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Line 1: + − + + + + − − <big>'''Abstract '''</big> − − In this chapter several formulations of ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) for ''shodhana'' (purification) are described. Sixteen formulations with different drugs are indicated for use in combination with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini''. − − '''Keywords''': ''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa), ''Shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides), ''Virechana'' (therapeutic purgation). − Line 25:
Line 22: − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + − === Introduction ===+ + − + + + + − Out of 600 formulations, 39 formulations are for ''virechana'' and rest are for ''vamana''. ''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' have purgative effect, and are included in shodhana kashaya (group of purification medicines)4.+ − ''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' are described together, because of their botanical similarity. ''Saptala'' or ''charmasahva'' has leathery and frothy appearance due to the presence of latex. ''Shankhini'' is called ''tiktala'' also, because of its bitter property (''tikta rasa dravya'') is good to pacify ''pitta'' by ''virechana karma''.+ − − Line 44:
Line 55: − === Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===+ Line 61:
Line 72: − + − ==== Synonyms ====+ Line 82:
Line 93: − ==== Therapeutic indications ====+ Line 99:
Line 110: − + − ==== Method of collection ====+ Line 120:
Line 131: − ==== Preparation in ''kapha-vata'' dominant cardiac disorder and ''gulma'' ====+ Line 137:
Line 148: − + − ==== Purgative formulations ====+ Line 186:
Line 197: − ==== Oil based formulations ====+ Line 238:
Line 249: − ==== Ghee (clarified butter) preparations ====+ Line 343:
Line 354: − === Summary ===+ Line 380:
Line 391: − === Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ===+ − + − + − + − #Charak Samhita by Kashi Nath Shastri Kalpa Sthan , Chapter 1, Verse no. 6, pg 892, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy.+ − + − + − + − #Commentary of Dalhan on drugs of Sushruta Samhita+ − #Charak Samhita by Kashi Nath Shastri, Sutra Sthana , Chapter 1, Verse no. 78-79, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy+ − + − #Charak Samhita by Kashi Nath Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 4, Verse no. 8(4)+ − #Bhela Samhita by P.V Sherma, Kalpa Sthana, Chapter 8, pg no. 504-507 Chaukhamba Bharti Academy+ − + − #Gara – ( gara - गर ) – Any poisonous substance which can harm our body.+ − #Hªdaroga ( हृद्रोग ) Any disease related with cardiac activity(physiological and anatomical+ − #KuÒÔha ( कुष्ठ ) The disease which causes abnormality in blood or any defect in seven dhatus which ultimately causes several skin problems.+ − + − #Udar ( उदर ) A region lies between the level of nipples and umbilicus i.e abdomen.+ − #Vikasi ( विकासि ) A property which easily spreads in all over the body and causes flaccidness of joints and decreases immunity.+ − #Tikshna ( तीक्ष्ण ) Penetrating property which causes drastic purgation.+ − #Ruksha ( रूक्ष ) A property opposite to oily substance. + − #PrasannÁ ( प्रसन्ना ) A variety of alcohol − − #Dadhimanda ( दधिमण्ड ) A mixture of curd and water in which amount of water is two times of amount of curd. − #Sauviraka ( सौवीरक ) A sour − #TuÒodaka ( तुषोदक ) A preparation of rice and water after fermentation. − #SÍdhu ( सीधु ) When juice of sugarcane is placed for fermentation and result of this fermentation is called SÍdhu − #Kalka ( कल्क ) Paste of drug which is formed with media like water, milk etc. − − #SurÁ ( ) Alcohol
Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya (view source)
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|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini
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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini '''</big>
<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini '''</big>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya
|title = Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|header3 =
|data6 = Singh A.K.,Singh A.
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|label10 = Publisher
|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label11 = DOI
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.012 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.012]
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract '''</big>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
In this chapter several formulations of ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) for ''shodhana'' (purification) are described. Sixteen formulations with different drugs are indicated for use in combination with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini''.
'''Keywords''': ''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa), ''Shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides), [[Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation).
</div>
Two drugs named ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are mainly effective to eliminate the ''dosha'' through ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation). ''Virechana dravya'' are predominant in ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhuta'' having ''sthira''(steady) and ''guru''(heavy) properties respectively and propel contents down while being digested.3 (Su.Ci 33/34).
== Introduction ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Two drugs named ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are mainly effective to eliminate the [[dosha]] through [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [[Virechana]] dravya are predominant in [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]] [[mahabhuta]] having ''sthira''(steady) and ''guru''(heavy) properties respectively and propel contents down while being digested.3<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.33 Vamanavirechanasadhyopadrava Chaikitsitam Adhyaya verse 34. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>
Out of 600 formulations, 39 formulations are for [[virechana]] and rest are for [[vamana]]. ''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' have purgative effect, and are included in shodhana kashaya (group of purification medicines).
''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' are described together, because of their botanical similarity. ''Saptala'' or ''charmasahva'' has leathery and frothy appearance due to the presence of latex. ''Shankhini'' is called ''tiktala'' also, because of its bitter property (''tikta rasa dravya'') is good to pacify [[pitta]] by [[virechana]] karma.
For the assessment of their useful part, ''saptala'' is ''mulini''6 whose useful part is root. ''Shankhini'' is ''phalini'' 7 whose useful part is fruit. ''Shankhini'' also has ''bhedana'' property for use in [[virechana]]. Several other drugs mentioned are used in different formulations with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' to provide synergistic effect and to overcome adverse effects which may occur by these two drugs because of its ''vikasi, tikshna'' and ''ruksha guna''.
For the assessment of their useful part, ''saptala'' is ''mulini''6 whose useful part is root. ''Shankhini'' is ''phalini'' 7 whose useful part is fruit. ''Shankhini'' also has ''bhedana'' property for use in ''virechana.'' Several other drugs mentioned are used in different formulations with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' to provide synergistic effect and to overcome adverse effects which may occur by these two drugs because of its ''vikasi, tikshna'' and ''ruksha guna''.
Botanical description-
Botanical description-
''Shankhini'' is described in Wealth of India 11 as Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. It has many branches annual, 12-18 in. High, with sessile, linear lanceolate leaves; capsules 3-4mm. in diameter containing ellipsoid seeds, 3mm. long. It is found practically throughout India in the plains and on low hills.
''Shankhini'' is described in Wealth of India 11 as Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. It has many branches annual, 12-18 in. High, with sessile, linear lanceolate leaves; capsules 3-4mm. in diameter containing ellipsoid seeds, 3mm. long. It is found practically throughout India in the plains and on low hills.
== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==
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Now we shall expound the different ''kalpa'' (Therapeutic formulations) of ''Saptala'' and ''Shankhini''. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter "Saptalashankhini Kalpa" (Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
=== Synonyms ===
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''Saptala'' is described along with two other names like ''charmasahva'' and ''bahuphenarasa''. ''Shankhini'' is described with other synonyms like ''tiktala, yavatikta,'' and ''akshipidaka''. [3]
''Saptala'' is described along with two other names like ''charmasahva'' and ''bahuphenarasa''. ''Shankhini'' is described with other synonyms like ''tiktala, yavatikta,'' and ''akshipidaka''. [3]
=== Therapeutic indications ===
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These two are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (any cardiac related problem), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' ( inflammatory condition), ''udara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) and excess aggravation of ''kapha dosha'' due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' (by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshna'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and sharp effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness). [4]
These two are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (any cardiac related problem), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' ( inflammatory condition), ''udara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) and excess aggravation of [[kapha dosha]] due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' (by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshna'' (a property which exerts immediate, strong and sharp effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness). [4]
=== Method of collection ===
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''Shankhini'' fruits that are not too dry should be taken after removing husk. Root of ''saptala'' should be taken and preserved in a vessel. [5]
''Shankhini'' fruits that are not too dry should be taken after removing husk. Root of ''saptala'' should be taken and preserved in a vessel. [5]
=== Preparation in [[kapha]]-[[vata]] dominant cardiac disorder and ''gulma'' ===
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Paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' is indicated in amount of ''akshaamatra'' (measuring unit which is approximately 12 gm) with ''prasanna'' (clear wine) and ''saindhava lavana'' (rock salt) in ''hridroga'' and ''gulma'' caused due to ''kapha'' and ''vata dosha''. [6]
Paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' is indicated in amount of ''akshaamatra'' (measuring unit which is approximately 12 gm) with ''prasanna'' (clear wine) and ''saindhava lavana'' (rock salt) in ''hridroga'' and ''gulma'' caused due to [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [[dosha]]. [6]
=== Purgative formulations ===
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#Sidhu (another variety of alcohol) [7-8]
#Sidhu (another variety of alcohol) [7-8]
=== Oil based formulations ===
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#''Karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Pierre) [10-11]
#''Karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Pierre) [10-11]
=== Ghee (clarified butter) preparations ===
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''Sauviraka'' and ''tushodaka'' as said in context of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' as well with ''ajagandha'' and ''ajashringi'' should be prepared with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' which act as purgative.[17]
''Sauviraka'' and ''tushodaka'' as said in context of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' as well with ''ajagandha'' and ''ajashringi'' should be prepared with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' which act as purgative.[17]
== Summary ==
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Sixteen preparations with decoctions, six in oil, eight in ghee, five in fermented liquors, three as linctus and one with ''kampillaka'' thus total thirty nine tested formulations of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' have been described. They are useful in combination or separately. [18-19]
Sixteen preparations with decoctions, six in oil, eight in ghee, five in fermented liquors, three as linctus and one with ''kampillaka'' thus total thirty nine tested formulations of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' have been described. They are useful in combination or separately. [18-19]
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are purgatives with sharp, instantaneous pharmacological effects.
*''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are purgatives with sharp, instantaneous pharmacological effects.
*They are mainly indicated in diseases with abnormally increased fluid accumulation in body cavities.
*They are mainly indicated in diseases with abnormally increased fluid accumulation in body cavities.
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
These are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorder), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' (swellings), ''udara'' ( abdominal diseases) due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' ( by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshana'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness), by these properties it pacifies ''kapha dosha'' in persons predominating ''kapha''. Various formulations are mentioned in this chapter.
These are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorder), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' (swellings), ''udara'' ( abdominal diseases) due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' ( by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshana'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness), by these properties it pacifies [[kapha]] [[dosha]] in persons predominating [[kapha]]. Various formulations are mentioned in this chapter.
=== Reference ===
===Related Links===
[[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]] Verse 6, 78-79, 81-84
#Susruta Samhita by Ambika Datta Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 45, Verse No. 45, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy.
#Susruta Samhita by Ambika Datta Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 33, Verse No. 34, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy
[[Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya]] Verse 8
#Susruta Samhita by P.V Sharma, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 37 Verse no. 12, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
=== Further reading ===
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.45 Dravadravyavidhi Adhyaya. Verse 45 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Charak Samhita by Kashi Nath Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 1 , Verse No. 81-84
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.33 Avaaraneya Adhyaya. Verse 34 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.37 Mishraka Adhyaya. Verse 12 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Bhela.Kalpa Sthana, Chapter 8, In:P.V Sherma,, Editor, Bhela Samhita. ?ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Bharti Academy: ?? pg no. 504-507
#Dravyaguna Vigyan by P.V Sharma, Vol 1, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
#Dravyaguna Vigyan by P.V Sharma, Vol 1, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
#Wealth of India, Vol III, Publication & Directorate CSIR, New Delhi
#Wealth of India, Vol III, Publication & Directorate CSIR, New Delhi
=== Glossary ===
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==References==
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#Ïopha ( शोफ ) It is an inflammatory process which arises in several pathological conditions and involves itching, oedema, redness, temperature, pain.
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#Maireya ( मैरेये ) A variety of alcohol.
#KaÒÁya ( कषाये ) To boil drugs with water, milk upto certain extent to get decoction.