्तरस्य प्रमाणमस्ति, न चाप्यतिसङ्क्षेपोऽल्पबुद्धीनां सामर्थ्यायोपकल्पते, तस्मादनतिसङ्क्षेपेणानतिविस्तरेण चोपदिष्टाः|

एतावन्तो ह्यलमल्पबुद्धीनां व्यवहाराय, बुद्धिमतां

च स्वालक्षण्यानुमानयुक्तिकुशलानामनुक्तार्थज्ञानायेति||२०||

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nahi vistarasya pramāṇamasti, na cāpyatisaṅkṣēpō'lpabuddhīnāṁ

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nahi vistarasya pramANamasti, na cApyatisa~gkShepo~alpabuddhInAM sAmarthyAyopakalpate, tasmAdanatisa~gkShepeNAnativistareNa copadiShTAH|

etAvanto hyalamalpabuddhInAM vyavahArAya, buddhimatAM ca svAlakShaNyAnumAnayuktikushalAnAmanuktArthaj~jAnAyeti||20||

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</div></div>

There is no limit of expansion, nor too much briefness can be sufficient for comprehending to those having low intelligence, hence (these) have been mentioned in neither too exhaustive nor too concise (style). These as such are enough for practice to the less intelligent and for the knowledge of hidden ideas to the intelligent and proficient in inference and rationale on the basis of self-definition. [20]

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एवंवादिनं भगवन्तमात्रेयमग्निवेश उवाच- नैतानि भगवन्!

पञ्च कषायशतानि पूर्यन्ते, तानि तानि ह्येवाङ्गान्युपप्लवन्ते तेषु तेषु महाकषायेष्विति||२१||

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ēvaṁvādinaṁ bhagavantamātrēyamagnivēśa

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evaMvAdinaM bhagavantamAtreyamagnivesha uvAca- naitAni bhagavan! pa~jca kaShAyashatAni pUryante, tAni tAni hyevA~ggAnyupaplavante [1] teShu teShumahAkaShAyeShviti||21||

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</div></div>

While Lord Atreya was saying thus, Agnivesha, inquired, “Sir, the number five hundred does not match with regards to medicines (or medicinal herbs) because the same constituents are repeated in these classes of medicines.” [21]

==== Importance of knowing synonyms ====

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तमुवाच भगवानात्रेयः- नैतदेवं बुद्धिमता द्रष्टव्यमग्निवेश|

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कर्मणां करणे समर्थो भवति, स यद्यत् कर्म करोति तस्य तस्य कर्मणः

कर्तृ-करण-कार्यसम्प्रयुक्तं तत्तद्गौणं नामविशेषं प्राप्नोति, तद्वदौषधद्रव्यमपिद्रष्टव्यम्|यदिचैकमेवकिञ्चिद्द्रव्यमासादयामस्तथागुणयुक्तं यत् सर्वकर्मणां करणे समर्थं स्यात्, कस्ततोऽन्यदिच्छेदुपधारयितुमुपदेष्टुं वा शिष्येभ्य इति||२२||

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tamuvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ- naitadēvaṁ buddhimatā

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eko~api hyanekAM sa~jj~jAM labhate kAryAntarANi kurvan, tadyathA- puruSho bahUnAM karmaNAM karaNe samartho bhavati, sa yadyat karma karoti tasya tasyakarmaNaH kartRu-karaNa-kAryasamprayuktaM tattadgauNaM nAmavisheShaM prApnoti, tadvadauShadhadravyamapi draShTavyam|

yadi caikameva ki~jciddravyamAsAdayAmastathAguNayuktaM yat sarvakarmaNAM karaNe samarthaM syAt, kastato~anyadicchedupadhArayitumupadeShTuM vAshiShyebhya iti||22||

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Lord Atreya replied to him, “Agnivesha! These should not be looked at in this way by the intelligent. If a person acquires multiple skills, then he is identified by different names as per his skills based on instruments and his profession. Likewise, a single medicine can work in different ways depending upon the properties and interaction with biological systems and performance of multiple functions. If we could find such a certain single drug that is able to exert all the actions, who would intend to know or teach the students about the other drugs?” [22]

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==== Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकाः-

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तेषां कर्मसु बाह्येषु योगमाभ्यन्तरेषु च|

संयोगं च प्रयोगं च यो वेद स भिषग्वरः||२९||

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tatra ślōkāḥ-

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teShAM karmasu bAhyeShu yogamAbhyantareShu ca|

saMyogaM ca prayogaM ca yo veda sa bhiShagvaraH||29||

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Now, to summarize all this body of knowledge:

Agnivesha

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