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{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Rasayana Chikitsa Adhyaya

|title=Rasayana Chikitsa Adhyaya

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva, Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa, Ayurveda, charak samhita, anti ageing, Indian system of medicine.  

|keywords=Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva, Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa, Ayurveda, charak samhita, anti ageing, Indian system of medicine,Singh R.H.,Sodhi J.S., Dixit U.,Deole Y.S., Basisht G.  

|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 1. The specialization of Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy)

|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 1. The specialization of Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy)

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1. Rejuvenation therapy </big>'''

'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1. Rejuvenation therapy </big>'''

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.002 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.002]

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.002 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.002]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>  

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>  

<div style="text-align:justify;">[[Rasayana]], the first chapter of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deals with one of the most important specialties of ''Ashtanga'' (eight branches)[[Ayurveda]], namely, ''Rasayana Tantra''. Rasayana means rejuvenation and anti-ageing therapies in [[Ayurveda]]. It also includes all measures for geriatric healthcare and immunity enhancement. [[Rasayana]] essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The [[rasayana]] are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a [[rasayana]] food, or a positive healthy life style with a [[rasayana]] effect or a [[rasayana]] drug or all the three together. The [[rasayana]] remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This chapter is divided in four ''padas'' (parts) dealing with different aspects of [[Rasayana]] therapy.  

<p style="text-align:justify;">[[Rasayana]], the first chapter of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deals with one of the most important specialties of ''Ashtanga'' (eight branches)[[Ayurveda]], namely, ''Rasayana Tantra''. [[Rasayana]] means rejuvenation and anti-ageing therapies in [[Ayurveda]]. It also includes all measures for geriatric healthcare and immunity enhancement. [[Rasayana]] essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The [[rasayana]] are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a [[rasayana]] food, or a positive healthy life style with a [[rasayana]] effect or a [[rasayana]] drug or all the three together. The [[rasayana]] remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This chapter is divided in four ''padas'' (parts) dealing with different aspects of [[Rasayana]] therapy.  

The four ''padas'' are named as:

The four ''padas'' are named as:

#''[[Ayurveda]] Samutthaniya Rasayana Pada''.

#''[[Ayurveda]] Samutthaniya Rasayana Pada''.

'''Keywords''':''Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva,'' Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa''.

'''Keywords''':''[[Rasayana]], [[Ojas]] , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva,'' Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa''.

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

#''Agada tantra''  -  Toxicology

#''Agada tantra''  -  Toxicology

#[[Rasayana]]  - Nutrition, Rejuvenation, Immunology and Geriatrics

#[[Rasayana]]  - Nutrition, Rejuvenation, Immunology and Geriatrics

#''Vajikarana''  - Sexology, Aphrodisiac and Reproduction

#''[[Vajikarana]]''  - Sexology, Aphrodisiac and Reproduction

#''Bhuta Vidya''  - Psychiatry and Demonology

#''Bhuta Vidya''  - Psychiatry and Demonology

The present chapter deals with ''Rasayana tantra'' of ''Ashtanga [[Ayurveda]]'' which has assumed a very high consideration in contemporary times in view of the potential role it could play today with increasing incidence of nutritional disorders, lifestyle related health issues and above all the rapid population aging world over, warranting newer strategies for geriatric health care and healthy aging where modern medicine has not much to offer.

The present chapter deals with ''Rasayana tantra'' of ''Ashtanga [[Ayurveda]]'' which has assumed a very high consideration in contemporary times in view of the potential role it could play today with increasing incidence of nutritional disorders, lifestyle related health issues and above all the rapid population aging world over, warranting newer strategies for geriatric health care and healthy aging where modern medicine has not much to offer.

[[Rasayana]] is the means of obtaining the best qualities of body cells and tissues and is able to defeat aging and disease. All ''rasayanas'' are ''ojovardhaka'' i.e. promoter of ''ojas'' or immune strength in the body, imparting ''vyadhikshamatva'' i.e. immunity in the body. The mode of action of [[Rasayana]] remedies has been deliberated for long. Many scholars consider [[Rasayana]] effect as the ''prabhava'' (specific therapeutic effect) of these remedies without really giving rational interpretation. However, Professor RH Singh et al (1972) have suggested that the [[Rasayana]] remedies and measures act at three levels and produce subtle molecular nutrient and immune-enhancing effect with a range of secondary impacts such as improved nutritional status, immune-enhancing, longevity, healthy aging, promotion of health and prevention of disease. The three levels of action are:

[[Rasayana]] is the means of obtaining the best qualities of body cells and tissues and is able to defeat aging and disease. All ''[[rasayana]]s'' are ''ojovardhaka'' i.e. promoter of ''[[ojas]]'' or immune strength in the body, imparting ''vyadhikshamatva'' i.e. immunity in the body. The mode of action of [[Rasayana]] remedies has been deliberated for long. Many scholars consider [[Rasayana]] effect as the ''prabhava'' (specific therapeutic effect) of these remedies without really giving rational interpretation. However, Professor RH Singh et al (1972) have suggested that the [[Rasayana]] remedies and measures act at three levels and produce subtle molecular nutrient and immune-enhancing effect with a range of secondary impacts such as improved nutritional status, immune-enhancing, longevity, healthy aging, promotion of health and prevention of disease. The three levels of action are:

#At the level of ''rasa'' acting as a direct nutrient enriching the nutrient value of plasma.

#At the level of ''rasa'' acting as a direct nutrient enriching the nutrient value of plasma.

#''Roganut'' or disease curing.  

#''Roganut'' or disease curing.  

The ''ojovardhaka'' remedies again are of two categories namely [[Rasayana]] and ''vajikarana''. The chapter further describes the qualities of [[Rasayana]] and the methods of its use. It specially dwells upon the best [[Rasayana]] drugs like ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amalaka Rasayana, Haritaki Yoga'' etc.

The ''ojovardhaka'' remedies again are of two categories namely [[Rasayana]] and ''[[vajikarana]]''. The chapter further describes the qualities of [[Rasayana]] and the methods of its use. It specially dwells upon the best [[Rasayana]] drugs like ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amalaka Rasayana, Haritaki Yoga'' etc.

The second part, ''Pranakamiya Rasayana Pada'', deliberates on ''rasayana prabhava'' with examples of certain special ''aushadhi rasayanas'' like ''Amalaki Ghrita, Amalakyavaleha, Amalaka Churna, Vidangavaleha, Nagabala Rasayana, Baladi Rasayana, Bhallataka Kshira'' etc.

The second part, ''Pranakamiya Rasayana Pada'', deliberates on ''rasayana prabhava'' with examples of certain special ''aushadhi rasayanas'' like ''Amalaki Ghrita, Amalakyavaleha, Amalaka Churna, Vidangavaleha, Nagabala Rasayana, Baladi Rasayana, Bhallataka Kshira'' etc.

''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) is also of two types – (1) ''badhana'' (acute), (2) ''sanubadhana'' (chronic).[5]

''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) is also of two types – (1) ''badhana'' (acute), (2) ''sanubadhana'' (chronic).[5]

==== Objective of [[Rasayana]] and ''Vajikarana'' ====

==== Objective of [[Rasayana]] and ''[[Vajikarana]]'' ====

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By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]

By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]

==== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' ====

==== Benefits of ''[[Vajikarana]]'' ====

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''Vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is that which produces lineage of progeny, quick sexual stimulation, enables one to perform sexual act with the women uninterruptedly and vigorously like a horse, makes one charming for the women, promotes corpulence and infallible and indestructible semen even in the old persons, renders one great having a number of off-springs like a sacred tree branched profusely and commanding respect and popularity in the society. By this one attains eternality based on filial tradition here and hereafter along with fame, fortune, strength and corpulence. [9-12]

''[[Vajikarana]]'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is that which produces lineage of progeny, quick sexual stimulation, enables one to perform sexual act with the women uninterruptedly and vigorously like a horse, makes one charming for the women, promotes corpulence and infallible and indestructible semen even in the old persons, renders one great having a number of off-springs like a sacred tree branched profusely and commanding respect and popularity in the society. By this one attains eternality based on filial tradition here and hereafter along with fame, fortune, strength and corpulence. [9-12]

==== Two types of ''Aushadha'' (medicine) ====

==== Two types of ''Aushadha'' (medicine) ====

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Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of [[Rasayana]] therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''ojas'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the [[Rasayana]] treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]

Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of [[Rasayana]] therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''[[ojas]]'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the [[Rasayana]] treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]

==== ''Amalaki'' ghee ====

==== ''Amalaki'' ghee ====

Here are the verses-

Here are the verses-

The fruits of ''bhallataka'' are irritant, inflaming and are like fire but they assume nectar like properties if used as prescribed. Their use in the above ten forms is described which should be prescribed considering the disease, constitution, and suitability. There is no disorder of ''kapha'' and obstructive condition which is not ameliorated by ''bhallataka'' quickly. Moreover, it promotes intellect and ''agni''.

The fruits of ''bhallataka'' are irritant, inflaming and are like fire but they assume nectar like properties if used as prescribed. Their use in the above ten forms is described which should be prescribed considering the disease, constitution, and suitability. There is no disorder of ''[[kapha]]'' and obstructive condition which is not ameliorated by ''bhallataka'' quickly. Moreover, it promotes intellect and ''agni''.

In early days, the old great sages like Chyavana etc, who desiring vital strength, attained immeasurable life span by using these beneficial [[Rasayana]] formulations. After attaining longevity they performed as desired, spiritual penance, celibacy and self- medications and ascended to the heaven. Hence those who desire longevity, vital strength and happiness should use the [[Rasayana]] methodically and carefully. [17-22]

In early days, the old great sages like Chyavana etc, who desiring vital strength, attained immeasurable life span by using these beneficial [[Rasayana]] formulations. After attaining longevity they performed as desired, spiritual penance, celibacy and self- medications and ascended to the heaven. Hence those who desire longevity, vital strength and happiness should use the [[Rasayana]] methodically and carefully. [17-22]

''Aindri, matsyakhyaka, brahmi, vacha, brahmasuvarchala, pippali, lavana, shankhapushpi,'' all in quantity of three barley grains, gold in that of two barley grains, visa equal to one sesame seed and ghee 40 gms – mixed together and used. Once the food is digested, a diet consisting of honey and plenty of ghee is prescribed.

''Aindri, matsyakhyaka, brahmi, vacha, brahmasuvarchala, pippali, lavana, shankhapushpi,'' all in quantity of three barley grains, gold in that of two barley grains, visa equal to one sesame seed and ghee 40 gms – mixed together and used. Once the food is digested, a diet consisting of honey and plenty of ghee is prescribed.

This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''ojas'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This [[Rasayana]] alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]

This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''[[ojas]]'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This [[Rasayana]] alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

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Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is [[Rasayana]] in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''doshas'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The [[Rasayana]] use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]

Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is [[Rasayana]] in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''[[dosha]]s'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The [[Rasayana]] use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

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''Shilajatu'' originates from four metals – gold, silver, copper and black iron and is slightly sour, astringent in taste, ''katu'' in ''vipaka'' and is moderate in ''veerya''. This is [[Rasayana]] in effect and if applied methodically it is aphrodisiac and alleviates diseases. Its potency enhances if it is impregnated with decoction of drugs alleviating ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' either singly or in combination. [48-50]

''Shilajatu'' originates from four metals – gold, silver, copper and black iron and is slightly sour, astringent in taste, ''katu'' in ''vipaka'' and is moderate in ''veerya''. This is [[Rasayana]] in effect and if applied methodically it is aphrodisiac and alleviates diseases. Its potency enhances if it is impregnated with decoction of drugs alleviating ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' either singly or in combination. [48-50]

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Specific characters according to the source and the method of administration will be explained now. The rocky ores of gold etc., when heated by the sun ooze a material like lac, soft, smooth and clear. This is ''shilajatu''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from gold ore is sweet, slightly bitter, having color like ''japa'' flower, pungent in ''vipaka'' and ''sheeta'' ''veerya''. That obtained from silver ore is pungent, white, cold and sweet in ''vipaka''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from copper ore is like peacock neck, bitter, hot and pungent in ''vipaka''. That which is like ''gugguluka'' is the best of all. All types of ''shilajatu'' smell like cow urine and are applicable in all conditions. However, in the use of [[Rasayana]], the last one is preferred, the above types of ''shilajatu'' are useful in ''vata-pitta'', ''kapha-pitta, kapha'' and ''tridosha'' respectively. [55-61]

Specific characters according to the source and the method of administration will be explained now. The rocky ores of gold etc., when heated by the sun ooze a material like lac, soft, smooth and clear. This is ''shilajatu''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from gold ore is sweet, slightly bitter, having color like ''japa'' flower, pungent in ''vipaka'' and ''sheeta'' ''veerya''. That obtained from silver ore is pungent, white, cold and sweet in ''vipaka''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from copper ore is like peacock neck, bitter, hot and pungent in ''vipaka''. That which is like ''gugguluka'' is the best of all. All types of ''shilajatu'' smell like cow urine and are applicable in all conditions. However, in the use of [[Rasayana]], the last one is preferred, the above types of ''shilajatu'' are useful in ''[[vata]]-[[pitta]]'', ''[[kapha]]-[[pitta]], [[kapha]]'' and ''tridosha'' respectively. [55-61]

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The [[Rasayana]] preparations, ''vajikarana'' recipes and remedies designed for the treatment of diseases – all depend on (vision and skill of) the physician. Hence the wise should honour with all means the treating physician who promotes life, is wise and well versed in the science of life as the king of gods honours Ashwins.

The [[Rasayana]] preparations, ''[[vajikarana]]'' recipes and remedies designed for the treatment of diseases – all depend on (vision and skill of) the physician. Hence the wise should honour with all means the treating physician who promotes life, is wise and well versed in the science of life as the king of gods honours Ashwins.

Ashwins are the physicians of gods and carriers of sacrifices. The head of sacrifice was cut which was joined by Ashwins. The fallen teeth of Pushan, destroyed eyes of Bhaga and the spastic arm of Vajrina were treated by them and thus he, addicted to ''soma'' drink, was again made happy. Chyavana, the descendent of Bhrigu, who was sexually indulged and became diseased, devoid of complexion and voice in old age, was reverted to youthful age. On account of these and other similar achievements, the two excellent physicians became highly adorable to the great selves like Indra, etc. and vessels, praises, recitations, various food preparations, incenses and animals are offered to them by the twins born. In the morning, Indra enjoys the ''soma'' drink in the company of Ashwins and he also makes pleasure along with them in the ''sautramani'' sacrifice. Indra, Agni and Ashwins were worshipped mostly by the twin born and are praised in the vedic hymns, not so the other gods. Thus the twin physicians Ashwins are worshipped by the gods and their masters. Then how should the physicians not be honored with all means by mortals who are affected by the death, diseases and senility and after the search of happiness? The physicians who is endowed with good conduct, wisdom and rationality, is thrice born, well versed in scriptures and master of life should be honored as preceptor by the people. [39-51]

Ashwins are the physicians of gods and carriers of sacrifices. The head of sacrifice was cut which was joined by Ashwins. The fallen teeth of Pushan, destroyed eyes of Bhaga and the spastic arm of Vajrina were treated by them and thus he, addicted to ''soma'' drink, was again made happy. Chyavana, the descendent of Bhrigu, who was sexually indulged and became diseased, devoid of complexion and voice in old age, was reverted to youthful age. On account of these and other similar achievements, the two excellent physicians became highly adorable to the great selves like Indra, etc. and vessels, praises, recitations, various food preparations, incenses and animals are offered to them by the twins born. In the morning, Indra enjoys the ''soma'' drink in the company of Ashwins and he also makes pleasure along with them in the ''sautramani'' sacrifice. Indra, Agni and Ashwins were worshipped mostly by the twin born and are praised in the vedic hymns, not so the other gods. Thus the twin physicians Ashwins are worshipped by the gods and their masters. Then how should the physicians not be honored with all means by mortals who are affected by the death, diseases and senility and after the search of happiness? The physicians who is endowed with good conduct, wisdom and rationality, is thrice born, well versed in scriptures and master of life should be honored as preceptor by the people. [39-51]

#The objectives of [[Ayurveda]] healthcare management includes ''chikitsa'' (measures that alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbs), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps and sustains recovery to normalcy), and ''hita'' (wholesome). (verse 3-4)

#The objectives of [[Ayurveda]] healthcare management includes ''chikitsa'' (measures that alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbs), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps and sustains recovery to normalcy), and ''hita'' (wholesome). (verse 3-4)

#The therapeutics for preservation of health include ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and [[Rasayana]] (promotives) that helps promoting strength and immunity.  

#The therapeutics for preservation of health include ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and [[Rasayana]] (promotives) that helps promoting strength and immunity.  

#Objective of [[Rasayana]] therapy is to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. bodily cells and tissues. (verse 7-8)

#Objective of [[Rasayana]] therapy is to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''[[rasa]]'' etc. ''[[dhatu]]s'' i.e. bodily cells and tissues. (verse 7-8)

#Objective of ''vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is to produce healthy progeny, and enhance libido with satisfactory sexual life. It can even help to arrest genetic disorders.

#Objective of ''[[vajikarana]]'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is to produce healthy progeny, and enhance libido with satisfactory sexual life. It can even help to arrest genetic disorders.

#Indoor residence of person in specific ''kutipraveshika'' method endows extraordinary benefits.  

#Indoor residence of person in specific ''kutipraveshika'' method endows extraordinary benefits.  

#[[Rasayana]] may be in the form of specific single drugs or compound preparations of drugs, in the form of specific diet, specific regimen and activities or in the form of a specific good conduct.

#[[Rasayana]] may be in the form of specific single drugs or compound preparations of drugs, in the form of specific diet, specific regimen and activities or in the form of a specific good conduct.

#''Vajikarana'' improves the quality of ''shukra'' and thereby improves ''oja''. ''Shukra'' is not just semen but its effects can be observed allover body and on mind, in the form of genesis of new ''dhatu'' (important body constituents) , promoting proper growth and development of existing ''dhatu'', by helping to maintain mental health etc. as described in [[Vajikarana]], the second chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]].   

#''[[Vajikarana]]'' improves the quality of ''[[shukra]]'' and thereby improves ''[[oja]]''. ''[[Shukra]]'' is not just semen but its effects can be observed allover body and on mind, in the form of genesis of new ''[[dhatu]]'' (important body constituents) , promoting proper growth and development of existing ''[[dhatu]]'', by helping to maintain mental health etc. as described in [[Vajikarana]], the second chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]].   

#By adopting proper lifestyle and by using appropriate [[Rasayana]], it is not only possible to regain freedom from diseases, but it is also possible to maintain and even positively promote health. For this, [[Rasayana]] is very much important in the present era.  

#By adopting proper lifestyle and by using appropriate [[Rasayana]], it is not only possible to regain freedom from diseases, but it is also possible to maintain and even positively promote health. For this, [[Rasayana]] is very much important in the present era.  

#Prior body purification is necessary before administration of [[Rasayana]] treatment.

#Prior body purification is necessary before administration of [[Rasayana]] treatment.

=== Different levels of treatment ===

=== Different levels of treatment ===

According to [[Ayurveda]], the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''mahabhootas''), ''indriya'' (the sensory faculty), ''sattva'' or ''mana'' (mind) and ''atma'' (the soul).  On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, [[Ayurveda]] describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, [[Rasayana]] is given.

According to [[Ayurveda]], the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''[[mahabhuta]]s''), ''[[indriya]]'' (the sensory faculty), ''[[sattva]]'' or ''[[manas]]'' (mind) and ''[[atma]]'' (the soul).  On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, [[Ayurveda]] describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, [[Rasayana]] is given.

=== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ===

=== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ===

At the beginning of the chapter, various aspects of treatment are explained by using various synonyms. ''Chikitsita'' are means for curing disease. ''Pathya'' means specific wholesome diet and regimens which will help to cure disease, it also means that which maintains normalcy of ''srotas'' (channels for transportation and transformation of nutrients in the destined body constituent). ''Sadhana'' means various instruments and procedures helpful for successful treatment. ''Aushadha'' are medicines obtained from herbs. ''Prayashchitta'' means the redressal for diseases originating from previous deeds of the person. ''Prashamana'' is that which leads to complete cure. ''Prakriti'' (specific constitution of a person) makes him prone for certain diseases. ''Prakritisthapana'' helps to protect a person from them by maintaining balance of all three ''doshas''. ''Hita'' is that which helps to make ''dhatus'' stable and protect them from diseases. (verse 3)

At the beginning of the chapter, various aspects of treatment are explained by using various synonyms. ''Chikitsita'' are means for curing disease. ''Pathya'' means specific wholesome diet and regimens which will help to cure disease, it also means that which maintains normalcy of [[srotas]] (channels for transportation and transformation of nutrients in the destined body constituent). ''Sadhana'' means various instruments and procedures helpful for successful treatment. [[Aushadha]] are medicines obtained from herbs. ''Prayashchitta'' means the redressal for diseases originating from previous deeds of the person. ''Prashamana'' is that which leads to complete cure. [[Prakriti]] (specific constitution of a person) makes him prone for certain diseases. ''Prakritisthapana'' helps to protect a person from them by maintaining balance of all three ''doshas''. ''Hita'' is that which helps to make ''dhatus'' stable and protect them from diseases. (verse 3)

=== Benefits of [[Rasayana]] ===

=== Benefits of [[Rasayana]] ===

[[Rasayana]] produces best quality of ''dhatus'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using [[Rasayana]] include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and  immunity) are obtained by [[Rasayana]]. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.  

[[Rasayana]] produces best quality of ''[[dhatu]]s'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using [[Rasayana]] include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and  immunity) are obtained by [[Rasayana]]. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.  

''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of [[Rasayana]], the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)

''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of [[Rasayana]], the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)

=== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' (verse 9-12) ===

=== Benefits of ''[[Vajikarana]]'' (verse 9-12) ===

#''Apatyasantanakara''- Not only the person using vajeekarana will have progeny, but even his further generations also won’t have infertility, so effects of vajeekarana are capable of making genetic changes

#''Apatyasantanakara''- Not only the person using [[vajeekarana]] will have progeny, but even his further generations also won’t have infertility, so effects of [[vajeekarana]] are capable of making genetic changes

#''Sadya Sampraharshana''- produces erection instantly

#''Sadya Sampraharshana''- produces erection instantly

#Develops sexual potency (like a horse, horse being symbol of best qualities of semen and sexual potency)

#Develops sexual potency (like a horse, horse being symbol of best qualities of semen and sexual potency)

#Enhances beauty, personality  and capacity to attract opposite sex

#Enhances beauty, personality  and capacity to attract opposite sex

#Nourishes the body

#Nourishes the body

#Even after indulging in sexual activities, ''shukra'' is still properly produced

#Even after indulging in sexual activities, ''[[shukra]]'' is still properly produced

#Not only quantitative increase, qualities of ''shukra'' improve, fertility is produced

#Not only quantitative increase, qualities of ''[[shukra]]'' improve, fertility is produced

#Like banyan tree, gets surrounded by good progeny

#Like banyan tree, gets surrounded by good progeny

#Earns respect and honour in society

#Earns respect and honour in society

==== ''Brahma Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Brahma Rasayana'' ====

This [[Rasayana]] is prepared with  thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this [[Rasayana]], apart from general benefits of [[Rasayana]], is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this [[Rasayana]], are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated malas from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''sattva guna'' increases.  

This [[Rasayana]] is prepared with  thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this [[Rasayana]], apart from general benefits of [[Rasayana]], is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this [[Rasayana]], are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated [[mala]]s from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''[[sattva]] [[guna]]'' increases.  

While the second brahma [[Rasayana]] is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.

While the second brahma [[Rasayana]] is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.

==== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' ====

This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''kapha'' dominant conditions, or where ''kapha'' obstructs movements of ''vata''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent [[Rasayana]] for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as [[Rasayana]] .

This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''[[kapha]]'' dominant conditions, or where ''[[kapha]]'' obstructs movements of ''[[vata]]''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent [[Rasayana]] for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as [[Rasayana]] .

Although ''bhallataka'' is very potent, it can result in unwanted effects, when improperly used. Therefore, the precautions to be taken while using it, are mentioned in the text.

Although ''bhallataka'' is very potent, it can result in unwanted effects, when improperly used. Therefore, the precautions to be taken while using it, are mentioned in the text.

=== [[Rasayana]] in the third ''pada'' ===

=== [[Rasayana]] in the third ''pada'' ===

The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first [[Rasayana]] mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 [[Rasayana]] are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this [[Rasayana]] include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''Prithvi Mahabhuta'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''asthi'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .

The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first [[Rasayana]] mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 [[Rasayana]] are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this [[Rasayana]] include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''[[Prithvi Mahabhuta]]'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''[[asthi]]'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

These four [[Rasayana]] enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''vata-pitta'' and maintains normal ''kapha''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''dhatus'' and ultimately increases ''shukra'' and ''oja''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''indriya, mana'' and ''buddhi'' are mediated through ''oja''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''pitta''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''vata''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''majja''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''doshas'', controls tama and increases ''sattva''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific [[Rasayana]] is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.<ref>Ray S, Ray A (2015) Medhya Rasayanas in Brain Function and Disease. Med chem 5:505-511. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309</ref>

These four [[Rasayana]] enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''[[vata]]-[[pitta]]'' and maintains normal ''[[kapha]]''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''[[sattva]]'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''[[dhatu]]s'' and ultimately increases ''[[shukra]]'' and ''[[ojas]]''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''[[indriya]], [[mana]]'' and ''[[buddhi]]'' are mediated through ''[[ojas]]''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''[[pitta]]''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''[[sattva]]''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''[[vata]]''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''[[sattva]]''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''[[majja dhatu]]''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''[[dosha]]s'', controls tama and increases ''[[sattva]]''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific [[Rasayana]] is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.<ref>Ray S, Ray A (2015) Medhya Rasayanas in Brain Function and Disease. Med chem 5:505-511. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309</ref>

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in [[Ayurveda]]. Its an important [[Rasayana]] also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''.  By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''vata''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''mala'' and ''doshas'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''dhatus''. It also controls ''meda'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''dhatus'', because abnormally increased ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus'' and produces imbalance.

''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in [[Ayurveda]]. Its an important [[Rasayana]] also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''[[kapha]]'' and ''[[pitta]]''.  By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''[[vata]]''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''[[mala]]'' and ''[[dosha]]s'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''[[dhatu]]s''. It also controls ''[[meda]]'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''[[dhatu]]s'', because abnormally increased ''[[meda]]'' blocks nutrition of other ''[[dhatu]]s'' and produces imbalance.

==== ''Shilajatu'' ====

==== ''Shilajatu'' ====

Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''kapha''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''vata''. It controls formation of ''meda''. Abnormal ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''dhatus''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''dhatus'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''dhatus'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''dhatus, shiljatu'' is not the [[Rasayana]] of choice.  

Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''[[kapha]]''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''[[vata]]''. It controls formation of ''[[meda]]''. Abnormal ''[[meda]]'' blocks nutrition of other ''[[dhatu]]s''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''[[dhatu]]s''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''[[dhatu]]s'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''[[dhatu]]s'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''[[dhatu]]s, shiljatu'' is not the [[Rasayana]] of choice.  

The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of [[Rasayana]] told by Indra and about ''soma'' as [[Rasayana]].

The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of [[Rasayana]] told by Indra and about ''soma'' as [[Rasayana]].

#''Rasayana Tantra'' is one of the Eight important branches of ''Astanga [[Ayurveda]]''. It deals with an important category of medicinal and non-medicinal rejuvenative remedies advocated for promotive and preventive health care including retarding aging and promoting longevity. These remedies are claimed to improve the quality of cells and tissues (even the genes) of the body through following mechanisms:

#''Rasayana Tantra'' is one of the Eight important branches of ''Astanga [[Ayurveda]]''. It deals with an important category of medicinal and non-medicinal rejuvenative remedies advocated for promotive and preventive health care including retarding aging and promoting longevity. These remedies are claimed to improve the quality of cells and tissues (even the genes) of the body through following mechanisms:

##Direct nutrient effects, acting at the level of ''rasa''

##Direct nutrient effects, acting at the level of ''[[rasa]]''

##Digestive and metabolic booster effect, acting at the level of ''agni''

##Digestive and metabolic booster effect, acting at the level of ''agni''

##Promoting micro circulation and tissue perfusion, at the level of ''srotas''

##Promoting micro circulation and tissue perfusion, at the level of ''srotas''

#Diana I Lurie, [[Ayurveda]] and Pharmacogenomics, Guest Editorial Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine ¼:126-128. 2012

#Diana I Lurie, [[Ayurveda]] and Pharmacogenomics, Guest Editorial Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine ¼:126-128. 2012

#Dwivedi,KK and Singh,RH. A study on the psychiatric symptomsin in geriatric patients and response of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy. Ph.D. thesis, Kayacikitsa, BHU1997.

#Dwivedi,KK and Singh,RH. A study on the psychiatric symptomsin in geriatric patients and response of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy. Ph.D. thesis, Kayacikitsa, BHU1997.

#Ghodke, Y., Joshi, K and Patwardhan, B. Traditional medicine to modern pharmacogenomics [[Ayurveda]] Prakriti types and CYP2C19 Gene polymorphism associated with the metabolic variability. Evidence based Complementary Alternative Medicine, P 249528, 2011

#Ghodke, Y., Joshi, K and Patwardhan, B. Traditional medicine to modern pharmacogenomics [[Ayurveda]] [[Prakriti]] types and CYP2C19 Gene polymorphism associated with the metabolic variability. Evidence based Complementary Alternative Medicine, P 249528, 2011

#Juyal, RC et al. Potential of Ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: leads from a pilot study on Rheumatoid arthritis. PLoSONE.2012,7/9;Pc45752

#Juyal, RC et al. Potential of Ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: leads from a pilot study on Rheumatoid arthritis. PLoSONE.2012,7/9;Pc45752

#Jayprakash et al. Neuroprotective role of Withania somnifera root extract in mouse model of Parkinsonism. Neurochem. Res.Feb.27,2013

#Jayprakash et al. Neuroprotective role of Withania somnifera root extract in mouse model of Parkinsonism. Neurochem. Res.Feb.27,2013

#Singh, RH. The holistic principles of Ayurvedic medicine. Choukhamba surbharati prakashan, Varanasi/ Delhi 1995

#Singh, RH. The holistic principles of Ayurvedic medicine. Choukhamba surbharati prakashan, Varanasi/ Delhi 1995

#Udupa, KN and Singh, RH. Science and philosophy of Indian medicine. Baidyanath [[Ayurveda]] bhawan  Nagpur, India  1980

#Udupa, KN and Singh, RH. Science and philosophy of Indian medicine. Baidyanath [[Ayurveda]] bhawan  Nagpur, India  1980

== References ==

== References ==