Difference between revisions of "Rasayana"

Contributors
Section/Chapter	Chikitsa / Rasayana
Authors	Deole Y.S.,Aneesh E.G.
Reviewed by	Basisht G.
Affiliations	Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I..T.R.A., Jamnagar
Correspondence email:	carakasamhita@gmail.com
Date of publication	May 13, 2021
DOI	Awaited

Revision as of 12:41, 24 September 2021

The term ‘Rasayana’ means elixir or a medicine to prevent old age and prolong life.^[1] It is one of the eight specialties of Ayurveda that aims to preserve health. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 30/28] It aims at proper nourishment and transportation of nutritive fluid (rasa), blood (rakta) etc. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 1/7]^[2] The primary objectives of knowledge of life (Ayurveda) are preserving health and preventing diseases. Rasayana treatments are important in the preservation of health, prevention of diseases, speedy recovery and rehabilitation from disease conditions. In current practices, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, anabolic, nutraceuticals, anti-ageing therapies are considered forms of rasayana therapy. Ayurveda advises body purification before administration of rasayana therapy to achieve optimum benefits.

Importance

Benefits of rasayana therapy in the preservation of health and prevention

Rasayana therapy provides longevity, good memory, intellect, proper health and youthfulness. It also provides excellent luster, complexion and voice. The strength of body and sense organs is increased. Perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance are also achieved by rasayana therapy. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/7-8] This therapy relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation. It restores dosha balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles and kindles internal digestion. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/3] The person can achieve blissful health. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/78-80]

Thus rasayana therapy can promote health and prevent diseases of mind and body. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/3]^[2] It is indicated to prevent recurrence of disease by restoring equilibrium of body constituents. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 7/48-49]

Importance in management of disease

Rasayana therapy is helpful in the management of diseases. It promotes the defense mechanism of body. The rasayana medicines with specific actions of affected tissues and organs are indicted in managing respective diseases. This article describes the concept and practices of rasayana therapy in detail.

Etymology and derivation

The Sanskrit term Rasayana is a combination of two terms. Rasa means the best or finest part or constituent fluid or essential juice of body.^[3] Ayana means going, circulating etc.^[4] Thus, Rasayana means the best constituent fluid circulating in the body.

Definition

Rasayana is the treatment that delays the ageing process, increases life span, memory, strength and is capable of pacifying diseases. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 1/15]^[2] It is aimed to achieve optimum quality of body constituents (dhatu). [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/8]

Classification

Based on the method of administration:

Indoor admission regimen (kutipraveshika)
Outdoor regimen (vataatapika)

1. Indoor admission regimen (kutipraveshika): The rasayana therapy is administered in a specially constructed chamber (kuti). The person is isolated in the chamber. Strict regulations in diet, mental and physical activities are prescribed with a suitably controlled atmosphere.[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/17-23] The therapy is wholly focused on physical, mental and spiritual upliftment of the person avoiding all external factors that can affect health. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana1/3/8]

2. Outdoor regimen (vataatapika): In this type, the rasayana therapy is administered in the outdoor regimen. The person is exposed to the external atmosphere (vata) and sunlight (atapa). The person can live everyday social life with rasayana therapy. The restrictions are comparatively less.

In terms of efficacy, the indoor regimen (kutipraveshika) is superior to the outdoor regimen (vataatapika). [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana1/4/28]

Classification based on effect:

1. Kamya rasayana: It is aimed to attain desirable specific benefits such as long life, great intelligence, wealth etc.

2. Naimittika Rasayana: It is a therapy aimed to treat specific diseases.

3. Ajasrikam: This therapy is advised to follow daily, and the person is habituated to the substance. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/2]^[2]

Classification based on treatment principle:

1. Attaining rasayana effect through purification therapies (samshodhana)

2. Attaining rasayana effect by pacifying the aggravated dosha or disease (samshamana) [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/2]^[2]

Indications

Rasayana therapy is aimed at the preservation and promotion of health. Hence, a healthy person can follow rasayana therapy. It should be started from young or middle age to preserve optimum quality of body tissues. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/3]^[2] The indoor admission regimen of rasayana therapy (kutipraveshika) is advised to fit, disease free, wise, self-controlled, leisurely and can afford treatment. The outdoor method (vataatapika rasayana therapy) can be done in all persons.[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/4/27-28]

The disease-specific rasayana, tissue-specific rasayana and organ-specific rasayana are administered to improve health based on underlying disease pathogenesis.

Rasayana treatment is indicated in the management of various diseases to strengthen the defense mechanism and prevent disease recurrence. Bacopa monnieri (brahmi), which promotes intellectual functions (medhya rasayana), is prescribed to treat mental disorders.[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/62] In chronic epilepsy, if the conventional treatments are not yielding results, rasayana therapy should be used. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/65] Rasayana treatment is advised in the management of cardiac disorders caused by kapha [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/99], impotency and other reproductive fluid-related disorders [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/149-50] [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/193]. It is also used in the treatment of Alopacea areata (indralupta) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/25]^[2] and diseases of ear. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 21/3]^[2]

Contraindications

The efficacy of rasayana therapy largely depends on the person’s ability to control his body and mind. Therefore, rejuvenation therapy is contraindicated for those who have addictions like alcohol and smoking; and those who can’t follow the physician’s advice.[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/4]^[2]

Prerequisite for rejuvenation therapy (rasayana)

Body purification therapy is indicated before rasayana therapy. This treatment is intended to remove toxins and prepare the body for accepting the rasayana formulations for rejuvenation. A specific bowel cleansing formulation made from Terminalia chebula (haritaki), rock salt, Phyllanthus emblica (amalaki), jaggery, Acorus calamus (vacha), Embelia ribes (vidanga), Curcuma longa (haridra), long pepper, and dry ginger are prescribed. After the proper evacuation of bowels, the person shall take gruel prepared with barley for three to seven days. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/25-28] After this procedure, suitable rasayana formulations can be administered. The desired benefits cannot be obtained without proper purification of body and mind. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/4/38]

Food with rasayana effect

Milk [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/218], ghee.[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/4/32] Daily intake of milk and ghee is the best food for attaining rasayana effect. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 25/40], [A.S.Sutra Sthana 13/2]^[5]

Table 1: Dhatu specific rasayana herbs
Body tissues (dhatus)	Rasayana herbs^[6]
Nourishing fluid (rasa dhatu)	Tinospora cordifolia
Blood (rakta dhatu)	Piper longum
Muscles (mamsa dhatu)	Asparagus racemosus
Adipose tissue (meda dhatu)	Terminalia chebula
Bones (asthi dhatu)	Commifora mukul
Marrow and nerves (majja dhatu)	Bacopa monnirei
Reproductive elements, Sperm, Ovum (shukra dhatu)	Withania somnifera

Herbs promoting intellect and memory functions (medhya rasayana)

1. Juice of Centella asiatica (mandukaparni)

2.Juice of Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) with its root and flower

3. Powder of Glycyrrhiza glabra with milk

4. Paste of Convolvulus prostrates (shankhapushpi)

These herbs promote intellectual and memory functions. These rasayana herbs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, agni, complexion, voice. They promote intellectual functions. Shankhapushpi is known explicitly for promoting intellectual functions.[Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/3/30-31]]

Herbs with rasayana effect

The following herbs have rasayana effect.

Sida cordifolia (bala), Sida rhombifolia (atibala), Sida cordata (nagabala), Santalum album (chandana), Aquilaria malaccensis (aguru), Anogeisus latifolia (dhava), Desmodium oojeinense (tinisha), Acacia catechu (khadira), Dalbergia sissoo (shimshapa) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/11-12], Semecarpus anacardium (bhallataka) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/16], Terminalia chebula (haritaki) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 44/63]^[2], rainwater [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 45/26]^[2],Gmelina arborea (kashmarya fruit) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/184]^[2],Dioscorea bulbifera (varahikanda) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/309]^[2],Solanum americanum (kakamachi) [A.S.Sutra Sthana 7/103]^[5], Allium sativum (lasuna) [A.S.Sutra Sthana 7/149]^[5], Asphaltum punjabianum (shilajatu) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/3/49], Piper longum (pippali) [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/3/32-35] etc.

Regimens and mental factors with rasayana effect

Being truthful, free from anger, calm, soft-spoken, relaxed, loving and compassionate; practicing meditation, brahmacharya, cleanliness, and proper sleep achieves the benefits similar to rejuvenating therapy. This ideal code of conduct and behavior is known as ‘achara rasayana’. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/4/30-35] These practices significantly influence psychological and spiritual wellbeing.

Contemporary views and current researches

Contemporary medical terms to indicate rasayana activities and their Ayurvedic view

Antioxidant

Antioxidant substance prevent free radical generation and scavenge them. Antioxidants are defined as 'substances whose presence in relatively low concentrations significantly inhibits the rate of oxidation of targets'. These are mainly cellular enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase. These are capable of inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging the free radicals. This antioxidant defense system is basically of two types.

(i) Primary defense and (ii) Secondary defense

Primary defense:

(1) Antioxidant nutrients: Antioxidant defenses rely heavily on vitamins and minerals from the diet. These include beta carotene (precursor of Vit. A), Vitamin E (- tocopherol), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), selenium, zinc, manganese and copper.

(2) Antioxidant scavenging enzymes: This include Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Heme peroxidases and Glutathione peroxidase.

Secondary Defense:

This includes small molecules- the ‘Scavengers’, that react with radicals to produce another radical compound. When these scavengers produce a lesser harmful radical species, they are called 'antioxidants'. The-tocopherol, ascorbate and reduced glutathione (GSH) may act in combination to act as cellular antioxidants. The -tocopherol, present in the cell membrane and plasma lipoproteins acts as a chain-breaking antioxidant.

From Ayurveda perspectives, this anti-oxidant system seems to be regulated by body constituents like the optimum quality of Rasa dhatu, Kapha dosha and Ojas. Rasayana therapy works to improve the quality of these three components. ^[7]

Rasayana as anti-oxidants:

Effect of rasayana therapy is assessed by its capacity to manage oxidative stress and prevent cellular damage. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed as a result of metabolism. They are highly reactive and can cause greater damage. Excessive accumulation initiates cellular damage and diseases. The anti-oxidants scavenge these free radicals and ROS, and make them harmless. ^[8] Malondialdehyde (MDA) is also a highly reactive compound and is considered as a marker for oxidative stress. These free radicals are neutralized usually by the antioxidant enzymes like Super oxide dismutase (SOD). In a study on 30 healthy individuals, Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) showed a significant increase in the levels of SOD and a decrease in MDA levels. ^[9]

Devasagayam’s group at Bhabha Atomic Research Center studied the mechanism of actions of ayurvedic anti-oxidants. They reported that ayurvedic herbs can show anti-oxidant activity at different levels.

Level 1: Suppression of radical formation

Level 2: Scavenging of primary radicals

Level 3: Scavenging of secondary radicals

Level 4: Reconstitution of membranes

Level 5: Repair of damage.

Tinopsora is reported to work as anti-oxidant by suppressing the free radical formation, and reconstituting cell membrane and repair damage. Emblica is reported to work as anti-oxidant at all the five levels viz. suppress free radical formation, break chain initiation, break chain propagation, reconstitute membrane and repair damage. ^[10]

Adaptogenic activitiy

Adaptogenic substances are defined as "substances meant to put the organism into a state of nonspecific heightened resistance in order to resist stresses and adapt to extraordinary challenges". In ayurvedic perspectives, the adaptogenic activity can be due to stable (sthira), heavy (guru) and cold (sheeta) potency. These qualities lead to stability, increased endurance and can slow the responses. Kapha dosha possesses all the three qualities, while vata dosha shows the contrary characteristics. Adaptogens can be a drug with pro-kapha and vata stabilizer activity. ^[7] The substances that have similar properties can be used as rasayana with adaptogenic activities.

Nutraceutical effect

Rasayana therapy can promote digestion at the microcellular level and promote microcirculation. The rasayana herbs are rich in micronutrients. They provide optimal nutrition to the body tissues (dhatus). They can prevent ageing. ^[8] Rasayana herbs have shown tissue and disease specific immunomodulatory action and also help to promote or restore functional immunity. It may also help to develop a micro environment in which a cell or tissue can grow smoothly. ^[11]

Immunomodulatory

Rasayana therapy can improve immune response through immunomodulatory activity. Immune stimulants bring about a heightened resistance through the stimulation of non-specific defensive processes, largely independent of antigens. In ayurveda, immunity is dependent on status of ojas, kapha dosha and quality of rasa dhatu. Therefore, a rasayana herb that can improve rasa, kapha and ojas can act as an immunomodulator. Phyllanthus emblica (amalaki) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) are proven for their immunomodulatory activity. ^[7]

Nootropics (cognition enhancers)

The medhya rasayana herbs promoting intellectual and memory functions can act as nootropics. These can improve the higher integrative brain functions, such as memory, learning, understanding, thinking, and concentration capacity. It is assumed that nootropics stimulate existing neural synapses to optimum performance (adaptive capacity). This reduces damaging influences, such as disturbances of the energy and neurotransmitter metabolism or ischemia (protective capacity). ^[12] The rasayana diet, herbs and regimen that influence intellect (dhi), restraint (dhriti) and memory (smriti) are nootropics. This again indicate the vata-pitta stabilizer and pro-kapha profile of the rasayana. ^[7] Rasayana drugs might act at the level of stem cells also. When the stem cell is treated with medhya rasayana drugs, nestin is an early marker of neuronal stem cell differentiation. ^[6]

Anabolics

These substances, activate anabolism. They promote growth by synthesis of nucleic acids and protein metabolism. The rasayna herbs listed in vitalizer (jeevaniya), anti-aging (vayasthapana) category can promote strength (balya), bulk (pushti) and nourishment (brimhana).

Researches on specific rasayana

Amalaki rasayana

In a study conducted on 116 healthy males, administration of 45gms of amalaki rasayana daily for 45 days showed significant increase in telomerase activity. This study also reports no change in telomere length within 90 days of administration of amalaki rasayana. Cellular senescence induced by lack of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres is one of the postulated theories of ageing. ^[13]

DNA damage is also considered as an indicator of ageing. In another study conducted on Wister rats fed with amalaki rasyana, the DNA damage in neurons and astrocytes of the brain is found significantly less than that of control animals. ^[14]So amalaki rasayana is able to delay the onset of ageing process.

Study on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) fed with amalaki rasayana shows an increase in median life span, fecundity, thermotolerance, starvation tolerance, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and faster development. The raised level of hnRNPs indicates a robust developmental gene expression. The improved thermotolerance may be due to the presence of abundant amounts of antioxidants in gooseberry (amalaki). ^[15] A 50% increase in lifespan is reported in a study where the Drosophila flies were treated with rasayana. The life span of flies treated with rasayana was 81-91 days while that of control group was 40-53 days. ^[16] A well-coordinated response to various cell stresses is required to maintain the homeostasis of the body. The inability of the body to respond to these stresses is one of the factors that bring ageing or age related debility. Study on Drosophila fly shows supplementation of amalaki rasayana improves the tolerance to various cell stresses. The oxidative stress tolerance was improved and remarkably reduced accumulation of ROS was reported. Reduced lipid peroxidation levels and improved SOD activity suggests lesser oxidative damage. This might be the cause for improved fecundity and life span. ^[17]

In a study conducted on 25 patients with iron deficiency anemia, amalaki rasayana is found to be effective in increasing the Hb%, RBC, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Transferrin saturation is found to be significantly increased. Symptoms like pallor, weakness, headache, fatigue, heaviness in body, anorexia and leg cramps were relieved significantly. Amalaki is a rich source of Ascorbic acid. Presence of Vit C in diet increases the absorption of nonheme iron up to six folds than normal. The antioxidant property of amalaki helps reduce the oxidative stress, which is one of the potent biochemical mechanisms involved in iron deficiency anemia. ^[18]

The immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effect of amalaki rasayana is reported in an experimental study. Rats treated with cyclophosphamide show 50% reduction in induced weight loss when treated with amalaki rasayana. It attenuated the weight loss observed in thymus, kidney and spleen. This suggests thymus stimulating and nephroprotective action of amalaki rasayana. Histopathological examination after administering amalaki rasayana reveals the reversal of hepatotoxicity produced by cyclophosphamide. Amalaki rasayana might have an action over various sets of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha, causing tissue degeneration. ^[19]

Brahma rasayana

Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activity of Brahma rasayana is reported along with improvement in learning and memory in mice. Significant reduction in Factor VIII, pro-angiogenic factors like VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2 suggests the possible anti-angiogenic property of Brahma rasayana. Mice treated with Brahma rasayana shows a significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations and micro nuclei when exposed to mutagens. An increased anti-oxidant and detoxification enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S transferase are also reported. It also shows excellent protection against sperm abnormalities along with an increase in sperm count. ^[20]

Ashwagandha

Adaptogenic and anti-stress properties of ashwagandha are reported in number of studies. It is effective in preventing stress induced ulcers in GIT, increases body weight and reduce leucocytosis. It has anti-tumor activity as it shows long term growth inhibition on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells carcinoma. In neurodegenerative diseases, it shows preventive and curative effect. It removes or restores the neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss and might be having GABA mimetic activity. Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ashwagandha are also reported. ^[21]

Brahmi

Bacapo monneri and Centella aceatica are potent free radical scavengers and have reducing power activity. Reactive nitrogen species plays an important role in many pathological conditions including cancer. Nitric oxide quenching capacity is also reported for Bacopa monneri and Centella aceatica. Lipid peroxidation protection activity is also reported for these two plants. This helps to prevent the nerve damage due to oxidative stress. ^[22]

Pippali rasayana

Administration of Pippali rasayana in escalating dose pattern shows significant reduction in pain, stiffness and swelling of joints in 73 patients having rheumatoid arthritis (amavata). The range of motion of joints was improved along with a significant reduction in ESR levels. ^[23]

Kushmanda

The skin renewal and anti-oxidant property of Benincasa hispida (kusmanda) used as a topical application is reported in an in-vitro study which points out the possibility of its use as a topical anti ageing preparation.^[24]

Rasayana formulation

A polyherbal compound, rasayanaghana (made from Tribulus terrestris, Tinospora cordifolia and Emblica officinalis), was studied for antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in experimental animals. The formulation showed mild anxiolytic activity, moderate significant anti-depressant activity comparable to Imipramine (standard antidepressant) and a significant increase in anti-oxidant activity at cellular level. It also showed significant gastro protective activity against forced swimming stress induced gastric ulcers. Tinospora cordifolia have a daptogenic and anti oxidant properties along with stress attenuating activity. The harmine content in Tribulus acts as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibiter leading to higher dopamine levels in brain, which elevates the mood.^[25] In clinical study, the treatment with rasayanaghanavati (RGT) showed 8.62% increase in the level of DHEAs in a span of two months. De hydro epi aldosterone decreases with age. The formulation also showed significant improvement in parameters of quality of life scale.^[7]

Bhrngarajadighrita rasayana

Bhringarajadighrita rasayana, a formulation which contains Eclipta alba, Sesamum orientale, Embelica officinalis, cow’s milk, ghee and sugar is found to be effective in reducing the general debility, graying of hairs, fatigue etc. associated with premature ageing.^[8]

Rasayana as an adjuvant to chemotherapy

In a study on 36 cancer patients, effect of a polyherbal rasayana formulation was studied as an adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The rasayana preparation was made from Emblica officinalis (amalaki), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi), Glycirrhiza glabra (yashtimadhu), Leptadenia reticulata (jivanti), Ocimum sanctum (tulasi) and Piper longum (pippali), in electuary form. It effectively reduces the symptoms like vomiting, mucocitis, fatigue, xerostomia, alopecia, and tastelessness than those treated without rasayana. The weight loss associated with the cancer treatment was comparatively less in patients treated with rasayana compound. Flavonoids present in these herbs, are potent anti oxidant and provide protection against H2O2 cytotoxicity, created by radiotherapy. It also helps in the termination of lipid peroxidation chain reaction which is formed as a result of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents.^[26]

Tuvaraka rasayana in psoriasis

Administration of tuvaraka rasayana (rasayana preparation made out of Hydnocarpus laurifolia) alternatively for 5 days in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris showed reduction in PASI score from 42 to 3.8. The rasayana was administered after purification procedures. Complete remission of the lesions making PASI score 0 was observed. The histopathological study also reveals the complete remission of psoriasis on follow-up.^[27]

Triphala rasayana

Pre-treatment of mice with rasayana drug, triphala (Haritaki, vibitaki and amalaki) extract for 7 days showed protection against paracetamol-induced renal and hepatic toxicity. Triphala inhibited the raise of serum enzyme markers like ASP, ALP, ALT, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid. Histopathological study reveals protection of liver cells, central vein, and portal vein and maintains the normality of liver tissues. Triphala might have controlled the free radical formation and thereby prevents cellular damage.^[28]

List of theses done

Srikanth T (2002). A critical study on the effect of rasayana on different age groups- “ poorvevayasimadhyeva”. Department of Basic Principles.IPGT&RA Jamnagar

Dodia Rajesh (2002): Clinical study on the aetio-pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (Sannipatika-pratishyaya) and role of rasayana in its management. Department of Roganidan and Vikritivigyan. IPGT&RA Jamnagar.
Ami T Kataraia (2003). A comparative clinical study of medhyarasayana and shayyamootahara yoga in the management of shayyamootra. Department of Kaumarabrithya. IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Parthiv Bhatt (2002): A comparative study of Rasayana therapy & shamana yoga in the management of Sheetapitta(urticaria). Department of Kayachikitsa. IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Dalvi Prachi (2002): Role of Virechana and Amalakyadi rasayana in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Rajesh Dodia (2002): Clinical study on the aetiopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (Sannipatika pratishyaya) and role of rasayana in its management. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Sejal Naik (2002): Study on the role of varahikanda rasayana in the management of akalaja-jara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Nakum Sudha K (2003): Comparative study of the role of Shamana (Rasayana) and Shodhana therapy in Vicharchika.Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Dhananjay Patel (2003): The role of manasika bhavas in the aetio-pathogenesis of uccha-rakta-cchapa (hypertension) & its management with medhyarasayana and shirodhara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Yadav Ramdev (2003): A clinical study on the Rasayana effect of Tuvaraka Taila Nasya in the management of Dushta-Pratishyaya. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Ahuja Harish (2004): A clinical study on the efficacy of Virechana and Medohara Rasayana in the management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Diabetes mellitus. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Purvi Vyas (2005): A clinical study on the role of gudoochyadi rasayana as a radio-protective and chemo-protective adjuvant in the management of carcinoma. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Basil Cardozo (2006): A clinical study on physo-somatic management of sukraavritavata (premature ejaculation) with rasayana yoga and shirodhara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Hetal Dave (2006): A comparative study on the role of medhyarasayana yoga and dasamoolakwatha dhara in the management of vatika shirashoola (tension headache). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Zankhana N Mankad (2007): Clinical study of role of rasayan as a pre, adjuvant and post treatment of chemotherapy in the management of carcinoma. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Devangi Shukla (2007): The role of manasika bhavas in akalajajara (ageing) and comparative study of its management with guduchyadi and bhringarajadi rasayana. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Somarathna KIWK (2009): Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Ranahansarasayana( A Srilankan classical drug) on HIV positive patients. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Nakul A Jethva (2011): A Clinical Study on the Effect of Virechana Karma and Amalaki Rasayana in the Management of Kshina Shukra w.s.r. to Oligozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Monika N Solanki (2018): Efficacy of Shayyamutrahara yoga and medhyarasayana in the management of shayyamutra (Enuresis) – An open labeled, randomized study. Department of Kaumara Bhritya, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
Chagole Akash Subhash (2016): Role of koshthasuddhi in augmenting effect of chandrashakaladivataka rasayana and chandamarutam W.S.R to Psoriasis. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA Jamnagar

More information

Rasayana Adhyaya

Abbreviations

Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, S. = Sangraha, Sa. = Samhita

List of References

The list of references for Rasayana in Charak Samhita can be seen here

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References

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↑ Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasayana, Page 870
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.
↑ Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasa, Page 869
↑ Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Ayana, Page 84
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Joshi KS, Bhonde R. Insights from Ayurveda for translational stem cell research. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014;5:4-10
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Deole Y.S. Thakar A.B. Chandola H.M. Ravishankar B.A Clinico Experimental Study On Role Of Stress In Premature Ageing And Its Management With Rasayana Yoga.Ph.D. thesis submitted to Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India. 2011.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Devangi N Oza, Ila Tanna, B Ravishankar, HM Chandola. Evaluation of Bhringarajadi Ghrita Rasayana in Premature Ageing. Ayu. 2009 Apr;30(2):109-20.
↑ Kuchewar VV, Borkar MA, Nisargandha MA. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rasayana drugs in healthy human volunteers. Ayu. 2014 Jan;35(1):46-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.141919. PMID: 25364199; PMCID: PMC4213967.
↑ Ashok D.B. Vaidya and Thomas P.A. Devasagayam; Current Status of Herbal Drugs in India: An Overview J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 41, July 2007, 1–11
↑ Sharma V, Chaudhary AK. Concepts of Dhatu Siddhanta (theory of tissues formation and differentiation) and Rasayana; probable predecessor of stem cell therapy. Ayu. 2014 Jul-Sep;35(3):231-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.153731. PMID: 26664231; PMCID: PMC4649578.
↑ Available from https://healthy.net/2000/12/06/drugs-with-adaptogenic-effects-for-strengthening-the-powers-of-resistance/ cited on 12/05/2021
↑ Guruprasad KP, Dash S, Shivakumar MB, Shetty PR, Raghu KS, Shamprasad BR, Udupi V, Acharya RV, Vidya PB, Nayak J, Mana AE, Moni R, Sankaran MT, Satyamoorthy K. Influence of Amalaki Rasayana on telomerase activity and telomere length in human blood mononuclear cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;8(2):105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28602428; PMCID: PMC5497001.
↑ Swain U, Sindhu KK, Boda U, Pothani S, Giridharan NV, et al. (2011) Studies on the molecular correlates of genomic stability in rat brain cells following Amalakirasayana therapy. Mech. Ageing Develop. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.mad.2011.10.006.
↑ Dwivedi V, Anandan EM, Mony RS, Muraleedharan TS, Valiathan MS, Mutsuddi M, Lakhotia SC. In vivo effects of traditional Ayurvedic formulations in Drosophila melanogaster model relate with therapeutic applications. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037113. Epub 2012 May 14. PMID: 22606337; PMCID: PMC3351451.
↑ Priyadarshini S, Ashadevi JS, Nagarjun V, Prasanna KS. Increase in Drosophila melanogaster longevity due to rasayana diet: Preliminary results. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Apr;1(2):114-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.65085. PMID: 21836798; PMCID: PMC3151378.
↑ Dwivedi V, Lakhotia SC. Ayurvedic Amalaki Rasayana promotes improved stress tolerance and thus has anti-aging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biosci. 2016 Dec;41(4):697-711. doi: 10.1007/s12038-016-9641-x. PMID: 27966490.
↑ Layeeq S, Thakar AB. Clinical efficacy of Amalaki Rasayana in the management of Pandu (Iron deficiency anemia). Ayu2015;36:290-7.
↑ Rajani J, Ashok BK, G, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Immunomodulatory activity of Āmalaki Rasāyana: An experimental evaluation. Ancient Sci Life 2012;32:93-8.
↑ Guruprasad KP, Mascarenhas R, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Studies on Brahma rasayana in male swiss albino mice: Chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Jan;1(1):40-4. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.59826. PMID: 21829300; PMCID: PMC3149391.
↑ Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-13. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Epub 2011 Jul 3. PMID: 22754076; PMCID: PMC3252722.
↑ Mukherjee S, Dugad S, Bhandare R, Pawar N, Jagtap S, Pawar PK, Kulkarni O. Evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Mandookparni (Centella asiatica). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):258-64. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92549. PMID: 22408313; PMCID: PMC3296351.
↑ Soni A, Patel K, Gupta SN. Clinical evaluation of Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):177-80. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92555. PMID: 22408298; PMCID: PMC3296336.
↑ Sabale V, Kunjwani H, Sabale P. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of the topical antiageing preparation of the fruit of Benincasa hispida. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011;2:124-8.
↑ Deole YS, Chavan SS, Ashok BK, Ravishankar B, Thakar AB, Chandola HM. Evaluation of anti-depressant and anxiolytic activity of Rasayana Ghana Tablet (A compound Ayurvedic formulation) in albino mice. Ayu. 2011 Jul;32(3):375-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.93918. PMID: 22529654; PMCID: PMC3326886.
↑ Vyas P, Thakar AB, Baghel MS, Sisodia A, Deole Y. Efficacy of Rasayana Avaleha as adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in reducing adverse effects. Ayu. 2010 Oct;31(4):417-23. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.82029. PMID: 22048532; PMCID: PMC3202271.
↑ Krishna Kumar K, Chacko J. Thuvaraka rasayana regimen in Psoriasis vulgaris - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):41-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.04.003. Epub 2019 Jan 1. PMID: 30606464; PMCID: PMC6470303.
↑ Singh DP, Mani D. Protective effect of Triphala Rasayana against paracetamol-induced hepato–renal toxicity in mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015;6:181-6.

[1] Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasayana, Page 870

[Susruta-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.

[3] Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasa, Page 869

[4] Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Ayana, Page 84

[Sangraha-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.

[joshiks-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Joshi KS, Bhonde R. Insights from Ayurveda for translational stem cell research. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014;5:4-10

[deoleys-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Deole Y.S. Thakar A.B. Chandola H.M. Ravishankar B.A Clinico Experimental Study On Role Of Stress In Premature Ageing And Its Management With Rasayana Yoga.Ph.D. thesis submitted to Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India. 2011.

[devangi-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Devangi N Oza, Ila Tanna, B Ravishankar, HM Chandola. Evaluation of Bhringarajadi Ghrita Rasayana in Premature Ageing. Ayu. 2009 Apr;30(2):109-20.

[kuchewar-9] Kuchewar VV, Borkar MA, Nisargandha MA. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rasayana drugs in healthy human volunteers. Ayu. 2014 Jan;35(1):46-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.141919. PMID: 25364199; PMCID: PMC4213967.

[ashokdb-10] Ashok D.B. Vaidya and Thomas P.A. Devasagayam; Current Status of Herbal Drugs in India: An Overview J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 41, July 2007, 1–11

[sharmav-11] Sharma V, Chaudhary AK. Concepts of Dhatu Siddhanta (theory of tissues formation and differentiation) and Rasayana; probable predecessor of stem cell therapy. Ayu. 2014 Jul-Sep;35(3):231-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.153731. PMID: 26664231; PMCID: PMC4649578.

[12] Available from https://healthy.net/2000/12/06/drugs-with-adaptogenic-effects-for-strengthening-the-powers-of-resistance/ cited on 12/05/2021

[gurukp-13] Guruprasad KP, Dash S, Shivakumar MB, Shetty PR, Raghu KS, Shamprasad BR, Udupi V, Acharya RV, Vidya PB, Nayak J, Mana AE, Moni R, Sankaran MT, Satyamoorthy K. Influence of Amalaki Rasayana on telomerase activity and telomere length in human blood mononuclear cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;8(2):105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28602428; PMCID: PMC5497001.

[swainu-14] Swain U, Sindhu KK, Boda U, Pothani S, Giridharan NV, et al. (2011) Studies on the molecular correlates of genomic stability in rat brain cells following Amalakirasayana therapy. Mech. Ageing Develop. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.mad.2011.10.006.

[dwivediv-15] Dwivedi V, Anandan EM, Mony RS, Muraleedharan TS, Valiathan MS, Mutsuddi M, Lakhotia SC. In vivo effects of traditional Ayurvedic formulations in Drosophila melanogaster model relate with therapeutic applications. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037113. Epub 2012 May 14. PMID: 22606337; PMCID: PMC3351451.

[priyas-16] Priyadarshini S, Ashadevi JS, Nagarjun V, Prasanna KS. Increase in Drosophila melanogaster longevity due to rasayana diet: Preliminary results. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Apr;1(2):114-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.65085. PMID: 21836798; PMCID: PMC3151378.

[dwivediLakho-17] Dwivedi V, Lakhotia SC. Ayurvedic Amalaki Rasayana promotes improved stress tolerance and thus has anti-aging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biosci. 2016 Dec;41(4):697-711. doi: 10.1007/s12038-016-9641-x. PMID: 27966490.

[Layeeq-18] Layeeq S, Thakar AB. Clinical efficacy of Amalaki Rasayana in the management of Pandu (Iron deficiency anemia). Ayu2015;36:290-7.

[rajanij-19] Rajani J, Ashok BK, G, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Immunomodulatory activity of Āmalaki Rasāyana: An experimental evaluation. Ancient Sci Life 2012;32:93-8.

[gurumascare-20] Guruprasad KP, Mascarenhas R, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Studies on Brahma rasayana in male swiss albino mice: Chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Jan;1(1):40-4. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.59826. PMID: 21829300; PMCID: PMC3149391.

[singhbhalla-21] Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-13. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Epub 2011 Jul 3. PMID: 22754076; PMCID: PMC3252722.

[mukherjee-22] Mukherjee S, Dugad S, Bhandare R, Pawar N, Jagtap S, Pawar PK, Kulkarni O. Evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Mandookparni (Centella asiatica). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):258-64. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92549. PMID: 22408313; PMCID: PMC3296351.

[sonia-23] Soni A, Patel K, Gupta SN. Clinical evaluation of Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):177-80. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92555. PMID: 22408298; PMCID: PMC3296336.

[sabale-24] Sabale V, Kunjwani H, Sabale P. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of the topical antiageing preparation of the fruit of Benincasa hispida. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011;2:124-8.

[deolechavan-25] Deole YS, Chavan SS, Ashok BK, Ravishankar B, Thakar AB, Chandola HM. Evaluation of anti-depressant and anxiolytic activity of Rasayana Ghana Tablet (A compound Ayurvedic formulation) in albino mice. Ayu. 2011 Jul;32(3):375-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.93918. PMID: 22529654; PMCID: PMC3326886.

[vyasp-26] Vyas P, Thakar AB, Baghel MS, Sisodia A, Deole Y. Efficacy of Rasayana Avaleha as adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in reducing adverse effects. Ayu. 2010 Oct;31(4):417-23. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.82029. PMID: 22048532; PMCID: PMC3202271.

[krishnakumar-27] Krishna Kumar K, Chacko J. Thuvaraka rasayana regimen in Psoriasis vulgaris - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):41-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.04.003. Epub 2019 Jan 1. PMID: 30606464; PMCID: PMC6470303.

[28] Singh DP, Mani D. Protective effect of Triphala Rasayana against paracetamol-induced hepato–renal toxicity in mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015;6:181-6.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{#seo:
+|title=Rasayana
+|titlemode=append
+|keywords=carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurveda, Rasayana, rejuvenation therapy, Rasayana meaning, Rasayana therapy,  Indian systems of medicine, natural medicine, anti ageing therapy, longevitiy, improving lifespan
+|description=Rasayana is a therapy which includes medicines that rejuvenates the body
+|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
+|image_alt=carak samhita
+|type=article
+}}
+The term ‘Rasayana’ means elixir or a medicine to prevent old age and prolong life.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasayana, Page 870</ref> It is one of the eight specialties of Ayurveda that aims to preserve health. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 30/28] It aims at proper nourishment and transportation of nutritive fluid ([[rasa]]), blood ([[rakta]]) etc. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 1/7]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>  The primary objectives of knowledge of life (Ayurveda) are preserving health and preventing diseases. Rasayana treatments are important in the preservation of health, prevention of diseases, speedy recovery and rehabilitation from disease conditions. In current practices, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, anabolic, nutraceuticals, anti-ageing therapies are considered forms of rasayana therapy. Ayurveda advises body purification before administration of rasayana therapy to achieve optimum benefits.
 {{Infobox
-|title = Rasayana Chikitsa
-|label1 = Section/Chapter
-|data1 = [[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1
-|label2 = Preceding Chapter
-|data2 = None
-|label3= Succeeding Chapter
+|title =  Contributors
-|data3 = [[Vajikarana]]
-|label5 = Other Sections
-|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
-|header3 =
+|label1 = Section/Chapter
+|data1 = [[Chikitsa]] / [[Rasayana]]
-}}
+|label2 = Authors
+|data2 =Deole Y.S.,Aneesh E.G.
-==[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1, Chapter on the specialization of Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy) ==
+|label3 = Reviewed by
+|data3 = Basisht G.
-=== Abstract ===
+|label4 = Affiliations
+|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I..T.R.A., Jamnagar
-<div style="text-align:justify;">[[Rasayana]], the first chapter of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deals with one of the most important specialties of ''Ashtanga'' (eight branches)Ayurveda, namely, ''Rasayana Tantra''. [[Rasayana]] essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The ''rasayanas'' are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a ''rasayana'' food, or a positive healthy life style with a ''rasayana'' effect or a ''rasayana'' drug or all the three together. The ''rasayana'' remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This chapter is divided in four ''padas'' (parts) dealing with different aspects of ''rasayana'' therapy.
+|label5 = Correspondence email:
+|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com
-The four ''padas'' are named as:
+|label6 = Date of publication
-#''Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada''
+|data6 = May 13, 2021
-#''Pranakamiya Rasayana Pada''
+|label7 = DOI
-#''Karaprachitiya Rasayana Pada''
+|data7 =  Awaited
-#''Ayurveda Samutthaniya Rasayana Pada''.
+}}
+<div style='text-align:justify;'>
-'''Keywords''':''Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva,'' Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa''.
-=== Introduction ===
-The Ayurvedic classics, including [[Charaka Samhita]], describe eight specialties of Ayurveda which were in vogue and practiced during the vedic period denoting that Ayurveda was already a highly evolved system of medicine with professional specialization. This is why Ayurveda is also called ''Ashtanga Ayurveda'' and its eight ''angas'' (or arms) are as mentioned below:
-#''Kayachikitsa''   -   Internal medicine
-#''Shalya tantra''  -  Surgery
-#''Shalakya tantra''  -  Ophthalmology, Ear Nose Throat
-#''Kaumarabhritya''  -  Gynecology. obstetrics and Pediatrics
-#''Agada tantra''  -  Toxicology
-#''Rasayana''  - Nutrition, Rejuvenation, Immunology and Geriatrics
-#''Vajikarana''  - Sexology, Aphrodisiac and Reproduction
-#''Bhuta Vidya''  - Psychiatry and Demonology
-The present chapter deals with ''Rasayana tantra'' of ''Ashtanga Ayurveda'' which has assumed a very high consideration in contemporary times in view of the potential role it could play today with increasing incidence of nutritional disorders, lifestyle related health issues and above all the rapid population aging world over, warranting newer strategies for geriatric health care and healthy aging where modern medicine has not much to offer.
-''Rasayana'' is the means of obtaining the best qualities of body cells and tissues and is able to defeat aging and disease. All ''rasayanas'' are ''ojovardhaka'' i.e. promoter of ''ojas'' or immune strength in the body, imparting ''vyadhikshamatva'' i.e. immunity in the body. The mode of action of ''rasayana'' remedies has been deliberated for long. Many scholars consider ''rasayana'' effect as the ''prabhava'' (specific therapeutic effect) of these remedies without really giving rational interpretation. However, Professor RH Singh et al (1972) have suggested that the ''rasayana'' remedies and measures act at three levels and produce subtle molecular nutrient and immune-enhancing effect with a range of secondary impacts such as improved nutritional status, immune-enhancing, longevity, healthy aging, promotion of health and prevention of disease. The three levels of action are:
-#At the level of ''rasa'' acting as a direct nutrient enriching the nutrient value of plasma.
-#At the level of ''agni'' acting as digestive and metabolic booster.
-#At the level of ''srotas'' acting as ''srotoprasadana'' promoting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. The net effect of all the three levels of action is an improved nutrition.
-The division of this chapter into four ''padas'' (parts) reflects an interesting style of classic writing simulating the style of the ''Yoga Sutras'' of Patanjali aiming to emphasize the continuum of the deliberations which could be fragmented in the chapterization style. The tendency of ''pada'' style can also be visualized in the [[Sutra Sthana]] of [[Charaka Samhita]] where all the thirty chapters have been systematically clubbed in seven ''chatushkas'' i.e. four chapters clubbed in one ''chatuska'' containing allied subject matter. Thus, ''Rasayanadhyaya'' (this chapter) is of great significance both from literary as well as from the subject matter point of view.
-The first part , ''Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada'', begins with the path breaking statement about ''bheshaja-abheshaja'' i.e. good medicine vs bad medicine. The bad medicines are poisons while the good medicines are of two categories:
-#''Ojovardhaka'' i.e. heath promoting,
-#''Roganut'' or disease curing.
-The ''ojovardhaka'' remedies again are of two categories namely ''rasayana'' and ''vajikarana''. The chapter further describes the qualities of ''rasayana'' and the methods of its use. It specially dwells upon the best ''rasayana'' drugs like ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amalaka Rasayana, Haritaki Yoga'' etc.
-The second part, ''Pranakamiya Rasayana Pada'', deliberates on ''rasayana prabhava'' with examples of certain special ''aushadhi rasayanas'' like ''Amalaki Ghrita, Amalakyavaleha, Amalaka Churna, Vidangavaleha, Nagabala Rasayana, Baladi Rasayana, Bhallataka Kshira'' etc.
-The third part, ''Karaprachitiya Rasayana Pada'' describes the role of ''brahmacharyadi karma'' (following code of conduct) in ''rasayana karma, kevalamalaka rasayana, lauhadi rasayana, aindri rasayana, medhya rasayana, pippali rasayana, shilajatu rasayan'' etc.
-The fourth part, ''Ayurveda Samutthaniya Rasayana Pada'' deliberates on Ayurveda tradition, ''Indrokta rasayana, Dronipraveshika rasayana, Kutipraveshika rasayana, Achara rasayana'' besides the basic issues like ''Dharmartha Ayurveda prayoga'' (use of Ayurveda for performing eternal duties) and ''Bhishak  prashansa'' (praise of physician).
-</div>
-===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
-==== Part- I: ''Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada'' ====
-अथातोऽभयामलकीयं रसायनपादं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
-इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
-athātō'bhayāmalakīyaṁ rasāyanapādaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
-iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
-athAto~abhayAmalakIyaM rasAyanapAdaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
-iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
-Now I shall deliberate on the first quarter of the chapter on ''rasayana'' i.e. promotive therapy specially dealing with ''Abhaya''(''Haritaki''), ''Amlaki'' etc. Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
-===== Synonyms of ''Bheshaja'' =====
-चिकित्सितं व्याधिहरं पथ्यं साधनमौषधम्|
-प्रायश्चित्तं प्रशमनंप्रकृतिस्थापनं हितम्||३||
-विद्याद्भेषजनामानि,...|४|
-cikitsitaṁ vyādhiharaṁ pathyaṁ sādhanamauṣadham|
-prāyaścittaṁ praśamanaṁ prakr̥tisthāpanaṁ hitam||3||
-vidyādbhēṣajanāmāni, ...|4|
-cikitsitaM vyAdhiharaM pathyaM sAdhanamauShadham|
-prAyashcittaM prashamanaM prakRutisthApanaM hitam||3||
-vidyAdbheShajanAmAni, ...|4|
-''Chikitsa'' (measures which alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbes), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps recovery to normalcy), ''hita'' (wholesome) – these are the synonyms of ''bheshaja'' (therapeutics).[3-4]
-===== Types of ''Bheshaja'' =====
-भेषजं द्विविधं च तत्|
-स्वस्थस्योर्जस्करं किञ्चित् किञ्चिदार्तस्य रोगनुत्||४||
-bhēṣajaṁ dvividhaṁ ca tat|
-svasthasyōrjaskaraṁ kiñcit kiñcidārtasya rōganut||4||
-.. bheShajaM dvividhaM ca tat|
-svasthasyorjaskaraM ki~jcit ki~jcidArtasya roganut||4||
-Therapeutics is of two categories:
-#that which promotes strength and immunity in the healthy,
-#that which alleviates disorders. [4]
-===== Types of ''Abheshaja'' =====
-अभेषजं च द्विविधं बाधनं सानुबाधनम्||
-abhēṣajaṁ ca dvividhaṁ bādhanaṁ sānubādhanam|5|
-abheShajaM ca dvividhaM bAdhanaM sAnubAdhanam|5|
-''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) is also of two types – (1) ''badhana'' (acute), (2) ''sanubadhana'' (chronic).[5]
-===== Objective of ''Rasayana'' and ''Vajikarana'' =====
-स्वस्थस्योर्जस्करं यत्तु तद्वृष्यं तद्रसायनम्||५||
-प्रायः, प्रायेण रोगाणां द्वितीयं प्रशमेमतम्|
-प्रायःशब्दोविशेषार्थो ह्युभयं ह्युभयार्थकृत्||६||
-svasthasyōrjaskaraṁ yattu tadvr̥ṣyaṁ tadrasāyanam||5||
-prāyaḥ, prāyēṇa rōgāṇāṁ dvitīyaṁ praśamē matam|
-prāyaḥśabdō viśēṣārthō hyubhayaṁ hyubhayārthakr̥t||6||
-svasthasyorjaskaraM yattu tadvRuShyaM tadrasAyanam||5||
-prAyaH, prAyeNa rogANAM dvitIyaM prashame matam|
-prAyaHshabdo visheShArtho hyubhayaM hyubhayArthakRut||6||
-Therapeutics which promotes strength and immunity is categorized in ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and ''rasayana'' (promotives), while the therapy of the second category is mostly applied for alleviation of disorders. The word ''prayah'' specially denotes only particularity because both the groups perform both the above functions namely, promotion of strength including immunity and alleviation of diseases. [5-6]
-===== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' =====
-दीर्घमायुः स्मृतिं मेधामारोग्यं तरुणंवयः|
-प्रभावर्णस्वरौदार्यं देहेन्द्रियबलं परम्||७||
-वाक्सिद्धिं प्रणतिंकान्तिं लभते ना रसायनात्|
-लाभोपायो हि शस्तानां रसादीनां रसायनम्||८||
-dīrghamāyuḥ smr̥tiṁ mēdhāmārōgyaṁ taruṇaṁ vayaḥ|
-prabhāvarṇasvaraudāryaṁ  dēhēndriyabalaṁ param||7||
-vāksiddhiṁ praṇatiṁ kāntiṁ labhatēnā rasāyanāt|
-lābhōpāyō hi śastānāṁ rasādīnāṁ rasāyanam||8||
-dIrghamAyuH smRutiM medhAmArogyaM taruNaM vayaH|
-prabhAvarNasvaraudAryaM dehendriyabalaM param||7||
-vAksiddhiM praNatiM  kAntiM labhate nA rasAyanAt|
-lAbhopAyo hi shastAnAM rasAdInAM rasAyanam||8||
-By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. ''Rasayana'' is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]
-===== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' =====
-अपत्यसन्तानकरं यत् सद्यः सम्प्रहर्षणम्|
-वाजीवातिबलो येनयात्यप्रतिहतः स्त्रियः||९||
-भवत्यतिप्रियः स्त्रीणां येन येनोपचीयते|
-जीर्यतोऽप्यक्षयं शुक्रं फलवद्येन दृश्यते||१०||
-प्रभूतशाखः शाखीव येन चैत्यो यथा महान्|
-भवत्यर्च्योबहुमतः प्रजानां सुबहुप्रजः||११||
-सन्तानमूलं येनेह प्रेत्य चानन्त्यमश्नुते|
-यशः श्रियं बलं पुष्टिं वाजीकरणमेव तत्||१२||
-apatyasantānakaraṁ yat sadyaḥsampraharṣaṇam|
-vājīvātibalō yēna yātyapratihataḥ striyaḥ||9||
-bhavatyatipriyaḥ strīṇāṁ yēna yēnōpacīyatē|
-jīryatō'pyakṣayaṁ śukraṁ phalavadyēna dr̥śyatē||10||
-prabhūtaśākhaḥ śākhīva yēna caityō yathā mahān|
-bhavatyarcyō bahumataḥ prajānāṁsubahuprajaḥ||11||
-santānamūlaṁ yēnēha prētya cānantyamaśnutē|
-yaśaḥ śriyaṁ balaṁ puṣṭiṁ vājīkaraṇamēva tat||12||
-apatyasantAnakaraM yat sadyaH sampraharShaNam|
-vAjIvAtibalo yena yAtyapratihataH striyaH||9||
-bhavatyatipriyaH strINAM yena yenopacIyate|
-jIryato~apyakShayaM shukraM phalavadyena dRushyate||10||
-prabhUtashAkhaH shAkhIva yena caityo yathA mahAn|
-bhavatyarcyo bahumataH prajAnAM subahuprajaH||11||
-santAnamUlaM yeneha pretya cAnantyamashnute|
-yashaH shriyaM balaM puShTiM vAjIkaraNameva tat||12||
+==Importance==
-''Vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is that which produces lineage of progeny, quick sexual stimulation, enables one to perform sexual act with the women uninterruptedly and vigorously like a horse, makes one charming for the women, promotes corpulence and infallible and indestructible semen even in the old persons, renders one great having a number of off-springs like a sacred tree branched profusely and commanding respect and popularity in the society. By this one attains eternality based on filial tradition here and hereafter along with fame, fortune, strength and corpulence. [9-12]
-===== Two types of ''Aushadha'' (medicine) =====
-स्वस्थस्योर्जस्करं त्वेतद्द्विविधं प्रोक्तमौषधम्|
-यद्व्याधिनिर्घातकरं वक्ष्यते तच्चिकित्सिते||१३||
-चिकित्सितार्थ एतावान् विकाराणां यदौषधम्|
-रसायनविधिश्चाग्रे वाजीकरणमेव च||१४||
-svasthasyōrjaskaraṁ tvētaddvividhaṁ prōktamauṣadham|
-yadvyādhinirghātakaraṁ vakṣyatē taccikitsitē||13||
+===Benefits of rasayana therapy in the preservation of health and prevention===
-cikitsitārtha ētāvān vikārāṇāṁ yadauṣadham|
-rasāyanavidhiścāgrē vājīkaraṇamēva ca||14||
-svasthasyorjaskaraM tvetaddvividhaM proktamauShadham|
-yadvyAdhinirghAtakaraM vakShyate taccikitsite||13||
-cikitsitArtha etAvAn vikArANAM yadauShadham|
-rasAyanavidhishcAgre vAjIkaraNameva ca||14||
-Thus, the twofold promotive treatment for the healthy is described here. As regard the measures for alleviating diseases, those will be described in the concerned chapters on therapeutics. The sole purpose of therapeutics is to alleviate diseases. The method of ''rasayana'' has been described first and thereafter the aphrodisiac measures have been described. [13-14]
-===== ''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) =====
-अभेषजमिति ज्ञेयं विपरीतं यदौषधात्|
-तदसेव्यं निषेव्यं तु प्रवक्ष्यामि यदौषधम्||१५||
-abhēṣajamiti jñēyaṁ viparītaṁ yadauṣadhāt|
-tadasēvyaṁ niṣēvyaṁ tu pravakṣyāmi yadauṣadham||15||
-abheShajamiti j~jeyaM viparItaM yadauShadhAt|
-tadasevyaM niShevyaM tu pravakShyAmi yadauShadham||15||
-''Abheshaja'' is that which is contrary to the ''bheshaja'' i.e. therapy. This is to be avoided whereas the ''bheshaja'' therapeutic measures are to be described further to be adopted. [15]
-===== Modes of Administration of ''Kutipraveshika'' and ''Vatatapika Rasayana'' =====
-रसायनानां द्विविधं प्रयोगमृषयो विदुः|
-कुटीप्रावेशिकं चैव वातातपिकमेव च||१६||
-कुटीप्रावेशिकस्यादौ विधिः समुपदेक्ष्यते|
+Rasayana therapy provides longevity, good memory, intellect, proper health and youthfulness. It also provides excellent luster, complexion and voice. The strength of body and sense organs is increased. Perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance are also achieved by rasayana therapy. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/7-8] This therapy relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation. It restores [[dosha]] balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles and kindles internal digestion. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/3] The person can achieve blissful health. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/78-80]
-नृपवैद्यद्विजातीनां साधूनांपुण्यकर्मणाम्||१७||
+Thus rasayana therapy can promote health and prevent diseases of mind and body. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/3]<ref name=Susruta/>  It is indicated to prevent recurrence of disease by restoring equilibrium of body constituents. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/48-49]
-निवासे निर्भये शस्ते प्राप्योपकरणे पुरे|
+===Importance in management of disease===
-दिशि पूर्वोत्तरस्यां च सुभूमौ कारयेत् कुटीम्||१८||
+Rasayana therapy is helpful in the management of diseases. It promotes the defense mechanism of body. The rasayana medicines with specific actions of affected tissues and organs are indicted in managing respective diseases. This article describes the concept and practices of rasayana therapy in detail.
-विस्तारोत्सेधसम्पन्नां त्रिगर्भां सूक्ष्मलोचनाम्|
+==Etymology and derivation==
-घनभित्तिमृतुसुखां सुस्पष्टां मनसः प्रियाम्||१९||
-शब्दादीनामशस्तानामगम्यं स्त्रीविवर्जिताम्|
-इष्टोपकरणोपेतां सज्जवैद्यौषधद्विजाम्||२०||
-अथोदगयने शुक्ले तिथिनक्षत्रपूजिते|
-मुहूर्तकरणोपेते प्रशस्तेकृतवापनः||२१||
-धृतिस्मृतिबलं कृत्वा श्रद्दधानः समाहितः|
-विधूय मानसान् दोषान् मैत्रीं भूतेषु चिन्तयन्||२२||
-देवताःपूजयित्वाऽग्रे द्विजातींश्च प्रदक्षिणम्|
-देवगोब्राह्मणान् कृत्वा ततस्तां प्रविशेत्कुटीम्||२३||
-तस्यां संशोधनैः शुद्धः सुखी जातबलः पुनः|
-रसायनं प्रयुञ्जीत तत्प्रवक्ष्यामिशोधनम्||२४||
-rasāyanānāṁ dvividhaṁ prayōgamr̥ṣayō viduḥ|
-kuṭīprāvēśikaṁ caiva vātātapikamēva ca||16||
-kuṭīprāvēśikasyādau vidhiḥ samupadēkṣyatē|
-nr̥pavaidyadvijātīnāṁ sādhūnāṁ puṇyakarmaṇām||17||
-nivāsē nirbhayē śastē prāpyōpakaraṇē purē|
-diśi pūrvōttarasyāṁ ca subhūmau kārayēt kuṭīm||18||
-vistārōtsēdhasampannāṁ trigarbhāṁ sūkṣmalōcanām|
-ghanabhittimr̥tusukhāṁ suspaṣṭāṁ manasaḥ priyām||19||
-śabdādīnāmaśastānāmagamyaṁstrīvivarjitām|
-iṣṭōpakaraṇōpētāṁ sajjavaidyauṣadhadvijām ||20||
-athōdagayanē śuklētithinakṣatrapūjitē|
-muhūrtakaraṇōpētē praśastē kr̥tavāpanaḥ||21||
-dhr̥tismr̥tibalaṁ kr̥tvā śraddadhānaḥ samāhitaḥ|
-vidhūya mānasān dōṣān maitrīṁ bhūtēṣu cintayan||22||
-dēvatāḥ pūjayitvā'grē dvijātīṁścapradakṣiṇam|
-dēvagōbrāhmaṇān kr̥tvā tatastāṁ praviśēt kuṭīm||23||
-tasyāṁ saṁśōdhanaiḥ śuddhaḥ sukhī jātabalaḥ punaḥ|
-rasāyanaṁ prayuñjīta tatpravakṣyāmi śōdhanam||24||
-rasAyanAnAM dvividhaM prayogamRuShayo viduH|
-kuTIprAveshikaM caiva vAtAtapikameva ca||16||
-kuTIprAveshikasyAdau vidhiH samupadekShyate|
-nRupavaidyadvijAtInAM sAdhUnAM puNyakarmaNAm||17||
-nivAse nirbhaye shaste prApyopakaraNe pure|
-dishi pUrvottarasyAM ca subhUmau kArayet kuTIm||18||
-vistArotsedhasampannAM trigarbhAM sUkShmalocanAm|
-ghanabhittimRutusukhAM suspaShTAM manasaH priyAm||19||
-shabdAdInAmashastAnAmagamyaM strIvivarjitAm|
-iShTopakaraNopetAM sajjavaidyauShadhadvijAm [1] ||20||
-athodagayane shukle tithinakShatrapUjite|
-muhUrtakaraNopete prashaste kRutavApanaH||21||
-dhRutismRutibalaM kRutvA shraddadhAnaH samAhitaH|
-vidhUya mAnasAn doShAn maitrIM bhUteShu cintayan||22||
-devatAH pUjayitvA~agre dvijAtIMshca pradakShiNam|
-devagobrAhmaNAn kRutvA tatastAM pravishet kuTIm||23||
-tasyAM saMshodhanaiH shuddhaH sukhI jAtabalaH punaH|
-rasAyanaM prayu~jjIta tatpravakShyAmi  shodhanam||24||
-The propounders have described two methods of the administration of ''rasayana'' therapy, namely:
-#''kutipraveshika'' (indoor) and
-#''vatatapika'' (outdoor).
-Firstly, the procedure of indoor treatment will be described. For this a cottage should be built in an auspicious ground, facing eastward or northward and in a locality inhabited by king, physicians and ''brahmanas'', holy saints, is free from dangers, is auspicious and has easy availability of necessary materials. The cottage should have sufficient space and height, three interior chambers one after the other, a small opening, and thick walls and should be comfortable for the seasons, neatly clean and favorable for the treatment. It should be impermeable for undesirable sound etc. (sense objects), free from women, equipped with necessary accessories and attended by physicians with medicines and ''brahmanas''.
-Now, in northerly course of the sun, bright fortnight and auspicious date, star, hour and ''karana'', one having clean- shaved, with strong restraint and memory, faith and focused mind, and stress-free state, feeling companionship with all the creatures, having worshipped the gods and ''brahmanas'' first and keeping the gods, cow and ''brahmanas'' to the right side, one should enter the cottage and be cleansed and thereafter when he feels happy and strong, he should use ''rasayana'' treatment. Further I shall talk about the cleansing procedures. [16-24]
-===== Body purification before ''rasayana'' treatment =====
-हरीतकीनां चूर्णानि सैन्धवामलके गुडम्|
-वचां विडङ्गं रजनीं पिप्पलीं विश्वभेषजम्||२५||
-पिबेदुष्णाम्बुना जन्तुःस्नेहस्वेदोपपादितः|
-तेन शुद्धशरीराय कृतसंसर्जनाय च||२६||
-त्रिरात्रं यावकं दद्यात् पञ्चाहंवाऽपि सर्पिषा|
-सप्ताहं वा पुराणस्य यावच्छुद्धेस्तु वर्चसः||२७||
-शुद्धकोष्ठं तु तं ज्ञात्वा रसायनमुपाचरेत्|
-वयःप्रकृतिसात्म्यज्ञो यौगिकं यस्य यद्भवेत्||२८||
-harītakīnāṁ cūrṇāni saindhavāmalakē guḍam|
-vacāṁ viḍaṅgaṁ rajanīṁ pippalīṁ viśvabhēṣajam||25||
-pibēduṣṇāmbunā jantuḥ snēhasvēdōpapāditaḥ|
-tēna śuddhaśarīrāya kr̥tasaṁsarjanāya ca||26||
-trirātraṁ yāvakaṁ dadyāt pañcāhaṁ vā'pi sarpiṣā|
-saptāhaṁ vā purāṇasya yāvacchuddhēstu varcasaḥ||27||
-śuddhakōṣṭhaṁ tu taṁ jñātvā rasāyanamupācarēt|
-vayaḥprakr̥tisātmyajñō yaugikaṁ yasya yadbhavēt||28||
-harItakInAM cUrNAni saindhavAmalake guDam|
-vacAM viDa~ggaM rajanIM pippalIM vishvabheShajam||25||
-pibeduShNAmbunA jantuH snehasvedopapAditaH|
-tena shuddhasharIrAya kRutasaMsarjanAya ca||26||
-trirAtraM yAvakaM dadyAt pa~jcAhaM vA~api sarpiShA|
-saptAhaM vA purANasya yAvacchuddhestu varcasaH||27||
-shuddhakoShThaM tu taM j~jAtvA rasAyanamupAcaret|
-vayaHprakRutisAtmyaj~jo yaugikaM yasya yadbhavet||28||
-The individual scheduled to undergo ''rasayana'' treatment, adequately oleated and fomented, should take formulations with hot water consisting of the powders of ''haritaki'', rock salt, ''amalaka'', jaggery, ''vacha'', ''vidanga'', ''haridra'', long pepper and dry ginger. When he is evacuated properly by this procedure and has resumed the routine dietetic regimen, he should be given barley preparation added with ghee for three, five or seven days (according to measure of evacuation) till the accumulated feces are eliminated. Thus, when he is considered as having cleansed properly, the physician should administer the appropriately chosen ''rasayana'' (drug) in consideration of his age, constitution and suitability. [25-28]
-===== Properties of ''Haritaki'' and ''Amalaki'' =====
-हरीतकीं पञ्चरसामुष्णामलवणां शिवाम्|
-दोषानुलोमनीं लघ्वींविद्याद्दीपनपाचनीम्||२९||
-आयुष्यां पौष्टिकीं धन्यां वयसः स्थापनीं पराम्|
-सर्वरोगप्रशमनींबुद्धीन्द्रियबलप्रदाम्||३०||
-कुष्ठं गुल्ममुदावर्तं शोषं पाण्ड्वामयंमदम्|
-अर्शांसि ग्रहणीदोषं पुराणं विषमज्वरम्||३१||
-हृद्रोगं सशिरोरोगमतीसारमरोचकम्|
-कासं प्रमेहमानाहं प्लीहानमुदरं नवम्||३२||
-कफप्रसेकं वैस्वर्यं वैवर्ण्यं कामलां क्रिमीन्|
-श्वयथुं तमकं छर्दिं क्लैब्यमङ्गावसादनम्||३३||
-स्रोतोविबन्धान् विविधान् प्रलेपं हृदयोरसोः|
-स्मृतिबुद्धिप्रमोहं च जयेच्छीघ्रं हरीतकी||३४||
-(अजीर्णिनो रूक्षभुजः स्त्रीमद्यविषकर्शिताः|
-सेवेरन्नाभयामेते क्षुत्तृष्णोष्णार्दिताश्चये)||३५||
-तान् गुणांस्तानि कर्माणि विद्यादामलकीष्वपि|
-यान्युक्तानि हरीतक्या वीर्यस्य तु विपर्ययः||३६||
-अतश्चामृतकल्पानि विद्यात् कर्मभिरीदृशैः|
-हरीतकीनां शस्यानि भिषगामलकस्य च||३७||
-harītakīṁ pañcarasāmuṣṇāmalavaṇāṁ śivām|
-dōṣānulōmanīṁ laghvīṁ vidyāddīpanapācanīm||29||
-āyuṣyāṁ pauṣṭikīṁ dhanyāṁ vayasaḥ sthāpanīṁ parām|
-sarvarōgapraśamanīṁ buddhīndriyabalapradām||30||
-kuṣṭhaṁ gulmamudāvartaṁ śōṣaṁ pāṇḍvāmayaṁ madam|
-arśāṁsi grahaṇīdōṣaṁ purāṇaṁ viṣamajvaram||31||
-hr̥drōgaṁ saśirōrōgamatīsāramarōcakam|
-kāsaṁ pramēhamānāhaṁ plīhānamudaraṁ navam||32||
-kaphaprasēkaṁ vaisvaryaṁ vaivarṇyaṁ kāmalāṁ krimīn|
-śvayathuṁ tamakaṁ chardiṁ klaibyamaṅgāvasādanam||33||
-srōtōvibandhān vividhān pralēpaṁ hr̥dayōrasōḥ|
-smr̥tibuddhipramōhaṁ ca jayēcchīghraṁ harītakī||34||
-(ajīrṇinō rūkṣabhujaḥ strīmadyaviṣakarśitāḥ|
-sēvērannābhayāmētē kṣuttr̥ṣṇōṣṇārditāśca yē)||35||
-tān guṇāṁstāni karmāṇi vidyādāmalakīṣvapi|
-yānyuktāni harītakyā vīryasya tu viparyayaḥ||36||
-ataścāmr̥takalpāni vidyāt karmabhirīdr̥śaiḥ|
-harītakīnāṁ śasyāni bhiṣagāmalakasya ca||37||
-harItakIM pa~jcarasAmuShNAmalavaNAM shivAm|
-doShAnulomanIM laghvIM vidyAddIpanapAcanIm||29||
-AyuShyAM pauShTikIM dhanyAM vayasaH sthApanIM parAm|
-sarvarogaprashamanIM buddhIndriyabalapradAm||30||
-kuShThaM gulmamudAvartaM shoShaM pANDvAmayaM madam|
-arshAMsi grahaNIdoShaM purANaM viShamajvaram||31||
-hRudrogaM sashirorogamatIsAramarocakam|
-kAsaM pramehamAnAhaM plIhAnamudaraM navam||32||
-kaphaprasekaM vaisvaryaM vaivarNyaM kAmalAM krimIn|
-shvayathuM tamakaM chardiM klaibyama~ggAvasAdanam||33||
-srotovibandhAn vividhAn pralepaM hRudayorasoH|
-smRutibuddhipramohaM ca jayecchIghraM harItakI||34||
-(ajIrNino [1] rUkShabhujaH strImadyaviShakarshitAH|
-severannAbhayAmete kShuttRuShNoShNArditAshca ye)||35||
-tAn guNAMstAni karmANi vidyAdAmalakIShvapi|
-yAnyuktAni harItakyA vIryasya tu viparyayaH||36||
-atashcAmRutakalpAni vidyAt karmabhirIdRushaiH|
-harItakInAM shasyAni bhiShagAmalakasya ca||37||
-''Haritaki'' has five tastes devoid of saline taste, is hot, wholesome, carminative, light, appetizer, digestive, life promoting, tonic, excellent sustainer of youthfulness, relieves all diseases and affords strength to all sense organs. It alleviates skin disorders including leprosy, ''gulma, udavarta,'' phthisis, anemia, degeneration, piles, disorders of ''grahani'', chronic intermittent fever, heart disease, head disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough, urinary diseases and diabetes, flatulence, splenomegaly, acute abdominal disorders, excessive secretion of mucus, hoarseness of voice, disorders of complexion, jaundice,worms oedema, bronchial asthma, vomiting, impotency, lassitude in organs, micro-obstructive  disorders, feeling of slugged heart and chest, sudden impairment of memory and intellect.
-(The individuals having indigestion, consumption of rough food, emaciated by indulgence in women, wine and poisonous substances and afflicted with hunger, thirst and heat should avoid prolong use of ''haritaki''.)
-''Amlaki'' has the same properties and actions as ''haritaki'', only the bio-potency is different (''haritaki'' being hot while ''amalaki'' is cold.)
-Thus, looking to these actions, one should regard the fruits of ''haritaki'' as well as ''amlaki'' like nectar. [29-37]
-===== Qualities of ideal drugs for therapeutic use =====
-ओषधीनां परा भूमिर्हिमवाञ् शैलसत्तमः|
-तस्मात्फलानि तज्जानि ग्राहयेत्कालजानि तु||३८||
-आपूर्णरसवीर्याणि काले काले यथाविधि|
-आदित्यपवनच्छायासलिलप्रीणितानि च||३९||
-यान्यजग्धान्यपूतीनि निर्व्रणान्यगदानि च|
-तेषां प्रयोगं वक्ष्यामि फलानां कर्म चोत्तमम्||४०||
-ōṣadhīnāṁ parā bhūmirhimavāñ śailasattamaḥ|
-tasmātphalāni tajjāni grāhayētkālajāni tu||38||
-āpūrṇarasavīryāṇi kālē kālē yathāvidhi|
-ādityapavanacchāyāsalilaprīṇitāni ca||39||
-yānyajagdhānyapūtīni nirvraṇānyagadāni ca|
-tēṣāṁ prayōgaṁ vakṣyāmi phalānāṁ karma cōttamam||40||
-oShadhInAM parA bhUmirhimavA~j shailasattamaH|
-tasmAtphalAni tajjAni grAhayetkAlajAni tu||38||
-ApUrNarasavIryANi kAle kAle yathAvidhi|
-AdityapavanacchAyAsalilaprINitAni ca||39||
-yAnyajagdhAnyapUtIni nirvraNAnyagadAni ca|
-teShAM prayogaM vakShyAmi phalAnAM karma cottamam||40||
-Himalaya is excellent among the mountains, which is the best habitat of medicinal plants. Hence one should obtain the fruits grown there in proper time, mature with taste and potency, replenished with the sun, air, shade and water in respective seasons according to need, and which are uneaten, un-purified, uninjured and non toxic. The excellent actions and uses of these fruits will be described now. [38-40]
-===== ''Brahma Rasayanam'' =====
-पञ्चानां पञ्चमूलानां भागान् दशपलोन्मितान्|
-हरीतकीसहस्रं च त्रिगुणामलकं नवम्||४१||
-विदारिगन्धां बृहतीं पृश्निपर्णीं निदिग्धिकाम्|
-विद्याद्विदारिगन्धाद्यं श्वदंष्ट्रापञ्चमं गणम्||४२||
-बिल्वाग्निमन्थश्योनाकं काश्मर्यमथ पाटलाम्|
-पुनर्नवां शूर्पपर्ण्यौ बलामेरण्डमेव च||४३||
-जीवकर्षभकौ मेदां जीवन्तीं सशतावरीम्|
-शरेक्षुदर्भकाशानां शालीनां मूलमेव च||४४||
-इत्येषां पञ्चमूलानां पञ्चानामुपकल्पयेत्|
-भागान् यथोक्तांस्तत्सर्वं साध्यं दशगुणेऽम्भसि||४५||
-दशभागावशेषं तु पूतं तं ग्राहयेद्रसम्|
-हरीतकीश्च ताः सर्वाः सर्वाण्यामलकानि च||४६||
-तानि सर्वाण्यनस्थीनि फलान्यापोथ्य कूर्चनैः|
-विनीय तस्मिन्निर्यूहे चूर्णानीमानिदापयेत्||४७||
-मण्डूकपर्ण्याः पिप्पल्याः शङ्खपुष्प्याः प्लवस्यच|
-मुस्तानां सविडङ्गानां चन्दनागुरुणोस्तथा||४८||
-मधुकस्य हरिद्राया वचायाः कनकस्य च|
-भागांश्चतुष्पलान् कृत्वा सूक्ष्मैलायास्त्वचस्तथा||४९||
-सितोपलासहस्रं च चूर्णितंतुलयाऽधिकम्|
-तैलस्य द्व्याढकं तत्र दद्यात्त्रीणि च सर्पिषः||५०||
-साध्यमौदुम्बरे पात्रे तत् सर्वं मृदुनाऽग्निना|
-ज्ञात्वालेह्यमदग्धं च शीतं क्षौद्रेण संसृजेत्||५१||
-क्षौद्रप्रमाणं स्नेहार्धं तत् सर्वं घृतभाजने|
-तिष्ठेत्सम्मूर्च्छितं तस्य मात्रां काले प्रयोजयेत्||५२||
-या नोपरुन्ध्यादाहारमेकं मात्रा जरांप्रति|
-षष्टिकः पयसा चात्र जीर्णे भोजनमिष्यते||५३||
-वैखानसा वालखिल्यास्तथा चान्ये तपोधनाः|
-रसायनमिदं प्राश्यबभूवुरमितायुषः||५४||
-मुक्त्वा जीर्णं वपुश्चाग्र्यमवापुस्तरुणं वयः|
-वीततन्द्राक्लमश्वासा निरातङ्काः समाहिताः||५५||
-मेधास्मृतिबलोपेताश्चिररात्रं तपोधनाः|
-ब्राह्मं तपो ब्रह्मचर्यं चेरुश्चात्यन्तनिष्ठया||५६||
-रसायनमिदं ब्राह्ममायुष्कामः प्रयोजयेत्|
-दीर्घमायुर्वयश्चाग्र्यं कामांश्चेष्टान् समश्नुते||५७||
-(इति ब्राह्मरसायनम्)|
-pañcānāṁ pañcamūlānāṁ bhāgān daśapalōnmitān|
-harītakīsahasraṁ ca triguṇāmalakaṁ navam||41||
-vidārigandhāṁ br̥hatīṁ pr̥śniparṇīṁ nidigdhikām|
-vidyādvidārigandhādyaṁśvadaṁṣṭrāpañcamaṁ gaṇam||42||
-bilvāgnimanthaśyōnākaṁ kāśmaryamatha pāṭalām|
-punarnavāṁ śūrpaparṇyau balāmēraṇḍamēva ca||43||
-jīvakarṣabhakau mēdāṁ jīvantīṁ saśatāvarīm|
-śarēkṣudarbhakāśānāṁ śālīnāṁ mūlamēva ca||44||
-ityēṣāṁ pañcamūlānāṁ pañcānāmupakalpayēt|
-bhāgān yathōktāṁstatsarvaṁ sādhyaṁ daśaguṇē'mbhasi||45||
-daśabhāgāvaśēṣaṁ tu pūtaṁ taṁ grāhayēdrasam|
-harītakīśca tāḥ sarvāḥ sarvāṇyāmalakāni ca||46||
-tāni sarvāṇyanasthīni phalānyāpōthya kūrcanaiḥ|
-vinīya tasminniryūhē cūrṇānīmāni dāpayēt||47||
-maṇḍūkaparṇyāḥ pippalyāḥ śaṅkhapuṣpyāḥ plavasya ca|
-mustānāṁ saviḍaṅgānāṁ candanāguruṇōstathā||48||
-madhukasya haridrāyā vacāyāḥ kanakasyaca|
-bhāgāṁścatuṣpalān kr̥tvā sūkṣmailāyāstvacastathā||49||
-sitōpalāsahasraṁ ca cūrṇitaṁ tulayā'dhikam|
-tailasya dvyāḍhakaṁ tatra dadyāttrīṇi ca sarpiṣaḥ||50||
-sādhyamaudumbarē pātrē tat sarvaṁ mr̥dunā'gninā|
-jñātvā lēhyamadagdhaṁ ca śītaṁ kṣaudrēṇa saṁsr̥jēt||51||
-kṣaudrapramāṇaṁ snēhārdhaṁ tat sarvaṁ ghr̥tabhājanē|
-tiṣṭhētsammūrcchitaṁ tasya mātrāṁ kālē prayōjayēt||52||
-yā nōparundhyādāhāramēkaṁ mātrā jarāṁ prati|
-ṣaṣṭikaḥ payasā cātra jīrṇēbhōjanamiṣyatē||53||
-vaikhānasā vālakhilyāstathā cānyē tapōdhanāḥ|
-rasāyanamidaṁ prāśya babhūvuramitāyuṣaḥ||54||
-muktvā jīrṇaṁ vapuścāgryamavāpustaruṇaṁ vayaḥ|
-vītatandrāklamaśvāsā nirātaṅkāḥ samāhitāḥ||55||
-mēdhāsmr̥tibalōpētāścirarātraṁ tapōdhanāḥ|
-brāhmaṁ tapō brahmacaryaṁ cēruścātyantaniṣṭhayā||56||
-rasāyanamidaṁ brāhmamāyuṣkāmaḥ prayōjayēt|
-dīrghamāyurvayaścāgryaṁ kāmāṁścēṣṭān samaśnutē||57||
-(iti brāhmarasāyanam)
-pa~jcAnAM pa~jcamUlAnAM bhAgAn dashapalonmitAn|
-harItakIsahasraM ca triguNAmalakaM navam||41||
-vidArigandhAM bRuhatIM pRushniparNIM nidigdhikAm|
-vidyAdvidArigandhAdyaM shvadaMShTrApa~jcamaM gaNam||42||
-bilvAgnimanthashyonAkaM kAshmaryamatha pATalAm|
-punarnavAM shUrpaparNyau balAmeraNDameva ca||43||
-jIvakarShabhakau medAM jIvantIM sashatAvarIm|
-sharekShudarbhakAshAnAM shAlInAM mUlameva ca||44||
-ityeShAM pa~jcamUlAnAM pa~jcAnAmupakalpayet|
-bhAgAn yathoktAMstatsarvaM sAdhyaM dashaguNe~ambhasi||45||
-dashabhAgAvasheShaM tu pUtaM taM grAhayedrasam|
-harItakIshca tAH sarvAH sarvANyAmalakAni ca||46||
-tAni sarvANyanasthIni phalAnyApothya kUrcanaiH|
-vinIya tasminniryUhe cUrNAnImAni dApayet||47||
-maNDUkaparNyAH pippalyAH sha~gkhapuShpyAH plavasya ca|
-mustAnAM saviDa~ggAnAM candanAguruNostathA||48||
-madhukasya haridrAyA vacAyAH kanakasya ca|
-bhAgAMshcatuShpalAn kRutvA sUkShmailAyAstvacastathA||49||
-sitopalAsahasraM ca cUrNitaM tulayA~adhikam|
-tailasya dvyADhakaM tatra dadyAttrINi ca sarpiShaH||50||
-sAdhyamaudumbare pAtre tat sarvaM mRudunA~agninA|
-j~jAtvA lehyamadagdhaM ca shItaM kShaudreNa saMsRujet||51||
-kShaudrapramANaM snehArdhaM tat sarvaM ghRutabhAjane|
-tiShThetsammUrcchitaM tasya mAtrAM kAle prayojayet||52||
-yA noparundhyAdAhAramekaM  mAtrA jarAM prati|
-ShaShTikaH payasA cAtra jIrNe bhojanamiShyate||53||
-vaikhAnasA vAlakhilyAstathA cAnye tapodhanAH|
-rasAyanamidaM prAshya  babhUvuramitAyuShaH||54||
-muktvA jIrNaM vapushcAgryamavApustaruNaM vayaH|
-vItatandrAklamashvAsA nirAta~gkAH samAhitAH||55||
-medhAsmRutibalopetAshcirarAtraM tapodhanAH|
-brAhmaM tapo brahmacaryaM cerushcAtyantaniShThayA||56||
-rasAyanamidaM brAhmamAyuShkAmaH prayojayet|
-dIrghamAyurvayashcAgryaM kAmAMshceShTAn samashnute||57||
-(iti brAhmarasAyanam)|
-The Five root pentads are taken in quantity 400 gm each (pentad) along with the fresh fruits of ''Haritaki'' and ''Amlaki'' in number of one thousand and three thousand respectively. (The five pentads are as follows) ''Shalaparni'', ''Bruhati'', ''Prushiparni'', Kanthakari, and ''gokshura'' constitute the ''vidarigandhadi'' group of five roots. Similarly, ''bilwa, agnimantha,'' ''shyonaka, kashmarya'' and ''patala'' constitute the ''bilwadi'' pentad of roots. ''Punarnava, mudagparni, mashaaparni, bala'' and ''eranda'' constitute ''punarnavadi'' pentad. ''Jivaka rishabhaka, meda, jivanti'' and ''shatavari'' constitute ''Jivakadi'' pentad. Roots of ''shara'', ''ikshu, darbha, kasha'' and ''shali'' constitute the ''sharadi'' pentad of roots. These five pentads are taken together and boiled in ten times quantity of water. When water is reduced to one tenth, it is brought down and filtered. On the other hand, the fruit of ''haritaki'' and ''amlaki'' are picked out, their seeds are removed and pounded well on stone slabs or in mortar. This is mixed in the above decoction and powder of the following drugs and substances are added to it- ''mandukaparni, pippali, shankhapushpi, plava, musta'', ''vidanga, chandana, aguru, manduka, haridra, vacha, nagakeshara, sukshma ela'' and ''twak'' each in quantity of 160 gm and sugar candy 44 kg, ''tila'' oil 5 kg 120 gm, ghee 7kg 680 gm are added to it. All this is cooked in copper utensil on mild fire. When it is converted in to linctus and is not burnt it is brought down. Honey is added to it in quantity of 3 kg 840gm, when it is cooked down. Now the preparation is kept in a vessel laced with ghee.
-This preparation should be used in proper time and dose. The proper dose is that which does not disturb the digestion of the food. When the drug is digested the patient should take ''shashtika'' rice with milk.
-By taking this ''rasayana'' drug the sages of ''vaikhanasa'' and ''balakhilya'' groups and other ones attained immeasurable life span; acquired excellent youth shedding off the rotten physique, became free from dullness, exhausation, dyspnoea and diseases; and endowed with full concentration, intellect and strength practised celibacy and spiritual penance with full devotion. An individual desirous of longevity should use this ''Brahma rasayana'' by which he attains long life, excellent (youthful) age and wellness.  [41-57]
-यथोक्तगुणानामामलकानां सहस्रं पिष्टस्वेदनविधिना पयस ऊष्मणा सुस्विन्नमनातपशुष्कमनस्थि चूर्णयेत्| तदामलकसहस्रस्वरसपरिपीतं स्थिरापुनर्नवाजीवन्तीनागबलाब्रह्मसुवर्चलामण्डूकपर्णीशतावरीशङ्खपुष्पीपिप्पलीवचाविडङ्गस्वयङ्गुप्तामृताचन्दनागुरुमधुकमधूकपुष्पोत्पलपद्ममालतीयुवतीयूथिकाचूर्णाष्टभागसंयुक्तं पुनर्नागबलासहस्रपलस्वरसपरिपीतमनातपशुष्कं द्विगुणितसर्पिषा क्षौद्रसर्पिषा वा क्षुद्रगुडाकृतिं कृत्वा शुचौ दृढे घृतभाविते कुम्भे भस्मराशेरधः स्थापयेदन्तर्भूमेः पक्षं कृतरक्षाविधानमथर्ववेदविदा, पक्षात्यये चोद्धृत्य कनकरजतताम्रप्रवालकालायसचूर्णाष्टभागसंयुक्तमर्धकर्षवृद्ध्या यथोक्तेन विधिना प्रातः प्रातः प्रयुञ्जानोऽग्निबलमभिसमीक्ष्य, जीर्णे च षष्टिकं पयसा ससर्पिष्कमुपसेवमानो यथोक्तान् गुणान् समश्नुत इति||५८||
-yathōktaguṇānāmāmalakānāṁ sahasraṁ piṣṭasvēdanavidhinā payasa ūṣmaṇā susvinnamanātapaśuṣkamanasthi cūrṇayēt| tadāmalakasahasrasvarasaparipītaṁ
-sthirāpunarnavājīvantīnāgabalābrahmasuvarcalāmaṇḍūkaparṇīśatāvarīśaṅkhapuṣpīpippalīvacāviḍaṅgasvayaṅguptāmr̥tācandanāguru
-madhukamadhūkapuṣpōtpalapadmamālatīyuvatīyūthikācūrṇāṣṭabhāgasaṁyuktaṁ
-punarnāgabalāsahasrapalasvarasaparipītamanātapaśuṣkaṁ dviguṇitasarpiṣā kṣaudrasarpiṣā vā kṣudraguḍākr̥tiṁ kr̥tvā śucau dr̥ḍhē ghr̥tabhāvitē kumbhē bhasmarāśēradhaḥ sthāpayēdantarbhūmēḥ pakṣaṁ kr̥tarakṣāvidhānamatharvavēdavidā, pakṣātyayē
-cōddhr̥tyakanakarajatatāmrapravālakālāyasacūrṇāṣṭabhāgasaṁyuktamardhakarṣavr̥ddhyā yathōktēna vidhinā prātaḥ prātaḥ prayuñjānō'gnibalamabhisamīkṣya,
-jīrṇē ca ṣaṣṭikaṁ payasā sasarpiṣkamupasēvamānō yathōktān guṇān samaśnuta
-iti||58||
-yathoktaguNAnAmAmalakAnAM sahasraM piShTasvedanavidhinA payasa UShmaNA susvinnamanAtapashuShkamanasthi cUrNayet|
-tadAmalakasahasrasvarasaparipItaMsthirApunarnavAjIvantInAgabalAbrahmasuvarcalAmaNDUkaparNIshatAvarIsha~gkhapuShpIpippalIvacAviDa~ggasvaya~gguptAmRutA-candanAgurumadhukamadhUkapuShpotpalapadmamAlatIyuvatIyUthikAcUrNAShTabhAgasaMyuktaMpunarnAgabalAsahasrapalasvarasaparipItamanAtapashuShkaM dviguNitasarpiShA kShaudrasarpiShA vA kShudraguDAkRutiM kRutvA shucau dRuDhe ghRutabhAvitekumbhe bhasmarAsheradhaH sthApayedantarbhUmeH pakShaM kRutarakShAvidhAnamatharvavedavidA, pakShAtyaye coddhRutyakanakarajatatAmrapravAlakAlAyasacUrNAShTabhAgasaMyuktamardhakarShavRuddhyA yathoktena vidhinA prAtaH prAtaH prayu~jjAno~agnibalamabhisamIkShya,jIrNe ca ShaShTikaM payasA sasarpiShkamupasevamAno yathoktAn guNAn samashnuta iti||58||
-The ''amlaki'' fruits having the above qualities are taken in the number of thousands and are steamed on the vapor of milk like the flour paste. When they are well steamed, they are taken out, dried in shade and are powdered after removing the seeds. This is impregnated with the juice of one thousand fresh fruits of ''amlaki'' and added with the powder of ''shalaparņi, punarnava, jivanti, nagabala,'' ''brahmasuvarchala, mandukaparni, shatavari, shankhapushpi, pippali, vacha, vidanga, kapikacchu, guduchi, chandan''. ''Aguru'', ''madhuka'', flowers of ''madhuka, utpala, kamala, jati, taruņi,'' and ''yuthika'' in the quantity one eight of ''amlaki'' powder. This is again impregnated with the juice of ''nagabala'' in the quantity of 40 kg. and dried in shade. Then in double quantity ghee or ghee-honey mixed are added to it and is made in the shape of small boluses. This is kept in a clean and strong vessel oiled with ghee and is stored underground within the heap of ashes for a fortnight after having performed the spiritual rites through those who know Atharvaveda. After the fortnight is over, this should be taken out and added with the powder (''bhasma'') of gold, silver, copper, coral and iron in one eighth quantity. [58]
-भवन्ति चात्र-
-इदं रसायनं ब्राह्मं महर्षिगणसेवितम्|
-भवत्यरोगो दीर्घायुः प्रयुञ्जानो महाबलः||५९||
-कान्तः प्रजानांसिद्धार्थश्चन्द्रादित्यसमद्युतिः|
-श्रुतं धारयते सत्त्वमार्षं चास्य प्रवर्तते||६०||
-धरणीधरसारश्च वायुना समविक्रमः|
-स भवत्यविषं चास्य गात्रे सम्पद्यते विषम्||६१||
-(इति द्वितीयं ब्राह्मरसायनम्)|
-bhavanti cātra-
-idaṁ rasāyanaṁ brāhmaṁ maharṣigaṇasēvitam|
-bhavatyarōgō dīrghāyuḥ prayuñjānō mahābalaḥ||59||
-kāntaḥ prajānāṁ siddhārthaścandrādityasamadyutiḥ|
-śrutaṁ dhārayatē sattvamārṣaṁ cāsya pravartatē||60||
-dharaṇīdharasāraśca vāyunā samavikramaḥ|
-sa bhavatyaviṣaṁ cāsya gātrē sampadyatēviṣam||61||
-(iti dvitīyaṁ brāhmarasāyanam)|
-bhavanti cAtra-
-idaM rasAyanaM brAhmaM maharShigaNasevitam|
-bhavatyarogo dIrghAyuH prayu~jjAno mahAbalaH||59||
-kAntaH prajAnAM siddhArthashcandrAdityasamadyutiH|
-shrutaM dhArayate sattvamArShaM cAsya pravartate||60||
-dharaNIdharasArashca vAyunA samavikramaH|
-sa bhavatyaviShaM cAsya gAtre sampadyate viSham||61||
-(iti dvitIyaM brAhmarasAyanam)|
-This ''rasayana'' preparation should be taken regularly in the dose of 5 gms gradually increasing with the same by the said method in every morning in consideration of the digestive capacity, after the consumed medication is digested, ''swastika'' rice along with milk added with ghee should be taken. This treatment affords one to achieve the therapeutic results mentioned above.
-Here are the summarizing verses-
-On using this ''brahma rasayana'', already used by great sages, the user becomes disease free, long lived and with great strength. He becomes charming to the world, with all mission fulfilled, having splendor like that of the moon and the sun, acquires and retains the knowledge. He is endowed with divine psyche, firmness like that of mountain, valor like that of wind. Even poison is reduced to non poison on coming in contact with his body. [59-61]
-===== ''Chyavanaprasha'' =====
-बिल्वोऽग्निमन्थः श्योनाकः काश्मर्यः पाटलिर्बला|
-पर्ण्यश्चतस्रः पिप्पल्यः श्वदंष्ट्रा बृहतीद्वयम्||६२||
-शृङ्गी तामलकी द्राक्षा जीवन्ती पुष्करागुरु|
-अभया चामृता ऋद्धिर्जीवकर्षभकौ शटी||६३||
-मुस्तं पुनर्नवा मेदा सैला चन्दनमुत्पलम्|
-विदारी वृषमूलानि काकोली काकनासिका||६४||
-एषां पलोन्मितान् भागाञ्छतान्यामलकस्य च|
-पञ्च दद्यात्तदैकध्यं जलद्रोणे विपाचयेत्||६५||
-ज्ञात्वा गतरसान्येतान्यौषधान्यथ तं रसम्|
-तच्चामलकमुद्धृत्य निष्कुलं तैलसर्पिषोः||६६||
-पलद्वादशके भृष्ट्वा दत्त्वा चार्धतुलां भिषक्|
-मत्स्यण्डिकायाः पूताया लेहवत्साधु साधयेत्||६७||
-षट्पलं मधुनश्चात्र सिद्धशीते प्रदापयेत्|
-चतुष्पलं तुगाक्षीर्याः पिप्पलीद्विपलं तथा||६८||
-पलमेकं निदध्याच्च त्वगेलापत्रकेशरात्|
-इत्ययं च्यवनप्राशः परमुक्तो रसायनः||६९||
-कासश्वासहरश्चैव विशेषेणोपदिश्यते|
-क्षीणक्षतानां वृद्धानां बालानांचाङ्गवर्धनः||७०||
-स्वरक्षयमुरोरोगं हृद्रोगं वातशोणितम्|
-पिपासां मूत्रशुक्रस्थान् दोषांश्चाप्यपकर्षति||७१||
-अस्य मात्रांप्रयुञ्जीत योपरुन्ध्यान्न भोजनम्|
-अस्य प्रयोगाच्च्यवनःसुवृद्धोऽभूत्पुनर्युवा||७२||
-मेधां स्मृतिं कान्तिमनामयत्वमायुःप्रकर्षं बलमिन्द्रियाणाम्|
-स्त्रीषु प्रहर्षं परमग्निवृद्धिं वर्णप्रसादंपवनानुलोम्यम्||७३||
-रसायनस्यास्य नरः प्रयोगाल्लभेत जीर्णोऽपि कुटीप्रवेशात्|
+The Sanskrit term Rasayana is a combination of two terms. Rasa means the best or finest part or constituent fluid or essential juice of body.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Rasa, Page 869</ref> Ayana means going, circulating etc.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Ayana, Page 84</ref> Thus, Rasayana means the best constituent fluid circulating in the body.
-जराकृतं रूपमपास्य सर्वं बिभर्ति रूपं नवयौवनस्य||७४||
-(इति च्यवनप्राशः)|
-bilvō'gnimanthaḥ śyōnākaḥ kāśmaryaḥ pāṭalirbalā|
-parṇyaścatasraḥ pippalyaḥ śvadaṁṣṭrā br̥hatīdvayam||62||
-śr̥ṅgī tāmalakī drākṣā jīvantī puṣkarāguru|
-abhayā cāmr̥tā r̥ddhirjīvakarṣabhakau śaṭī||63||
-mustaṁ punarnavā mēdā sailā candanamutpalam|
-vidārī vr̥ṣamūlāni kākōlī kākanāsikā||64||
-ēṣāṁ palōnmitān bhāgāñchatānyāmalakasya ca|
-pañca dadyāttadaikadhyaṁ jaladrōṇē vipācayēt||65||
-jñātvā gatarasānyētānyauṣadhānyatha taṁ rasam|
-taccāmalakamuddhr̥tya niṣkulaṁ tailasarpiṣōḥ||66||
-paladvādaśakē bhr̥ṣṭvā dattvā cārdhatulāṁ bhiṣak|
-matsyaṇḍikāyāḥ pūtāyā lēhavatsādhu sādhayēt||67||
-ṣaṭpalaṁ madhunaścātra siddhaśītē pradāpayēt|
-catuṣpalaṁ tugākṣīryāḥ pippalīdvipalaṁ tathā||68||
-palamēkaṁ nidadhyācca tvagēlāpatrakēśarāt|
-ityayaṁ cyavanaprāśaḥ paramuktō rasāyanaḥ||69||
-kāsaśvāsaharaścaiva viśēṣēṇōpadiśyatē|
-kṣīṇakṣatānāṁ vr̥ddhānāṁ bālānāṁ cāṅgavardhanaḥ||70||
-svarakṣayamurōrōgaṁ hr̥drōgaṁ vātaśōṇitam|
-pipāsāṁ mūtraśukrasthān dōṣāṁścāpyapakarṣati||71||
-asya mātrāṁ prayuñjīta yōparundhyānna bhōjanam|
-asya prayōgāccyavanaḥ suvr̥ddhō'bhūt punaryuvā||72||
-mēdhāṁ smr̥tiṁ kāntimanāmayatvamāyuḥprakarṣaṁ balamindriyāṇām|
-strīṣu praharṣaṁ paramagnivr̥ddhiṁ varṇaprasādaṁ pavanānulōmyam||73||
-rasāyanasyāsya naraḥ prayōgāllabhēta jīrṇō'pi kuṭīpravēśāt|
-jarākr̥taṁ rūpamapāsya sarvaṁ bibharti rūpaṁnavayauvanasya||74||
-(iti cyavanaprāśaḥ)|
-bilvo~agnimanthaH shyonAkaH kAshmaryaH pATalirbalA|
-parNyashcatasraH pippalyaH shvadaMShTrA bRuhatIdvayam||62||
-shRu~ggI tAmalakI drAkShA jIvantI puShkarAguru|
-abhayA cAmRutA RuddhirjIvakarShabhakau shaTI||63||
-mustaM punarnavA medA sailA candanamutpalam|
-vidArI vRuShamUlAni kAkolI kAkanAsikA||64||
-eShAM palonmitAn bhAgA~jchatAnyAmalakasya ca|
-pa~jca dadyAttadaikadhyaM jaladroNe vipAcayet||65||
-j~jAtvA gatarasAnyetAnyauShadhAnyatha taM rasam|
-taccAmalakamuddhRutya niShkulaM tailasarpiShoH||66||
-paladvAdashake bhRuShTvA dattvA cArdhatulAM bhiShak|
-matsyaNDikAyAH pUtAyA lehavatsAdhu sAdhayet||67||
-ShaTpalaM madhunashcAtra siddhashIte pradApayet|
-catuShpalaM tugAkShIryAH pippalIdvipalaM tathA||68||
-palamekaM nidadhyAcca tvagelApatrakesharAt|
-ityayaM cyavanaprAshaH paramukto rasAyanaH||69||
-kAsashvAsaharashcaiva visheSheNopadishyate|
-kShINakShatAnAM vRuddhAnAM bAlAnAM cA~ggavardhanaH||70||
-svarakShayamurorogaM hRudrogaM vAtashoNitam|
-pipAsAM mUtrashukrasthAn doShAMshcApyapakarShati||71||
-asya mAtrAM prayu~jjIta yoparundhyAnna bhojanam|
-asya prayogAccyavanaH suvRuddho~abhUt punaryuvA||72||
-medhAM smRutiM kAntimanAmayatvamAyuHprakarShaM balamindriyANAm|
-strIShu praharShaM paramagnivRuddhiM varNaprasAdaM pavanAnulomyam||73||
-rasAyanasyAsya naraH prayogAllabheta jIrNo~api kuTIpraveshAt|
-jarAkRutaM rUpamapAsya sarvaM bibharti rUpaM navayauvanasya||74||
-(iti cyavanaprAshaH)|
-Gms of each of ''bilwa, agnimantha, shyonaka, kashmarya, patala, bala,'' four leaved herbs (''shalaparni, prishniparni, mudgaparni, mashaparni''), ''pippali, shvadamshtra, brihati, kantakari, karkatshringi, tamalaki, draksha, jivanti, pushkaramula, aguru, abhaya, amrita, riddhi, jivaka, rishabhaka, shati, musta, punarnava, meda, ela, chandana, utpala, vidari, vasa (roots), kakoli'' and ''kakanasa'' and 500 fruits of ''amalaki''– all these put together should be boiled in water measuring 100 litres 240 ml. when the drugs are extracted completely the decoction should be brought down. The fruits of ''amalaki'' also should be taken out and their seeds are removed. Then the fruit pulp should be fried in ''tila'' oil and ghee (mixed) in quantity of 480 gms. Now it should be cooked in the above decoction adding to it 2 kg of clean sugar candy and prepared into a linctus. When it is self cooked, 240 gms of honey should be added to it. in the end 160 gms ''twak, ela, patra'' and ''nagakeshara'' (combined together) should be added. This is the famous ''chyavanaprasha'', an excellent ''rasayana''. Particularly it alleviates cough and dyspnea, is useful for the wasted, injured and old people and promotes development of children. It alleviates hoarseness of voice, chest disease, heart disease, ''vatarakta'', thirst and disorders of urine and semen. It should be taken in the dose which does not interfere with the food intake and digestion. By consuming this ''rasayana'' preparation, the extremely old sage Chyavana regained youthful age. If this ''rasayana'' is used by the indoor method, even the old attains intellect, memory, luster, freedom from disease, longevity, strength of senses, sexual vigor, adequate ''agni'' function (digestion and metabolism), fairness of complexion and appropriate discharge of flatus. The consumer of this ''rasayana'' gets rid of senility and enjoys youthfulness. [62-74]
-===== ''Amalaka Rasayana'' =====
-अथामलकहरीतकीनामामलकबिभीतकानांहरीतकीबिभीतकानामामलकहरीतकीबिभीतकानां वा पलाशत्वगवनद्धानांमृदाऽवलिप्तानांकुकूलस्विन्नानामकुलकानां पलसहस्रमुलूखले सम्पोथ्य दधिघृतमधुपललतैलशर्करासंयुक्तं भक्षयेदनन्नभुग्यथोक्तेन विधिना; तस्यान्ते यवाग्वादिभिः प्रत्यवस्थापनम् अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनं सर्पिषा यवचूर्णैश्च, अयं च रसायनप्रयोगप्रकर्षो द्विस्तावदग्निबलमभिसमीक्ष्यप्रतिभोजनं यूषेण पयसा वा षष्टिकः ससर्पिष्कः, अतः परं यथासुखविहारः कामभक्ष्यः स्यात्| अनेन प्रयोगेणर्षयः पुनर्युवत्वमवापुर्बभूवुश्चानेकवर्षशतजीविनो निर्विकाराः परं शरीरबुद्धीन्द्रियबलसमुदिताश्चेरुश्चात्यन्तनिष्ठया तपः||७५|| (इतिचतुर्थामलकरसायनम्)|
-athāmalakaharītakīnāmāmalakabibhītakānāṁharītakībibhītakānāmāmalakaharītakībibhītakānāṁ vā palāśatvagavanaddhānāṁ mr̥dā'valiptānāṁ kukūlasvinnānāmakulakānāṁ palasahasramulūkhalē sampōthya dadhighr̥tamadhupalalatailaśarkarāsaṁyuktaṁbhakṣayēdanannabhugyathōktēnavidhinā; tasyāntē yavāgvādibhiḥ pratyavasthāpanam abhyaṅgōtsādanaṁ
-sarpiṣā yavacūrṇaiśca, ayaṁ ca rasāyanaprayōgaprakarṣō dvistāvadagnibalamabhisamīkṣyapratibhōjanaṁ yūṣēṇa payasā vā ṣaṣṭikaḥ sasarpiṣkaḥ, ataḥ paraṁ yathāsukhavihāraḥ kāmabhakṣyaḥ syāt| anēna prayōgēṇarṣayaḥ punaryuvatvamavāpurbabhūvuścānēkavarṣaśatajīvinō nirvikārāḥ paraṁ śarīrabuddhīndriyabalasamuditāścēruścātyantaniṣṭhayā tapaḥ||75||
-(iti caturthāmalakarasāyanam)|
-athAmalakaharItakInAmAmalakabibhItakAnAM harItakIbibhItakAnAmAmalakaharItakIbibhItakAnAM vA palAshatvagavanaddhAnAM mRudA~avaliptAnAMkukUlasvinnAnAmakulakAnAM palasahasramulUkhale sampothya dadhighRutamadhupalalatailasharkarAsaMyuktaM bhakShayedanannabhugyathoktena vidhinA;tasyAnte yavAgvAdibhiH pratyavasthApanam [1] , abhya~ggotsAdanaM sarpiShA yavacUrNaishca, ayaM ca rasAyanaprayogaprakarShodvistAvadagnibalamabhisamIkShya [2] , pratibhojanaM yUSheNa payasA vA ShaShTikaH sasarpiShkaH, ataH paraM yathAsukhavihAraH kAmabhakShyaH syAt|
-anena prayogeNarShayaH punaryuvatvamavApurbabhUvushcAnekavarShashatajIvino nirvikArAH paraMsharIrabuddhIndriyabalasamuditAshcerushcAtyantaniShThayA tapaH||75||
-(iti caturthAmalakarasAyanam)|
-The fruits of ''haritaki'' and ''amalaka'' or ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'', ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' should be wrapped with the bark of ''palasha'' tree and after having been pasted with mud should be cooked on charcoal. (when they are well cooked) their seeds be removed and 40 kg of this material should be pounded in a mortar and added with curd, ghee, honey, sesame paste, ''tila'' oil and sugar. This should be consumed on empty stomach by the above method. After the course of treatment, one should be brought back to its normal state by intake of gruel etc. he should also be massaged and anointed with ghee and barley powder. This is the limit of the use of the ''rasayana''. Keeping in view the power of digestion, he should be given diet consisting of ''swastika'' rice added with ghee along with soup or milk for the period double of the same for treatment. Thereafter he may move and eat according to pleasure. By this treatment, the sages regained youthfulness and attained disease free life of many hundreds of years, and endowed with the strength of physique, intellect and sense practiced penance with utmost devotion. (75)
-===== ''Haritaki'' formulation =====
-हरीतक्यामलकबिभीतकपञ्चपञ्चमूलनिर्यूहेपिप्पलीमधुकमधूककाकोलीक्षीरकाकोल्यात्मगुप्ताजीवकर्षभकक्षीरशुक्लाकल्कसम्प्रयुक्तेनविदारीस्वरसेनक्षीराष्टगुणसम्प्रयुक्तेन च सर्पिषः कुम्भं साधयित्वा प्रयुञ्जानोऽग्निबलसमांमात्रां जीर्णे च क्षीरसर्पिर्भ्यां शालिषष्टिकमुष्णोदकानुपानमश्नञ्जराव्याधिपापाभिचारव्यपगतभयःशरीरेन्द्रियबुद्धिबलमतुलमुपलभ्याप्रतिहतसर्वारम्भःपरमायुरनवाप्नुयात्|७६||
-(इति पञ्चमो हरीतकीयोगः)|
-harītakyāmalakabibhītakapañcapañcamūlaniryūhēpippalīmadhukamadhūkakākōlīkṣīrakākōlyātmaguptājīvakarṣabhakakṣīraśuklākalkasamprayuktēnavidārīsvarasēna kṣīrāṣṭaguṇasamprayuktēna ca sarpiṣaḥ kumbhaṁ sādhayitvā prayuñjānō'gnibalasamāṁ mātrāṁ jīrṇē ca kṣīrasarpirbhyāṁśāliṣaṣṭikamuṣṇōdakānupānamaśnañjarāvyādhipāpābhicāravyapagatabhayaḥśarīrēndriyabuddhibalamatulamupalabhyāpratihatasarvārambhaḥ paramāyuranavāpnuyāt||76||
-(iti pañcamō harītakīyōgaḥ)|
-harItakyAmalakabibhItakapa~jcapa~jcamUlaniryUhe pippalImadhukamadhUkakAkolIkShIrakAkolyAtmaguptAjIvakarShabhakakShIrashuklAkalkasamprayuktenavidArIsvarasena kShIrAShTaguNasamprayuktena ca sarpiShaH kumbhaM sAdhayitvA prayu~jjAno~agnibalasamAM [1] mAtrAM jIrNe ca kShIrasarpirbhyAMshAliShaShTikamuShNodakAnupAnamashna~jjarAvyAdhipApAbhicAravyapagatabhayaH sharIrendriyabuddhibalamatulamupalabhyApratihatasarvArambhaHparamAyuranavApnuyAt||76||
-(iti pa~jcamo harItakIyogaH)|
-The decoction of ''haritaki, amalaka, bibhitaka,'' and five root pentads added with the paste of ''pippali, madhuka, kakoli, ksheerakakoli,'' ''atmagupta, jeevaka, rshabhaka and ksheeravidari,'' then juice of ''vidari'' and eight times milk is added to ghee in quantity of 20 kg 480 gms and cooked properly. One should use it in proper dose according to his digestive capacity. After the drug is digested, he should take the diet consisting of ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice along with milk and ghee with the after drink of warm water.
-By this one becomes free from the fear of old age, diseases, afflictions and spells and attaining amazing bodily strength. His senses and intellect become unobstructed in all his activities and he enjoys full life span.[76]
-हरीतक्यामलकबिभीतकहरिद्रास्थिराबलाविडङ्गामृतवल्लीविश्वभेषजमधुकपिप्पलीसोमवल्कसिद्धेन क्षीरसर्पिषा मधुशर्कराभ्यामपि च सन्नीयामलकस्वरसशतपरिपीतमामलकचूर्णमयश्चूर्णचतुर्भागसम्प्रयुक्तंपाणितलमात्रं प्रातः प्रातः प्राश्य यथोक्तेन विधिना सायं मुद्गयूषेण पयसा वा ससर्पिष्कंशालिषष्टिकान्नमश्नीयात्, त्रिवर्षप्रयोगादस्य वर्षशतमजरं वयस्तिष्ठति,श्रुतमवतिष्ठते, सर्वामयाः प्रशाम्यन्ति, विषमविषं भवति गात्रे, गात्रमश्मवत्स्थिरीभवति, अधृष्यो भूतानांभवति||७७||
-harītakyāmalakabibhītakaharidrāsthirābalāviḍaṅgāmr̥tavallīviśvabhēṣajamadhukapippalīsōmavalkasiddhēna kṣīrasarpiṣāmadhuśarkarābhyāmapi ca sannīyāmalakasvarasaśataparipītamāmalakacūrṇamayaścūrṇacaturbhāgasamprayuktaṁ pāṇitalamātraṁ prātaḥ prātaḥ prāśya yathōktēna vidhinā sāyaṁ mudgayūṣēṇa payasā vā sasarpiṣkaṁ śāliṣaṣṭikānnamaśnīyāt, trivarṣaprayōgādasya varṣaśatamajaraṁ vayastiṣṭhati, śrutamavatiṣṭhatē, sarvāmayāḥ praśāmyanti, viṣamaviṣaṁ bhavati gātrē, gātramaśmavat sthirībhavati, adhr̥ṣyō bhūtānāṁbhavati||77||
-harItakyAmalakabibhItakaharidrAsthirAbalAviDa~ggAmRutavallIvishvabheShajamadhukapippalIsomavalkasiddhena [1] kShIrasarpiShA madhusharkarAbhyAmapi casannIyAmalakasvarasashataparipItamAmalakacUrNamayashcUrNacaturbhAgasamprayuktaM pANitalamAtraM prAtaH prAtaH prAshya yathoktena vidhinA sAyaMmudgayUSheNa payasA vA sasarpiShkaM shAliShaShTikAnnamashnIyAt, trivarShaprayogAdasya varShashatamajaraM vayastiShThati, shrutamavatiShThate,sarvAmayAH prashAmyanti, viShamaviShaM bhavati gAtre, gAtramashmavat sthirIbhavati, adhRuShyo bhUtAnAM bhavati||77||
-Ghee extracted from milk is cooked with ''haritaki, amalaka, bibhitaka, haridra, sthira, bala, vidanga, amritavalli, vishvabheshaja, madhuka,'' ''pippali'' and ''katphala''. This (ghee) along with honey and sugar is mixed with the ''amalaka'' powder impregnated hundred times with the juice of ''amalaka'' fruits and added with iron powder in ¼ quantity. 10 gms of this formulation should be taken in every morning by the above method. In the evening, patient should take diet consisting of ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice added with ghee along with the green gram soup or milk. If this formulation is used regularly for three years, the person attains a life span of hundred years free from old age, acquires knowledge, his diseases are alleviated, poison becomes in-effective in his body which is rendered as stone and he becomes invincible for the organisms. [77]
-===== Summary =====
-भवन्तिचात्र-
-यथाऽमराणाममृतं यथा भोगवतांसुधा|
-तथाऽभवन्महर्षीणां रसायनविधिपुरा||७८||
-न जरां न च दौर्बल्यं नातुर्यं निधनं न च|
-जग्मुर्वर्षसहस्राणि रसायनपराः पुरा||७९||
-न केवलं दीर्घमिहायुरश्नुते रसायनं योविधिवन्निषेवते|
-गतिं स देवर्षिनिषेवितां शुभां प्रपद्यते ब्रह्म तथेति चाक्षयम्||८०||
-bhavanticātra-
-yathā'marāṇāmamr̥taṁ yathā bhōgavatāṁ sudhā|
-tathā'bhavanmaharṣīṇāṁ rasāyanavidhiḥpurā||78||
-na jarāṁ na ca daurbalyaṁ nāturyaṁ nidhanaṁ na ca|
-jagmurvarṣasahasrāṇi rasāyanaparāḥ purā||79||
-na kēvalaṁ dīrghamihāyuraśnutē rasāyanaṁ yō vidhivanniṣēvatē|
-gatiṁ sa dēvarṣiniṣēvitāṁ śubhāṁ prapadyatē brahma athēti cākṣayam||80||
-bhavanti cAtra-
-yathA~amarANAmamRutaM yathA bhogavatAM sudhA|
-tathA~abhavanmaharShINAM rasAyanavidhiH purA||78||
-na jarAM na ca daurbalyaM nAturyaM nidhanaM na ca|
-jagmurvarShasahasrANi rasAyanaparAH purA||79||
-na kevalaM dIrghamihAyurashnute rasAyanaM yo vidhivanniShevate|
-gatiM sa devarShiniShevitAM shubhAM prapadyate brahma tatheti cAkShayam [2] ||80||
-Here are the verses-
-As was nectar for the Gods and ambrosia for the serpents so was the ''rasayana'' treatment for the great sages in early times. The individuals using ''rasayana'' treatment in the early ages lived for thousands of years unaffected by senescence, debility, illness and death.
-One who uses the ''rasayana'' treatment methodically attains not only longevity but also the auspicious status enjoyed by the godly sages and finally oneness with indestructible God. [78-80]
-तत्रश्लोकः-
-अभयामलकीयेऽस्मिन् षड्योगाः परिकीर्तिताः|
-रसायनानां सिद्धानामायुर्यैरनुवर्तते||८१||
-tatra ślōkaḥ-
-abhayāmalakīyē'smin ṣaḍyōgāḥ parikīrtitāḥ|
-rasāyanānāṁ siddhānāmāyuryairanuvartatē||81||
-tatra shlokaH-
-abhayAmalakIye~asmin ShaDyogAH parikIrtitAH|
-rasAyanAnAM siddhAnAmAyuryairanuvartate||81||
-Now the summing up verse-
-Thus, in the quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. six accomplished ''rasayana'' formulations have been described which promote life.[81]
-इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेचिकित्सास्थानेरसायनाध्यायेऽभयामलकीयो नाम रसायनपादः प्रथमः||१||
-ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē cikitsāsthānē rasāyanādhyāyē'bhayāmalakīyō nāma rasāyanapādaḥ prathamaḥ||1||
-ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute cikitsAsthAne rasAyanAdhyAye~abhayAmalakIyo nAma rasAyanapAdaH prathamaH||1||
-Thus ends the first quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. in the chapter on ''rasayana'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed of Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka. [1]
-==== Part II- ''Pranakamiyam Rasayanapadam'' ====
-अथातः प्राणकामीयं रसायनपादं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
-इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
-athātaḥ prāṇakāmīyaṁ rasāyanapādaṁvyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
-iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
-athAtaH prANakAmIyaM rasAyanapAdaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
-iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
-Now I shall deliberate on the quarter of the chapter on ''Rasayana'' on desire for vital breath etc. As propounded by Lord Atreya. [1-2]
-===== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' and effects of domestic food and lifestyle =====
-प्राणकामाःशुश्रूषध्वमिदमुच्यमानममृतमिवापरमदितिसुतहितकरमचिन्त्याद्भुतप्रभावमायुष्यमारोग्यकरं वयसः स्थापनं निद्रातन्द्राश्रमक्लमालस्यदौर्बल्यापहरमनिलकफपित्तसाम्यकरंस्थैर्यकरमबद्धमांसहरमन्तरग्निसन्धुक्षणं प्रभावर्णस्वरोत्तमकरं रसायनविधानम्| अनेन च्यवनादयो महर्षयः पुनर्युवत्वमापुर्नारीणां चेष्टतमा बभूवुः, स्थिरसमसुविभक्तमांसाः, सुसंहतस्थिरशरीराः, सुप्रसन्नबलवर्णेन्द्रियाः, सर्वत्राप्रतिहतपराक्रमाः, क्लेशसहाश्च| सर्वे शरीरदोषा भवन्ति ग्राम्याहारादम्ललवणकटुकक्षारशुष्कशाकमांसतिलपललपिष्टान्नभोजिनांविरूढनवशूकशमीधान्यविरुद्धासात्म्यरूक्षक्षाराभिष्यन्दिभोजिनांक्लिन्नगुरुपूतिपर्युषितभोजिनां विषमाध्यशनप्रायाणां दिवास्वप्नस्त्रीमद्यनित्यानांविषमातिमात्रव्यायामसङ्क्षोभितशरीराणांभयक्रोधशोकलोभमोहायासबहुलानाम्; अतोनिमित्तं  हि शिथिलीभवन्ति मांसानि, विमुच्यन्ते सन्धयः, विदह्यते रक्तं, विष्यन्दते चानल्पं मेदः, नसन्धीयतेऽस्थिषुमज्जा, शुक्रं न प्रवर्तते, क्षयमुपैत्योजः; स एवम्भूतो ग्लायति, सीदति, निद्रातन्द्रालस्यसमन्वितो निरुत्साहः श्वसिति, असमर्थश्चेष्टानां शारीरमानसीनां, नष्टस्मृतिबुद्धिच्छायो रोगाणामधिष्ठानभूतो न सर्वमायुरवाप्नोति| तस्मादेतान् दोषानवेक्षमाणः सर्वान् यथोक्तानहितानपास्याहारविहारान् रसायनानि प्रयोक्तुमर्हतीत्युक्त्वा भगवान् पुनर्वसुरात्रेय उवाच-||३||
-Prāṇakāmāḥśuśrūṣadhvamidamucyamānamamr̥tamivāparamaditisutahitakaramacintyādbhutaprabhāvamāyuṣyamārōgyakaraṁ vayasaḥ sthāpanaṁ nidrātandrāśramaklamālasyadaurbalyāpaharamanilakaphapittasāmyakaraṁ
-sthairyakaramabaddhamāṁsaharamantaragnisandhukṣaṇaṁprabhāvarṇasvarōttamakaraṁ rasāyanavidhānam| anēna cyavanādayō maharṣayaḥ punaryuvatvamāpurnārīṇāṁ cēṣṭatamā babhūvuḥ, sthirasamasuvibhaktamāṁsāḥ, susaṁhatasthiraśarīrāḥ, suprasannabalavarṇēndriyāḥ, sarvatrāpratihataparākramāḥ, klēśasahāśca| sarvē śarīradōṣā bhavanti grāmyāhārādamlalavaṇakaṭukakṣāraśuṣkaśākamāṁsatilapalalapiṣṭānnabhōjināṁvirūḍhanavaśūkaśamīdhānyaviruddhāsātmyarūkṣakṣārābhiṣyandibhōjināṁ klinnagurupūtiparyuṣitabhōjināṁ viṣamādhyaśanaprāyāṇāṁ divāsvapnastrīmadyanityānāṁviṣamātimātravyāyāmasaṅkṣōbhitaśarīrāṇāṁ bhayakrōdhaśōkalōbhamōhāyāsabahulānām; atōnimittaṁ hi śithilībhavanti māṁsāni, vimucyantē sandhayaḥ, vidahyatē raktaṁ, viṣyandatē cānalpaṁ mēdaḥ, na sandhīyatē'sthiṣu majjā, śukraṁ na pravartatē, kṣayamupaityōjaḥ; sa ēvambhūtō glāyati, sīdati, nidrātandrālasyasamanvitō nirutsāhaḥ śvasiti, asamarthaścēṣṭānāṁ śārīramānasīnāṁ, naṣṭasmr̥tibuddhicchāyō rōgāṇāmadhiṣṭhānabhūtō na sarvamāyuravāpnōti| tasmādētān dōṣānavēkṣamāṇaḥ sarvān yathōktānahitānapāsyāhāravihārān rasāyanāni prayōktumarhatītyuktvā bhagavān punarvasurātrēya uvāca-||3||
-prANakAmAH shushrUShadhvamidamucyamAnamamRutamivAparamaditisutahitakaramacintyAdbhutaprabhAvamAyuShyamArogyakaraM vayasaH sthApanaMnidrAtandrAshramaklamAlasyadaurbalyApaharamanilakaphapittasAmyakaraM sthairyakaramabaddhamAMsaharamantaragnisandhukShaNaMprabhAvarNasvarottamakaraM rasAyanavidhAnam|
-anena cyavanAdayo maharShayaH punaryuvatvamApurnArINAM ceShTatamA babhUvuH, sthirasamasuvibhaktamAMsAH, susaMhatasthirasharIrAH,suprasannabalavarNendriyAH, sarvatrApratihataparAkramAH, kleshasahAshca|
-sarve sharIradoShA bhavanti grAmyAhArAdamlalavaNakaTukakShArashuShkashAkamAMsatilapalalapiShTAnnabhojinAM [1]virUDhanavashUkashamIdhAnyaviruddhAsAtmyarUkShakShArAbhiShyandibhojinAM klinnagurupUtiparyuShitabhojinAM viShamAdhyashanaprAyANAMdivAsvapnastrImadyanityAnAM viShamAtimAtravyAyAmasa~gkShobhitasharIrANAM bhayakrodhashokalobhamohAyAsabahulAnAm; atonimittaM [2] hishithilIbhavanti mAMsAni, vimucyante sandhayaH, vidahyate raktaM, viShyandate cAnalpaM medaH, na sandhIyate~asthiShu majjA, shukraM na pravartate,kShayamupaityojaH; sa evambhUto glAyati, sIdati, nidrAtandrAlasyasamanvito nirutsAhaH shvasiti, asamarthashceShTAnAM shArIramAnasInAM,naShTasmRutibuddhicchAyo rogANAmadhiShThAnabhUto na sarvamAyuravApnoti|
-tasmAdetAn doShAnavekShamANaH sarvAn yathoktAnahitAnapAsyAhAravihArAn rasAyanAni prayoktumarhatItyuktvA bhagavAn punarvasurAtreya uvAca-||3||
-Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of ''rasayana'' therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''ojas'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the ''rasayana'' treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]
-===== ''Amalaki'' ghee =====
-आमलकानां सुभूमिजानांकालजानामनुपहतगन्धवर्णरसानामापूर्णरसप्रमाणवीर्याणां स्वरसेन पुनर्नवाकल्कपादसम्प्रयुक्तेन सर्पिषः साधयेदाढकम्, अतः परं विदारीस्वरसेन जीवन्तीकल्कसम्प्रयुक्तेन, अतः परं चतुर्गुणेन पयसा बलातिबलाकषायेण शतावरीकल्कसंयुक्तेन; अनेन क्रमेणैकैकं शतपाकं सहस्रपाकं वा शर्कराक्षौद्रचतुर्भागसम्प्रयुक्तं सौवर्णे राजते मार्तिके वा शुचौ दृढे घृतभाविते कुम्भे स्थापयेत्; तद्यथोक्तेन विधिना यथाग्नि प्रातः प्रातः प्रयोजयेत्, जीर्णे च क्षीरसर्पिर्भ्यांशालिषष्टिकमश्नीयात्| अस्य प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतं वयोऽजरं तिष्ठति, श्रुतमवतिष्ठते, सर्वामयाः प्रशाम्यन्ति, अप्रतिहतगतिः स्त्रीषु, अपत्यवान् भवतीति||४||
-भवतश्चात्र-
-बृहच्छरीरं गिरिसारसारं स्थिरेन्द्रियं चातिबलेन्द्रियं च|
-अधृष्यमन्यैरतिकान्तरूपं प्रशस्तिपूजासुखचित्तभाक् च||५||
-बलं महद्वर्णविशुद्धिरग्र्या स्वरो घनौघस्तनितानुकारी|
-भवत्यपत्यं विपुलं स्थिरं च समश्नतो योगमिमं नरस्य||६||
-(इत्यामलकघृतम्)|
-āmalakānāṁ subhūmijānāṁ kālajānāmanupahatagandhavarṇarasānāmāpūrṇarasapramāṇavīryāṇāṁsvarasēna punarnavākalkapādasamprayuktēna sarpiṣaḥ sādhayēdāḍhakam, ataḥ paraṁ vidārīsvarasēna jīvantīkalkasamprayuktēna, ataḥ paraṁ caturguṇēna payasā balātibalākaṣāyēṇa śatāvarīkalkasaṁyuktēna; anēna kramēṇaikaikaṁ śatapākaṁ sahasrapākaṁ vā śarkarākṣaudracaturbhāgasamprayuktaṁ sauvarṇē rājatē mārtikē vā śucau dr̥ḍhē ghr̥tabhāvitē kumbhē sthāpayēt; tadyathōktēna vidhinā yathāgni prātaḥ prātaḥ prayōjayēt, jīrṇē ca kṣīrasarpirbhyāṁ śāliṣaṣṭikamaśnīyāt| asya prayōgādvarṣaśataṁ vayō'jaraṁ tiṣṭhati, śrutamavatiṣṭhatē, sarvāmayāḥ praśāmyanti, apratihatagatiḥ strīṣu, apatyavān bhavatīti||4||
-bhavataścātra-
-br̥haccharīraṁ girisārasāraṁ sthirēndriyaṁ cātibalēndriyaṁ ca|
-adhr̥ṣyamanyairatikāntarūpaṁ praśastipūjāsukhacittabhāk ca||5||
-balaṁ mahadvarṇaviśuddhiragryā svarō ghanaughastanitānukārī|
-bhavatyapatyaṁ vipulaṁ sthiraṁ ca samaśnatō yōgamimaṁ narasya||6||
-(ityāmalakaghr̥tam)|
-AmalakAnAM subhUmijAnAM kAlajAnAmanupahatagandhavarNarasAnAmApUrNarasapramANavIryANAM svarasena punarnavAkalkapAdasamprayuktena sarpiShaHsAdhayedADhakam, ataH paraM vidArIsvarasena jIvantIkalkasamprayuktena, ataH paraM caturguNena payasA balAtibalAkaShAyeNa shatAvarIkalkasaMyuktena;anena krameNaikaikaM shatapAkaM sahasrapAkaM vA sharkarAkShaudracaturbhAgasamprayuktaM sauvarNe rAjate mArtike vA shucau dRuDhe ghRutabhAvitekumbhe sthApayet; tadyathoktena vidhinA yathAgni prAtaH prAtaH prayojayet, jIrNe ca kShIrasarpirbhyAM shAliShaShTikamashnIyAt|
-asya prayogAdvarShashataM vayo~ajaraM tiShThati, shrutamavatiShThate, sarvAmayAH prashAmyanti, apratihatagatiH strIShu, apatyavAn bhavatIti||4||
-bhavatashcAtra-
-bRuhaccharIraM girisArasAraM sthirendriyaM cAtibalendriyaM ca|
-adhRuShyamanyairatikAntarUpaM prashastipUjAsukhacittabhAk ca||5||
-balaM mahadvarNavishuddhiragryA svaro ghanaughastanitAnukArI|
-bhavatyapatyaM vipulaM sthiraM ca samashnato yogamimaM narasya||6||
-(ityAmalakaghRutam)|
-Two kg 560 gms of ghee should be cooked with juice of ''amalaka'' fruit grown in a good soil and time, possessing unaffected smell, color and taste, which are mature with taste, size and potency, along with one fourth quantity of ''punarnava''. There after the process should be repeated with the juice of ''vidari'', along with the paste of ''jeevanti'', thereafter with the four times the quantity of milk and decoction of ''bala'' and ''atibala'' along with the paste of ''shatavari''. In this way the ghee should be cooked with each method hundred or thousand times. The prepared ghee should be added with one forth quantity of sugar and honey and be kept in a pitcher- golden, silver or earthen- which is clean, strong and lubricated with ghee. This should be used regularly by the said method every morning according to one’s digestive capacity. When the drug is digested, diet of ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice along with milk and ghee should be taken. By consumption of this preparation life span stands for hundred years devoid of old age, optimum cognitive ability is retained, all diseases are alleviated, one attains uninterrupted sexual vigor in women and is also blessed with pregnancy and progeny.
-Here are the verses-
-If the person uses this preparation properly he attains big body, compactness like essence of mountains, firm and strong sense organs, invincibility, charming look, popularity, respect, happiness and intellect. Moreover, by this strength he becomes great, complexion gets excellently purified, voice becomes like imitating the rumbling of dense thunder clouds, and the person is blessed with a large and stable progeny. [4-6]
-===== ''Amalaki Avaleha'' =====
-आमलकसहस्रं पिप्पलीसहस्रसम्प्रयुक्तं पलाशतरुणक्षारोदकोत्तरं तिष्ठेत्, तदनुगतक्षारोदकमनातपशुष्कमनस्थि चूर्णीकृतं चतुर्गुणाभ्यां मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां सन्नीय शर्कराचूर्णचतुर्भागसम्प्रयुक्तं घृतभाजनस्थं षण्मासान् स्थापयेदन्तर्भूमेः| तस्योत्तरकालमग्निबलसमां मात्रां खादेत्, पौर्वाह्णिकः प्रयोगो नापराह्णिकः, सात्म्यापेक्षश्चाहारविधिः| अस्य प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमजरं वयस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||७||
-(इत्यामलकावलेहः)|
-āmalakasahasraṁ pippalīsahasrasamprayuktaṁ palāśataruṇakṣārōdakōttaraṁ
-tiṣṭhēt, tadanugatakṣārōdakamanātapaśuṣkamanasthi cūrṇīkr̥taṁ caturguṇābhyāṁ madhusarpirbhyāṁ sannīya śarkarācūrṇacaturbhāgasamprayuktaṁ ghr̥tabhājanasthaṁ ṣaṇmāsān sthāpayēdantarbhūmēḥ| tasyōttarakālamagnibalasamāṁ mātrāṁ khādēt, paurvāhṇikaḥ prayōgō nāparāhṇikaḥ, sātmyāpēkṣaścāhāravidhiḥ| asya prayōgādvarṣaśatamajaraṁ vayastiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||7||
-(ityāmalakāvalēhaḥ)|
-AmalakasahasraM pippalIsahasrasamprayuktaM palAshataruNakShArodakottaraM tiShThet, tadanugatakShArodakamanAtapashuShkamanasthi cUrNIkRutaMcaturguNAbhyAM madhusarpirbhyAM sannIya sharkarAcUrNacaturbhAgasamprayuktaM ghRutabhAjanasthaM ShaNmAsAn sthApayedantarbhUmeH|
-tasyottarakAlamagnibalasamAM mAtrAM khAdet, paurvAhNikaH prayogo nAparAhNikaH, sAtmyApekShashcAhAravidhiH|
-asya prayogAdvarShashatamajaraM vayastiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||7||
-(ityAmalakAvalehaH)|
-One thousand fruits of ''amalaki'' along with the same numbers of fruits of ''pippali'' should be dipped in to alkaline water prepared from the young ''palasha'' tree. After taking them out they should be dried in shade after removing seeds and powdered. This powder mixed with four times honey and ghee and stored underground for six months. Thereafter one should take its dose according to his digestive capacity only in forenoon and not in afternoon. The diet should be according to suitability. By its use, one attains the stable life span of hundred years without enduring senility. The other beneficial effects are as described earlier. [7]
-===== ''Amalaki'' powder =====
-आमलकचूर्णाढकमेकविंशतिरात्रमामलकस्वरसपरिपीतं मधुघृताढकाभ्यां द्वाभ्यामेकीकृतमष्टभागपिप्पलीकं शर्कराचूर्णचतुर्भागसम्प्रयुक्तं घृतभाजनस्थं प्रावृषि भस्मराशौ
-निदध्यात्; तद्वर्षान्ते सात्म्यपथ्याशी प्रयोजयेत्; अस्य प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमजरमायुस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||८||
-(इत्यामलकचूर्णम्)|
-āmalakacūrṇāḍhakamēkaviṁśatirātramāmalakasvarasaparipītaṁmadhughr̥tāḍhakābhyāṁ dvābhyāmēkīkr̥tamaṣṭabhāgapippalīkaṁ śarkarācūrṇacaturbhāgasamprayuktaṁ ghr̥tabhājanasthaṁ prāvr̥ṣi bhasmarāśau nidadhyāt; tadvarṣāntē sātmyapathyāśī prayōjayēt; asya prayōgādvarṣaśatamajaramāyustiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||8||
-(ityāmalakacūrṇam)|
-AmalakacUrNADhakamekaviMshatirAtramAmalakasvarasaparipItaM madhughRutADhakAbhyAM dvAbhyAmekIkRutamaShTabhAgapippalIkaMsharkarAcUrNacaturbhAgasamprayuktaM ghRutabhAjanasthaM prAvRuShi bhasmarAshau nidadhyAt; tadvarShAnte sAtmyapathyAshI prayojayet; asyaprayogAdvarShashatamajaramAyustiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||8||
-(ityAmalakacUrNam)|
-Powder of ''amalaki'' fruits in quantity of 2 kg 560 gms is impregnated with ''amalaki'' fruits juice for twenty-one days and nights. This should be mixed with honey and ghee in the quantity of 5 kg 120 gms and added with ''pippali'' in one eighth quantity and fine sugar in one fourth quantity. This preparation now should be kept in a container lined with ghee and stored in early rains under a heap of ashes. After the rainy season is over, this should be uncovered and be used along with suitable and wholesome diet. This provides a stable life span of one hundred years devoid of senility. Other impacts affordable from this medication are as described earlier. [8]
-===== ''Vidanga Avaleha'' =====
-विडङ्गतण्डुलचूर्णानामाढकमाढकं पिप्पलीतण्डुलानामध्यर्धाढकं सितोपलायाः सर्पिस्तैलमध्वाढकैः षड्भिरेकीकृतं घृतभाजनस्थं प्रावृषि भस्मराशाविति सर्वं समानं पूर्वेण यावदाशीः||९||
-(इति विडङ्गावलेहः)|
-viḍaṅgataṇḍulacūrṇānāmāḍhakamāḍhakaṁpippalītaṇḍulānāmadhyardhāḍhakaṁ sitōpalāyāḥ sarpistailamadhvāḍhakaiḥ ṣaḍbhirēkīkr̥taṁ ghr̥tabhājanasthaṁ prāvr̥ṣi bhasmarāśāviti sarvaṁ samānaṁ pūrvēṇa yāvadāśīḥ||9||
-(iti viḍaṅgāvalēhaḥ)|
+==Definition==
-viDa~ggataNDulacUrNAnAmADhakamADhakaM pippalItaNDulAnAmadhyardhADhakaM sitopalAyAH sarpistailamadhvADhakaiH ShaDbhirekIkRutaMghRutabhAjanasthaM prAvRuShi bhasmarAshAviti sarvaM samAnaM pUrveNa yAvadAshIH||9||
+Rasayana is the treatment that delays the ageing process, increases life span, memory, strength and is capable of pacifying diseases. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 1/15]<ref name=Susruta/> It is aimed to achieve optimum quality of body constituents ([[dhatu]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/8]
-(iti viDa~ggAvalehaH)|
+==Classification==
-Powder of ''vidanga'' and ''pippali'' fruits each 2 kg 560 gms, sugar-candy 3 kg 840 gms, ghee, oil and honey together 15 kg 360 gms – all are mixed together and kept in a pot lined with ghee and stored in early rains under a heap of ashes. The therapeutic effects are as mentioned earlier. [9]
+'''Based on the method of administration:'''
+#Indoor admission regimen (kutipraveshika)
+#Outdoor regimen (vataatapika)
-===== ''Amalaka Avaleha'' =====
+. Indoor admission regimen (kutipraveshika): The rasayana therapy is administered in a specially constructed chamber (kuti). The person is isolated in the chamber. Strict regulations in diet, mental and physical activities are prescribed with a suitably controlled atmosphere.[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/17-23] The therapy is wholly focused on physical, mental and spiritual upliftment of the person avoiding all external factors that can affect health. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]1/3/8]
-यथोक्तगुणानामामलकानां सहस्रमार्द्रपलाशद्रोण्यां सपिधानायां बाष्पमनुद्वमन्त्यामारण्यगोमयाग्निभिरुपस्वेदयेत्, तानि सुस्विन्नशीतान्युद्धृतकुलकान्यापोथ्याढकेन पिप्पलीचूर्णानामाढकेन च विडङ्गतण्डुलचूर्णानामध्यर्धेन चाढकेन शर्कराया द्वाभ्यां द्वाभ्यामाढकाभ्यां तैलस्य मधुनः सर्पिषश्च संयोज्य शुचौ दृढे घृतभाविते कुम्भे स्थापयेदेकविंशतिरात्रम्, अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रयोगः; अस्य
-प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमजरमायुस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||१०|||
-(इत्यामलकावलेहोऽपरः)|
-yathōktaguṇānāmāmalakānāṁ sahasramārdrapalāśadrōṇyāṁ sapidhānāyāṁ
-bāṣpamanudvamantyāmāraṇyagōmayāgnibhirupasvēdayēt, tāni susvinnaśītānyuddhr̥takulakānyāpōthyāḍhakēna pippalīcūrṇānāmāḍhakēna caviḍaṅgataṇḍulacūrṇānāmadhyardhēna cāḍhakēna śarkarāyā dvābhyāṁ dvābhyāmāḍhakābhyāṁ tailasya madhunaḥ sarpiṣaśca saṁyōjya śucau dr̥ḍhē ghr̥tabhāvitē kumbhē sthāpayēdēkaviṁśatirātram, ata ūrdhvaṁ prayōgaḥ; asya prayōgādvarṣaśatamajaramāyustiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||10||
-(ityāmalakāvalēhō'paraḥ)|
-yathoktaguNAnAmAmalakAnAM sahasramArdrapalAshadroNyAM sapidhAnAyAM bAShpamanudvamantyAmAraNyagomayAgnibhirupasvedayet, tAnisusvinnashItAnyuddhRutakulakAnyApothyADhakena pippalIcUrNAnAmADhakena ca viDa~ggataNDulacUrNAnAmadhyardhena cADhakena sharkarAyA dvAbhyAMdvAbhyAmADhakAbhyAM tailasya madhunaH sarpiShashca saMyojya shucau dRuDhe ghRutabhAvite kumbhe sthApayedekaviMshatirAtram, ata UrdhvaM prayogaH;asya prayogAdvarShashatamajaramAyustiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||10||
-(ityAmalakAvaleho~aparaH)|
-One thousand ''amalaka'' fruits having aforesaid qualities should be heated in a covered tub made of fresh ''palasha'' wood which does not emit vapour with wild cow dung fire. When they are heated properly and when self cooled their seeds should be removed and the remaining material should be crushed. Thereafter ''pippali'' powder 2 kg 560 gms, ''vidanga'' powder 2 kg 560 gms, sugar 3 kg 840 gms, oil, honey and ghee each 5 kg 120 gms should be added to it. The preparation then should be kept in a clean and strong container laced with ghee and stored for twenty one days and nights. Thereafter it should be used. By its use, life span of one hundred years stands devoid of senility, other impacts are as said before. [10]
-===== ''Nagabala Rasayana'' =====
-धन्वनि कुशास्तीर्णे स्निग्धकृष्णमधुरमृत्तिके सुवर्णवर्णमृत्तिके वा व्यपगतविषश्वापदपवनसलिलाग्निदोषे कर्षणवल्मीकश्मशानचैत्योषरावसथवर्जिते देशे यथर्तुसुखपवनसलिलादित्यसेविते जातान्यनुपहतान्यनध्यारूढान्यबालान्यजीर्णान्यधिगतवीर्याणि शीर्णपुराणपर्णान्यसञ्जातान्यपर्णानि तपसि तपस्ये वा मासे शुचिः प्रयतः कृतदेवार्चनः स्वस्ति वाचयित्वा द्विजातीन् चले सुमुहूर्ते नागबलामूलान्युद्धरेत्, तेषां सुप्रक्षालितानां त्वक्पिण्डमाम्रमात्रमक्षमात्रं वा श्लक्ष्णपिष्टमालोड्य पयसा प्रातः प्रयोजयेत्, चूर्णीकृतानि वा पिबेत् पयसा, मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां वा संयोज्यभक्षयेत्, जीर्णे च क्षीरसर्पिर्भ्यां शालिषष्टिकमश्नीयात्| संवत्सरप्रयोगादस्य वर्षशतमजरं वयस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||११||
-(इति नागबलारसायनम्)|
-dhanvani kuśāstīrṇē snigdhakr̥ṣṇamadhuramr̥ttikē suvarṇavarṇamr̥ttikē vā vyapagataviṣaśvāpadapavanasalilāgnidōṣēkarṣaṇavalmīkaśmaśānacaityōṣarāvasathavarjitē dēśē yathartusukhapavanasalilādityasēvitē jātānyanupahatānyanadhyārūḍhānyabālānyajīrṇānyadhigatavīryāṇiśīrṇapurāṇaparṇānyasañjātānyaparṇānitapasi tapasyē vā māsē śuciḥ prayataḥ kr̥tadēvārcanaḥ svasti vācayitvā dvijātīn calē sumuhūrtē nāgabalāmūlānyuddharēt, tēṣāṁ suprakṣālitānāṁ tvakpiṇḍamāmramātramakṣamātraṁ vā ślakṣṇapiṣṭamālōḍya payasā prātaḥ prayōjayēt, cūrṇīkr̥tāni vā pibēt payasā, madhusarpirbhyāṁ vā saṁyōjya bhakṣayēt, jīrṇē ca kṣīrasarpirbhyāṁ śāliṣaṣṭikamaśnīyāt| saṁvatsaraprayōgādasya varṣaśatamajaraṁ vayastiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||11||
-(iti nāgabalārasāyanam)|
-dhanvani kushAstIrNe snigdhakRuShNamadhuramRuttike suvarNavarNamRuttike vA vyapagataviShashvApadapavanasalilAgnidoShekarShaNavalmIkashmashAnacaityoSharAvasathavarjite deshe yathartusukhapavanasalilAdityasevitejAtAnyanupahatAnyanadhyArUDhAnyabAlAnyajIrNAnyadhigatavIryANi shIrNapurANaparNAnyasa~jjAtAnyaparNAni [1] tapasi tapasye vA mAse shuciH prayataHkRutadevArcanaH svasti vAcayitvA dvijAtIn cale [2] sumuhUrte nAgabalAmUlAnyuddharet, teShAM suprakShAlitAnAM tvakpiNDamAmramAtramakShamAtraM vAshlakShNapiShTamAloDya payasA prAtaH prayojayet, cUrNIkRutAni vA pibet payasA, madhusarpirbhyAM vA saMyojya bhakShayet, jIrNe ca kShIrasarpirbhyAM [3]shAliShaShTikamashnIyAt|
-saMvatsaraprayogAdasya varShashatamajaraM vayastiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||11||
-(iti nAgabalArasAyanam)|
-One should collect the roots of ''nagabala'' in ''chala muhurta'' in the month of ''Magha'' or ''Phalguna'' while being clean and attentive, having worshipped the deities and engaging the ''brahmanas'' to recite auspicious mantras. The plant should have grown in a forest area covered in ''kusha'' grass, having soil unctuous, black and sweet or of golden color, devoid of poison, injurious animals and defect of wind, water and fire, and also of cultivation defects, ant-hill, cremation ground, sacred tree, infertile area and habitation and having proper access to air, water and the sun according to season, the roots should be undamaged, in-encroached, neither immature nor too old, possessed with potency, having shed off the old leaves and with new leaves not appeared. The roots should be washed well and the bark should be taken in the dose of 40 gms, finely pounded and mixed with milk in every morning or as powder with milk or along with honey and ghee. After the medicine is digested, one should take diet of ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice along with milk and ghee. If used regularly for a year, it makes the life span for one hundred years without senility. Other outcomes are as described before. [11]
-बलातिबलाचन्दनागुरुधवतिनिशखदिरशिंशपासनस्वरसाः पुनर्नवान्ताश्चौषधयो दश  नागबलया व्याख्याताः| स्वरसानामलाभे त्वयं स्वरसविधिः- चूर्णानामाढकमाढकमुदकस्याहोरात्रस्थितं मृदितपूतं स्वरसवत् प्रयोज्यम्||१२||
-balātibalācandanāgurudhavatiniśakhadiraśiṁśapāsanasvarasāḥpunarnavāntāścauṣadhayō daśa nāgabalayā vyākhyātāḥ| svarasānāmalābhē tvayaṁ svarasavidhiḥ- cūrṇānāmāḍhakamāḍhakamudakasyāhōrātrasthitaṁ mr̥ditapūtaṁ svarasavat prayōjyam||12||
-balAtibalAcandanAgurudhavatinishakhadirashiMshapAsanasvarasAH punarnavAntAshcauShadhayo dasha [1] nAgabalayA vyAkhyAtAH|
-svarasAnAmalAbhe tvayaM svarasavidhiH- cUrNAnAmADhakamADhakamudakasyAhorAtrasthitaM mRuditapUtaM svarasavat prayojyam||12||
-The juice of ''bala, atibala, chandana, aguru, dhava, tinisha, khadira,'' and ''shimshapa'' and the ten age sustaining drugs are used by the method as in case of ''nagabala''. If the fresh juice is not available this method should be adopted- 2 kg 560 gms drug should be dipped in equal quantity of water for the day and night, then it should be pressed and filtered and used as ''swarasa''. [12]
-===== ''Bhallataka Ksheeram'' =====
-भल्लातकान्यनुपहतान्यनामयान्यापूर्णरसप्रमाणवीर्याणि पक्वजाम्बवप्रकाशानि शुचौ शुक्रे वा मासेसङ्गृह्य यवपल्ले माषपल्ले वानिधापयेत्, तानि चतुर्मासस्थितानि सहसि सहस्ये वा मासे
-प्रयोक्तुमारभेतशीतस्निग्धमधुरोपस्कृतशरीरः|
-पूर्वं दशभल्लातकान्यापोथ्याष्टगुणेनाम्भसा साधुसाधयेत्, तेषां रसमष्टभागावशेषं पूतं सपयस्कं पिबेत्सर्पिषाऽन्तर्मुखमभ्यज्य|
-तान्येकैकभल्लातकोत्कर्षापकर्षेण दशभल्लातकान्यात्रिंशतः प्रयोज्यानि, नातः परमुत्कर्षः|
-प्रयोगविधानेन सहस्रपर एवभल्लातकप्रयोगः|
-जीर्णे च ससर्पिषा पयसाशालिषष्टिकाशनमुपचारः, प्रयोगान्ते च द्विस्तावत् पयसैवोपचारः|
-तत्प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमजरं वयस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||१३||
-(इति भल्लातकक्षीरम्)|
-bhallātakānyanupahatānyanāmayānyāpūrṇarasapramāṇavīryāṇipakvajāmbavaprakāśāni śucau śukrē vā māsē saṅgr̥hya yavapallē māṣapallē vā nidhāpayēt, tāni caturmāsasthitāni sahasi sahasyē vā māsē prayōktumārabhēta śītasnigdhamadhurōpaskr̥taśarīraḥ| pūrvaṁ daśabhallātakānyāpōthyāṣṭaguṇēnāmbhasā sādhu sādhayēt, tēṣāṁ rasamaṣṭabhāgāvaśēṣaṁ pūtaṁ sapayaskaṁ pibētsarpiṣā'ntarmukhamabhyajya|
-tānyēkaikabhallātakōtkarṣāpakarṣēṇa daśabhallātakānyātriṁśataḥ prayōjyāni,
-nātaḥ paramutkarṣaḥ| prayōgavidhānēna sahasrapara ēva bhallātakaprayōgaḥ|
-jīrṇē ca sasarpiṣā payasā śāliṣaṣṭikāśanamupacāraḥ, prayōgāntē ca dvistāvat
-payasaivōpacāraḥ| tatprayōgādvarṣaśatamajaraṁ vayastiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||13||
-(iti bhallātakakṣīram)|
-bhallAtakAnyanupahatAnyanAmayAnyApUrNarasapramANavIryANi pakvajAmbavaprakAshAni shucau shukre vA mAse sa~ggRuhya yavapalle mAShapalle vAnidhApayet, tAni caturmAsasthitAni sahasi sahasye vA mAse prayoktumArabheta shItasnigdhamadhuropaskRutasharIraH|
-pUrvaM dashabhallAtakAnyApothyAShTaguNenAmbhasA sAdhu sAdhayet, teShAM rasamaShTabhAgAvasheShaM pUtaM sapayaskaM pibetsarpiShA~antarmukhamabhyajya|
-tAnyekaikabhallAtakotkarShApakarSheNa dashabhallAtakAnyAtriMshataH prayojyAni, nAtaH paramutkarShaH|
-prayogavidhAnena sahasrapara eva bhallAtakaprayogaH|
-jIrNe ca sasarpiShA payasA shAliShaShTikAshanamupacAraH, prayogAnte ca dvistAvat payasaivopacAraH|
-tatprayogAdvarShashatamajaraM vayastiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||13||
-(iti bhallAtakakShIram)|
-The fruits of ''bhallataka'' – undamaged, undiseased, mature in taste, size and potency, looking like ripe ''jamboo'' fruits should be collected in the month of ''jyeshtha'' and ''ashadha'' and be stored within the granary of barley or black gram. After four months, in the month of ''Agrahayana'' or ''Pausha'' they should be taken out for use by one who has made his body fit through the intake of cold, unctuous and sweet substances. At first ten fruits of ''bhallataka'' should be crushed and boiled in ten times of water, when 1/8 extract remains, it should be filtered and taken mixed with milk after smearing the inner part of the mouth with ghee. Gradually increasing the dose by one fruit per day it should be led to thirty which is the maximum dose. In this way the total number of fruits taken comes to one thousand. When the drug is digested, one should take ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice with milk added with ghee. After the treatment is over, the patient should live on milk diet for the period double to that of treatment. By this one attains stable life span of one hundred years without senility. Other impacts of the treatment are as mentioned before. [13]
-===== ''Bhallataka Kshaudram'' =====
-भल्लातकानां जर्जरीकृतानां पिष्टस्वेदनं पूरयित्वा भूमावाकण्ठं निखातस्य स्नेहभावितस्य दृढस्योपरि कुम्भस्यारोप्योडुपेनापिधाय कृष्णमृत्तिकावलिप्तंगोमयाग्निभिरुपस्वेदयेत्; तेषां यः स्वरसः कुम्भं प्रपद्येत, तमष्टभागमधुसम्प्रयुक्तं द्विगुणघृतमद्यात्; तत्प्रयोगाद्वर्षशतमजरं वयस्तिष्ठतीति समानं पूर्वेण||१४||
-(इतिभल्लातकक्षौद्रम्)|
-bhallātakānāṁ jarjarīkr̥tānāṁ piṣṭasvēdanaṁ pūrayitvā bhūmāvākaṇṭhaṁ nikhātasya snēhabhāvitasya dr̥ḍhasyōpari kumbhasyārōpyōḍupēnāpidhāya kr̥ṣṇamr̥ttikāvaliptaṁgōmayāgnibhirupasvēdayēt; tēṣāṁ yaḥ svarasaḥ kumbhaṁ prapadyēta, tamaṣṭabhāgamadhusamprayuktaṁ dviguṇaghr̥tamadyāt; tatprayōgādvarṣaśatamajaraṁ vayastiṣṭhatīti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||14||
-(iti bhallātakakṣaudram)|
-bhallAtakAnAM jarjarIkRutAnAM piShTasvedanaM pUrayitvA bhUmAvAkaNThaM nikhAtasya snehabhAvitasya dRuDhasyopari kumbhasyAropyoDupenApidhAyakRuShNamRuttikAvaliptaM gomayAgnibhirupasvedayet; teShAM yaH svarasaH kumbhaM prapadyeta, tamaShTabhAgamadhusamprayuktaM dviguNaghRutamadyAt;tatprayogAdvarShashatamajaraM vayastiShThatIti samAnaM pUrveNa||14||
-(iti bhallAtakakShaudram)|
+. Outdoor regimen (vataatapika): In this type, the rasayana therapy is administered in the outdoor regimen. The person is exposed to the external atmosphere ([[vata]]) and sunlight (atapa). The person can live everyday social life with rasayana therapy. The restrictions are comparatively less.
-The fruits of ''bhallataka'' should be crushed and filled in a heating pot which is put on a firm and oiled (with ghee) pitcher already dug underground up to the neck covered with a lid. Then after pushing it with black earth, it should be heated with cow dung fire. The extract which is collected in the lower pitcher should be taken out. It should be taken mixed with 1/8 honey and double the quantity of ghee. Regular use of this makes a person of the stable life span of one hundred years without senility. Other outcomes of this treatment are as described before. [14]
+In terms of efficacy, the indoor regimen (kutipraveshika) is superior to the outdoor regimen (vataatapika). [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]1/4/28]
-===== ''Bhallataka Tailam'' =====
+'''Classification based on effect:'''
-भल्लातकतैलपात्रं सपयस्कं मधुकेन कल्केनाक्षमात्रेण शतपाकं कुर्यादिति समानं पूर्वेण||१५||
+.	Kamya rasayana: It is aimed to attain desirable specific benefits such as long life, great intelligence, wealth etc.
-(इति भल्लातकतैलम्)|
+.	Naimittika Rasayana: It is a therapy aimed to treat specific diseases.
-bhallātakatailapātraṁ sapayaskaṁ madhukēna kalkēnākṣamātrēṇa śatapākaṁ
-kuryāditi samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||15||
-(iti bhallātakatailam)|
-bhallAtakatailapAtraM sapayaskaM madhukena kalkenAkShamAtreNa shatapAkaM kuryAditi samAnaM pUrveNa||15||
-(iti bhallAtakatailam)|
-The above ''bhallataka taila'' should be taken in quantity of 2 kg 560 gms and cooked along with milk and paste of ''madhuka'' in 1/8 quantity. This should be repeated hundred times. Other details are as above.
-====== Various preparations of ''bhallataka'' ======
-भल्लातकसर्पिः भल्लातकक्षीरं, भल्लातकक्षौद्रं, गुडभल्लातकं, भल्लातकयूषः, भल्लातकतैलं, भल्लातकपललं, भल्लातकसक्तवः, भल्लातकलवणं,भल्लातकतर्पणम्, इति भल्लातकविधानमुक्तं भवति||१६||
-bhallātakasarpiḥ bhallātakakṣīraṁ, bhallātakakṣaudraṁ, guḍabhallātakaṁ, bhallātakayūṣaḥ, bhallātakatailaṁ, bhallātakapalalaṁ, bhallātakasaktavaḥ, bhallātakalavaṇaṁ, bhallātakatarpaṇam, iti bhallātakavidhānamuktaṁ bhavati||16||
-bhallAtakasarpiH [1] , bhallAtakakShIraM, bhallAtakakShaudraM, guDabhallAtakaM, bhallAtakayUShaH, bhallAtakatailaM, bhallAtakapalalaM, bhallAtakasaktavaH,bhallAtakalavaNaM, bhallAtakatarpaNam, iti bhallAtakavidhAnamuktaM bhavati||16||
-''Bhallataka'' is used in the following forms - ''Bhallataka ghrita,  bhallataka-ksheeram, bhallataka-kshaudra, guda-bhallataka, bhallataka-yusha, bhallataka-taila, bhallataka-palala, bhallataka-saktu, bhallataka-lavana, bhallataka-tarpana.'' [16]
-====== Benefits of ''Bhallataka'' ======
-भवन्तिचात्र-
-भल्लातकानि तीक्ष्णानि पाकीन्यग्निसमानिच|
-भवन्त्यमृतकल्पानि प्रयुक्तानि यथाविधि||१७||
-एते दशविधास्त्वेषां प्रयोगाःपरिकीर्तिताः|
-रोगप्रकृतिसात्म्यज्ञस्तान् प्रयोगान् प्रकल्पयेत्||१८||
-कफजो न स रोगोऽस्ति न विबन्धोऽस्ति कश्चन|
-यं न भल्लातकं हन्याच्छीघ्रं मेधाग्निवर्धनम्||१९||
-(इति भल्लातकविधिः)|
-प्राणकामाः पुरा जीर्णाश्च्यवनाद्या महर्षयः|
-रसायनैः शिवैरेतैर्बभूवुरमितायुषः||२०||
-ब्राह्मं तपो ब्रह्मचर्यमध्यात्मध्यानमेव च|
-दीर्घायुषो यथाकामं सम्भृत्य त्रिदिवं गताः||२१||
-तस्मादायुःप्रकर्षार्थं प्राणकामैःसुखार्थिभिः|
-रसायनविधिः सेव्यो विधिवत्सुसमाहितैः||२२||
-bhavanticātra-
-bhallātakāni tīkṣṇāni pākīnyagnisamānica|
-bhavantyamr̥takalpāni prayuktāni yathāvidhi||17||
-ētē daśavidhāstvēṣāṁ prayōgāḥparikīrtitāḥ|
-rōgaprakr̥tisātmyajñastān prayōgān prakalpayēt||18||
-kaphajō na sa rōgō'sti navibandhō'stikaścana|
-yaṁ na bhallātakaṁ hanyācchīghraṁ mēdhāgnivardhanam||19||
-(iti bhallātakavidhiḥ)|
+.	Ajasrikam: This therapy is advised to follow daily, and the person is habituated to the substance. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/2]<ref name=Susruta/>
-prāṇakāmāḥ purā jīrṇāścyavanādyāmaharṣayaḥ|
-rasāyanaiḥ śivairētairbabhūvuramitāyuṣaḥ||20||
-brāhmaṁ tapō brahmacaryamadhyātmadhyānamēva ca|
-dīrghāyuṣō yathākāmaṁ sambhr̥tya tridivaṁ gatāḥ||21||
-tasmādāyuḥprakarṣārthaṁ prāṇakāmaiḥ sukhārthibhiḥ|
+'''Classification based on treatment principle:'''
-rasāyanavidhiḥ sēvyō vidhivatsusamāhitaiḥ||22||
+.	Attaining rasayana effect through purification therapies (samshodhana)
-bhavanti cAtra-
+.	Attaining rasayana effect by pacifying the aggravated [[dosha]] or disease (samshamana) [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/2]<ref name=Susruta/>
-bhallAtakAni tIkShNAni pAkInyagnisamAni ca|
+==Indications==
-bhavantyamRutakalpAni prayuktAni yathAvidhi||17||
+Rasayana therapy is aimed at the preservation and promotion of health. Hence, a healthy person can follow rasayana therapy. It should be started from young or middle age to preserve optimum quality of body tissues. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/3]<ref name=Susruta/>  The indoor admission regimen of rasayana therapy (kutipraveshika) is advised to fit, disease free, wise, self-controlled, leisurely and can afford treatment. The outdoor method (vataatapika rasayana therapy) can be done in all persons.[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/27-28]
-ete dashavidhAstveShAM prayogAH parikIrtitAH|
+The disease-specific rasayana, tissue-specific rasayana and organ-specific rasayana are administered to improve health based on underlying disease pathogenesis.
-rogaprakRutisAtmyaj~jastAn prayogAn prakalpayet||18||
+Rasayana treatment is indicated in the management of various diseases to strengthen the defense mechanism and prevent disease recurrence. Bacopa monnieri (brahmi), which promotes intellectual functions (medhya rasayana), is prescribed to treat mental disorders.[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/62] In chronic epilepsy, if the conventional treatments are not yielding results, rasayana therapy should be used. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/65] Rasayana treatment is advised in the management of cardiac disorders caused by [[kapha]] [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/99], impotency and other reproductive fluid-related disorders  [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/149-50]  [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/193]. It is also used in the treatment of Alopacea areata (indralupta) [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/25]<ref name=Susruta/> and diseases of ear. [Su.Sa.Uttara Sthana 21/3]<ref name=Susruta/>
-kaphajo na sa rogo~asti na vibandho~asti kashcana|
+==Contraindications==
-yaM na bhallAtakaM hanyAcchIghraM medhAgnivardhanam||19||
+The efficacy of rasayana therapy largely depends on the person’s ability to control his body and mind. Therefore, rejuvenation therapy is contraindicated for those who have addictions like alcohol and smoking; and those who can’t follow the physician’s advice.[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/4]<ref name=Susruta/>
-(iti bhallAtakavidhiH)|
+==Prerequisite for rejuvenation therapy (rasayana)==
-prANakAmAH purA jIrNAshcyavanAdyA maharShayaH|
+Body purification therapy is indicated before rasayana therapy. This treatment is intended to remove toxins and prepare the body for accepting the rasayana formulations for rejuvenation. A specific bowel cleansing formulation made from Terminalia chebula (haritaki), rock salt, Phyllanthus emblica (amalaki), jaggery, Acorus calamus (vacha), Embelia ribes (vidanga), Curcuma longa (haridra), long pepper, and dry ginger are prescribed. After the proper evacuation of bowels, the person shall take gruel prepared with barley for three to seven days. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/25-28] After this procedure, suitable rasayana formulations can be administered. The desired benefits cannot be obtained without proper purification of body and mind. [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/38]
-rasAyanaiH shivairetairbabhUvuramitAyuShaH||20||
+==Food with rasayana effect==
-brAhmaM [1] tapo brahmacaryamadhyAtmadhyAnameva ca|
-dIrghAyuSho yathAkAmaM sambhRutya tridivaM gatAH||21||
-tasmAdAyuHprakarShArthaM prANakAmaiH sukhArthibhiH|
-rasAyanavidhiH sevyo vidhivatsusamAhitaiH||22||
-Here are the verses-
-The fruits of ''bhallataka'' are irritant, inflaming and are like fire but they assume nectar like properties if used as prescribed. Their use in the above ten forms is described which should be prescribed considering the disease, constitution, and suitability. There is no disorder of ''kapha'' and obstructive condition which is not ameliorated by ''bhallataka'' quickly. Moreover, it promotes intellect and ''agni''.
-In early days, the old great sages like Chyavana etc, who desiring vital strength, attained immeasurable life span by using these beneficial ''rasayana'' formulations. After attaining longevity they performed as desired, spiritual penance, celibacy and self- medications and ascended to the heaven. Hence those who desire longevity, vital strength and happiness should use the ''rasayana'' methodically and carefully. [17-22]
-===== Summary =====
-तत्र श्लोकः-
-रसायनानां संयोगाः सिद्धाभूतहितैषिणा|
-निर्दिष्टाः प्राणकामीये सप्तत्रिंशन्महर्षिणा ||२३||
-tatra ślōkaḥ-
-rasāyanānāṁ saṁyōgāḥ siddhā bhūtahitaiṣiṇā|
-nirdiṣṭāḥ prāṇakāmīyē saptatriṁśanmaharṣiṇā ||23||
-tatra shlokaH-
-rasAyanAnAM saMyogAH siddhA bhUtahitaiShiNA|
-nirdiShTAH prANakAmIye saptatriMshanmaharShiNA  ||23||
-Now the summing up verse -
-In this quarter relating to desire for vital strength the great sage, compassionate on creatures, described thirty seven successful formulations of rasayana. [23]
-इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते चिकित्सास्थाने रसायनाध्याये प्राणकामीयो नाम रसायनपादो द्वितीयः||२||
-ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē cikitsāsthānē rasāyanādhyāyē prāṇakāmīyō nāma rasāyanapādō dvitīyaḥ||2||
-ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute cikitsAsthAne rasAyanAdhyAye prANakAmIyo nAma rasAyanapAdo dvitIyaH||2||
-Thus ends the second quarter on desire for vital strength in the chapter on [[Rasayana]] in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka.[2]
-==== Part III-  ''Karaprachitiyam Rasayana Pada'' ====
-अथातः करप्रचितीयं रसायनपादंव्याख्यास्यामः||१||
-इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
-athātaḥ karapracitīyaṁ rasāyanapādaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
-iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
-athAtaH karapracitIyaM rasAyanapAdaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
-iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
-Now I shall deliberate on the quarter of [[Rasayana]] dealing with the hand- plucked (fruits of ''amalaki''). As propounded by Lord Atreya.[1-2]
-===== ''Amalakayasa Brahma Rasayana'' =====
-करप्रचितानां यथोक्तगुणानामामलकानामुद्धृतास्थ्नां शुष्कचूर्णितानां पुनर्माघे फाल्गुने वा मासे त्रिःसप्तकृत्वः स्वरसपरिपीतानां पुनः शुष्कचूर्णीकृतानामाढकमेकंग्राहयेत्, अथ जीवनीयानां बृंहणीयानां स्तन्यजननानां शुक्रजननानां वयःस्थापनानां षड्विरेचनशताश्रितीयोक्तानामौषधगणानांचन्दनागुरुधवतिनिशखदिरशिंशपासनसाराणांचाणुशःत्तानामभयाबिभीतकपिप्पलीवचाचव्यचित्रकविडङ्गानां च समस्तानामाढकमेकं दशगुणेनाम्भसा साधयेत्, तस्मिन्नाढकावशेषे रसे सुपूते तान्यामलकचूर्णानि दत्त्वा गोमयाग्निभिर्वंशविदलशरतेजनाग्निभिर्वा साधयेद्यावदपनयाद्रसस्य, तमनुपदग्धमुपहृत्यायसीषु पात्रीष्वास्तीर्य शोषयेत्, सुशुष्कं तत् कृष्णाजिनस्योपरि दृषदि श्लक्ष्णपिष्टमयःस्थाल्यां निधापयेत्सम्यक्, तच्चूर्णमयश्चूर्णाष्टभागसम्प्रयुक्तं मधुसर्पिर्भ्यामग्निबलमभिसमीक्ष्य प्रयोजयेदिति||३||
-karapracitānāṁ yathōktaguṇānāmāmalakānāmuddhr̥tāsthnāṁ śuṣkacūrṇitānāṁ punarmāghē phālgunē vā māsē triḥsaptakr̥tvaḥ svarasaparipītānāṁ punaḥ śuṣkacūrṇīkr̥tānāmāḍhakamēkaṁ grāhayēt, atha jīvanīyānāṁ br̥ṁhaṇīyānāṁ stanyajananānāṁ śukrajananānāṁ vayaḥsthāpanānāṁ ṣaḍvirēcanaśatāśritīyōktānāmauṣadhagaṇānāṁcandanāgurudhavatiniśakhadiraśiṁśapāsanasārāṇāṁ cāṇuśaḥ kr̥ttānāmabhayābibhītakapippalīvacācavyacitrakaviḍaṅgānāṁ ca samastānāmāḍhakamēkaṁ daśaguṇēnāmbhasā sādhayēt, tasminnāḍhakāvaśēṣē rasē supūtē tānyāmalakacūrṇāni dattvā gōmayāgnibhirvaṁśavidalaśaratējanāgnibhirvā sādhayēdyāvadapanayādrasasya, tamanupadagdhamupahr̥tyāyasīṣu pātrīṣvāstīrya śōṣayēt, suśuṣkaṁ tat kr̥ṣṇājinasyōpari dr̥ṣadi ślakṣṇapiṣṭamayaḥsthālyāṁ nidhāpayēt samyak, taccūrṇamayaścūrṇāṣṭabhāgasamprayuktaṁmadhusarpirbhyāmagnibalamabhisamīkṣya prayōjayēditi||3||
-karapracitAnAM yathoktaguNAnAmAmalakAnAmuddhRutAsthnAM shuShkacUrNitAnAM punarmAghe phAlgune vA mAse triHsaptakRutvaH svarasaparipItAnAMpunaH shuShkacUrNIkRutAnAmADhakamekaM grAhayet, atha jIvanIyAnAM bRuMhaNIyAnAM stanyajananAnAM shukrajananAnAM vayaHsthApanAnAMShaDvirecanashatAshritIyoktAnAmauShadhagaNAnAM [1] candanAgurudhavatinishakhadirashiMshapAsanasArANAM cANushaH [2]kRuttAnAmabhayAbibhItakapippalIvacAcavyacitrakaviDa~ggAnAM ca samastAnAmADhakamekaM dashaguNenAmbhasA sAdhayet, tasminnADhakAvasheShe rasesupUte tAnyAmalakacUrNAni dattvA gomayAgnibhirvaMshavidalasharatejanAgnibhirvA sAdhayedyAvadapanayAdrasasya, tamanupadagdhamupahRutyAyasIShupAtrIShvAstIrya shoShayet, sushuShkaM tat kRuShNAjinasyopari dRuShadi shlakShNapiShTamayaHsthAlyAM nidhApayet samyak,taccUrNamayashcUrNAShTabhAgasamprayuktaM madhusarpirbhyAmagnibalamabhisamIkShya prayojayediti||3||
-The hand plucked fruits of ''amalaki'' having qualities described should be taken, their seeds are removed and they are dried and powdered. Later in the month of ''Magha'' and ''Phalguna'', this ''amalaki'' powder should be impregnated 21 times with the juice of fresh ''amalaki'' fruits, dried and powdered again. 2 kg 560 gms of this powder should be taken. Then the drugs belonging to the groups vitalizer, bulk promoting, galactogouge, semen promoting and age sustainers mentioned in the chapter on six hundred evacuatives and finely cut heartwood of sandal, ''aguru, dhava, tinisha, khadira, shimshapa, asana'' and also of ''haritaki, bibhitaka, pippali, vacha, chavya, chitraka and vidanga'' – all together should be taken in the quantity of 2 kg 560 gms and boiled in ten times of water. When one tenth of the original volume remains, the decoction should be filtered well and added with the above powder of ''amalaka''. Now this should be heated on cow dung fire or the fire of bamboo chips or reed stalks till the liquid portion is completely evaporated. This uncharred material should be collected and is spread on iron plates for drying. When it is dried well, it should be powdered finely with stone slabs on the deer hide and stored carefully in an iron pot. This powder added with one forth quantity of iron powder (''bhasma'') and mixed with honey and ghee should be used according to one’s digestive capacity. [3]
+Milk [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/218], ghee.[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/32] Daily intake of milk and ghee is the best food for attaining rasayana effect. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40], [A.S.Sutra Sthana 13/2]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>
-भवन्तिचात्र-
-एतद्रसायनं पूर्वं वसिष्ठःकश्यपोऽङ्गिराः|
-जमदग्निर्भरद्वाजो भृगुरन्ये च तद्विधाः||४||
-प्रयुज्य प्रयता मुक्ताः श्रमव्याधिजराभयात्|
-यावदैच्छंस्तपस्तेपुस्तत्प्रभावान्महाबलाः||५||
-इदं रसायनं चक्रे ब्रह्मा वार्षसहस्रिकम्|
-जराव्याधिप्रशमनं बुद्धीन्द्रियबलप्रदम्||६||
-(इत्यामलकायसं ब्राह्मरसायनम्)|
-bhavanticātra-
-ētadrasāyanaṁ pūrvaṁ vasiṣṭhaḥ kaśyapō'ṅgirāḥ|
-jamadagnirbharadvājō bhr̥guranyē ca tadvidhāḥ||4||
-prayujya prayatā muktāḥ śramavyādhijarābhayāt|
-yāvadaicchaṁstapastēpustatprabhāvānmahābalāḥ||5||
-idaṁ rasāyanaṁ cakrē brahmā vārṣasahasrikam|
-jarāvyādhipraśamanaṁ buddhīndriyabalapradam||6||
-(ityāmalakāyasaṁ brāhmarasāyanam)
-bhavanti cAtra-
-etadrasAyanaM pUrvaM vasiShThaH kashyapo~a~ggirAH|
-jamadagnirbharadvAjo bhRuguranye ca tadvidhAH||4||
-prayujya prayatA muktAH shramavyAdhijarAbhayAt|
-yAvadaicchaMstapastepustatprabhAvAnmahAbalAH||5||
-idaM rasAyanaM cakre brahmA vArShasahasrikam|
-jarAvyAdhiprashamanaM buddhIndriyabalapradam||6||
-(ityAmalakAyasaM brAhmarasAyanam)|
-Here are the verses-
-This ''rasayana'' preparation in ancient times was used by Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Angiras, Jamadagni, Bharadwaja, Bhrigu and similar other ''rishis'' who by consumption of this medication became free from exertion, disease, senility and fear and acquired great strength due to its effect and performed penance as desired. This ''rasayana'' preparation was developed by Brahma and it provides a life span of one thousand years, alleviates senility and disease and promotes strength of intellect and senses. [4-6]
-तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण ध्यानेन प्रशमेन च|
-रसायनविधानेन कालयुक्तेन चायुषा||७||
-स्थिता महर्षयः पूर्वं, नहिकिञ्चिद्रसायनम्|
-ग्राम्यानामन्यकार्याणां सिध्यत्यप्रयतात्मनाम्||८||
-tapasā brahmacaryēṇa dhyānēna praśamēna ca|
-rasāyanavidhānēna kālayuktēna cāyuṣā||7||
-sthitā maharṣayaḥ pūrvaṁ, nahi kiñcidrasāyanam|
-grāmyānāmanyakāryāṇāṁ sidhyatyaprayatātmanām||8||
-tapasA brahmacaryeNa dhyAnena prashamena ca|
-rasAyanavidhAnena kAlayuktena cAyuShA||7||
-sthitA maharShayaH pUrvaM, nahi ki~jcidrasAyanam|
-grAmyAnAmanyakAryANAM sidhyatyaprayatAtmanAm||8||
-In ancient times, the great sages attained stable life span by using the ''rasayana'' treatment properly and timely due to penance, celibacy, meditation and serenity because no ''rasayana'' treatment is successful in individuals who are not attentive, are engaged in divergent activities and live in villages. [7-8]
-===== ''Kevala Amalaka Rasayanam'' =====
-संवत्सरं पयोवृत्तिर्गवां मध्ये वसेत् सदा|
-सावित्रीं मनसा ध्यायन् ब्रह्मचारी यतेन्द्रियः||९||
-संवत्सरान्ते पौषीं वा माघीं वा फाल्गुनीं तिथिम्|
-त्र्यहोपवासी शुक्लस्य प्रविश्यामलकीवनम्||१०||
-बृहत्फलाढ्यमारुह्य द्रुमं शाखागतं फलम्|
-गृहीत्वा पाणिना तिष्ठेज्जपन् ब्रह्मामृतागमात्||११||
-तदा ह्यवश्यममृतं वसत्यामलके क्षणम्|
-शर्करामधुकल्पानि स्नेहवन्ति मृदूनि च||१२||
-भवन्त्यमृतसंयोगात्तानि यावन्ति भक्षयेत्|
-जीवेद्वर्षसहस्राणि तावन्त्यागतयौवनः||१३||
-सौहित्यमेषां गत्वा तु भवत्यमरसन्निभः|
-स्वयं चास्योपतिष्ठन्ते श्रीर्वेदा वाक् च रूपिणी||१४||
-(इति केवलामलकरसायनम्)|
-saṁvatsaraṁ payōvr̥ttirgavāṁ madhyē vasēt sadā|
-sāvitrīṁ manasā dhyāyan brahmacārī yatēndriyaḥ||9||
-saṁvatsarāntē pauṣīṁ vā māghīṁ vā phālgunīṁ tithim|
-tryahōpavāsī śuklasya praviśyāmalakīvanam||10||
-br̥hatphalāḍhyamāruhya drumaṁ śākhāgataṁ phalam|
-gr̥hītvā pāṇinā tiṣṭhējjapan brahmāmr̥tāgamāt||11||
-tadā hyavaśyamamr̥taṁ vasatyāmalakē kṣaṇam|
-śarkarāmadhukalpāni snēhavanti mr̥dūni ca||12||
-bhavantyamr̥tasaṁyōgāttāni yāvanti bhakṣayēt|
-jīvēdvarṣasahasrāṇi tāvantyāgatayauvanaḥ||13||
-sauhityamēṣāṁ gatvā tu bhavatyamarasannibhaḥ|
-svayaṁ cāsyōpatiṣṭhantē śrīrvēdā vāk ca rūpiṇī||14||
-(iti kēvalāmalakarasāyanam)|
-saMvatsaraM payovRuttirgavAM madhye vaset sadA|
-sAvitrIM manasA dhyAyan brahmacArI yatendriyaH||9||
-saMvatsarAnte pauShIM vA mAghIM vA phAlgunIM tithim|
-tryahopavAsI shuklasya pravishyAmalakIvanam||10||
-bRuhatphalADhyamAruhya drumaM shAkhAgataM phalam|
-gRuhItvA pANinA tiShThejjapan brahmAmRutAgamAt||11||
-tadA hyavashyamamRutaM vasatyAmalake kShaNam|
-sharkarAmadhukalpAni snehavanti mRudUni ca||12||
-bhavantyamRutasaMyogAttAni yAvanti bhakShayet|
-jIvedvarShasahasrANi tAvantyAgatayauvanaH||13||
-sauhityameShAM gatvA tu bhavatyamarasannibhaH|
-svayaM cAsyopatiShThante shrIrvedA vAk ca rUpiNI||14||
-(iti kevalAmalakarasAyanam)|
-One should live in amidst cows, remain on milk diet mediate on ''Savitri mantra(Gayatri mantra)'', observing celibacy and controlling his sense organs for a year. At the end of the year, he should fast for three days and then should enter in to a forest of ''amalaki'' trees on full moon day of the month of Pausha, Magha or Phalguna. Then he should climb on one of the ''amalaki'' trees having big fruits, should take the fruit situated on a branch by hand and should wait for some time repeating the Brahman mantras till nectar descends in the fruit. During this period nectar positively resides in ''amalaka'' fruit which, due to presence of nectar, becomes sweet like sugar and honey, unctuous and soft. The person having regained youthfulness lives the number of thousand of years equal to that of fruits eaten. After getting saturated fully with them one becomes like God and Shri, Vedas and personified knowledge enters in to him spontaneously. [9-14]
-===== ''Lauhadi Rasayana'' =====
-त्रिफलाया रसे मूत्रे गवां क्षारे च लवणे|
-क्रमेणचेङ्गुदीक्षारे किंशुकक्षार एव च||१५||
-तीक्ष्णायसस्य पत्राणि वह्निवर्णानि साधयेत् |
-चतुरङ्गुलदीर्घाणि तिलोत्सेधतनूनि च||१६||
-ज्ञात्वा तान्यञ्जनाभानि सूक्ष्मचूर्णानि कारयेत्|
-तानि चूर्णानि मधुना रसेनामलकस्य च||१७||
-युक्तानि लेहवत् कुम्भे स्थितानि घृतभाविते|
-संवत्सरं निधेयानि यवपल्ले तथैवच||१८||
-दद्यादालोडनं मासे सर्वत्रालोडयन् बुधः|
-संवत्सरात्यये तस्य प्रयोगो मधुसर्पिषा||१९||
-प्रातः प्रातर्बलापेक्षी सात्म्यं जीर्णे च भोजनम्|
-एष एव च लौहानां प्रयोगः सम्प्रकीर्तितः||२०||
-नाभिघातैर्न चातङ्कैर्जरयान च मृत्युना|
-स धृष्यः स्याद्गजप्राणः सदा चातिबलेन्द्रियः||२१||
-धीमान् यशस्वी वाक्सिद्धः श्रुतधारी महाधनः|
-भवेत् समां प्रयुञ्जानो नरो लौहरसायनम्||२२||
-अनेनैव विधानेन हेम्नश्च रजतस्यच|
-आयुःप्रकर्षकृत्सिद्धः प्रयोगः सर्वरोगनुत्||२३||
-(इति लौहादिरसायनम्)|
-triphalāyā rasē mūtrē gavāṁ kṣārē ca lavaṇē|
-kramēṇacēṅgudīkṣārē kiṁśukakṣāra ēva ca||15||
-tīkṣṇāyasasya patrāṇi vahnivarṇāni sādhayēt |
-caturaṅguladīrghāṇi tilōtsēdhatanūni  ca||16||
-jñātvā tānyañjanābhāni sūkṣmacūrṇāni kārayēt|
-tāni cūrṇāni madhunā rasēnāmalakasya ca||17||
-yuktāni lēhavat kumbhē sthitāni ghr̥tabhāvitē|
-saṁvatsaraṁ nidhēyāni yavapallē tathaiva ca||18||
-dadyādālōḍanaṁ māsē sarvatrālōḍayan budhaḥ|
-saṁvatsarātyayē tasya prayōgō madhusarpiṣā||19||
-prātaḥ prātarbalāpēkṣī sātmyaṁ jīrṇē ca bhōjanam|
-ēṣa ēva ca lauhānāṁ prayōgaḥ samprakīrtitaḥ||20||
-nābhighātairna cātaṅkairjarayā na ca mr̥tyunā|
-sa dhr̥ṣyaḥ syādgajaprāṇaḥ sadācātibalēndriyaḥ||21||
-dhīmān yaśasvī vāksiddhaḥ  śrutadhārī mahādhanaḥ |
-bhavēt samāṁ prayuñjānō narō lauharasāyanam||22||
-anēnaiva vidhānēna hēmnaśca rajatasya ca|
-āyuḥprakarṣakr̥tsiddhaḥ prayōgaḥ sarvarōganut||23||
-(iti  lauhādirasāyanam)|
-triphalAyA rase mUtre gavAM kShAre ca lavaNe|
-krameNa ce~ggudIkShAre kiMshukakShAra eva ca||15||
-tIkShNAyasasya patrANi vahnivarNAni sAdhayet [1] |
-catura~gguladIrghANi tilotsedhatanUni [2] ca||16||
-j~jAtvA tAnya~jjanAbhAni sUkShmacUrNAni kArayet|
-tAni cUrNAni madhunA rasenAmalakasya ca||17||
-yuktAni lehavat kumbhe sthitAni ghRutabhAvite|
-saMvatsaraM nidheyAni yavapalle tathaiva ca||18||
-dadyAdAloDanaM mAse sarvatrAloDayan budhaH|
-saMvatsarAtyaye tasya prayogo madhusarpiShA||19||
-prAtaH prAtarbalApekShI sAtmyaM jIrNe ca bhojanam|
-eSha eva ca lauhAnAM prayogaH samprakIrtitaH||20||
-nAbhighAtairna cAta~gkairjarayA na ca mRutyunA|
-sa dhRuShyaH syAdgajaprANaH sadA cAtibalendriyaH||21||
-dhImAn yashasvI vAksiddhaH [3] shrutadhArI mahAdhanaH [4] |
-bhavet samAM prayu~jjAno naro lauharasAyanam||22||
-anenaiva vidhAnena hemnashca rajatasya ca|
-AyuHprakarShakRutsiddhaH prayogaH sarvaroganut||23||
-(iti lauhAdirasAyanam)|
-The paper like pieces of sharp iron four fingers long and thin like sesame seeds should be heated till they are red hot. Then they should be dipped in triphala decoction, cow urine, alkali prepared from ''lavana, ingudi'' and ''palasha''. After they are transformed like collyrium they should be powdered finely. This powder mixed with honey and ''amalaka'' juice should be made in to linctuses, which should be kept in a ghee lined pot and stored for a year in granary of barley stirring it from all sides every month. After one year, it should be consumed mixed with honey and ghee every morning as per the strength along with prescribed diet after the drug is digested. This is the method of administration of all the metallic preparations.
-The person who uses iron ''rasayana'', overcomes injury, disease, senility and death because he has acquired vital strength like that of elephant and strong sense organs. The user of the metallic ''rasayana'' for a year becomes intelligent, renowned orator, scholar and wealthy. So also the use of gold or silver ''rasayana'' also provide longevity and freedom from all ailments. [15-23]
-===== ''Aindra Rasayana'' =====
-ऐन्द्री मत्स्याख्यको ब्राह्मी वचा ब्रह्मसुवर्चला|
-पिप्पल्यो लवणं हेम शङ्खपुष्पी विषंघृतम्||२४||
-एषां त्रियवकान् भागान् हेमसर्पिर्विषैर्विना|
-द्वौ यवौ तत्र हेम्नस्तु तिलं दद्याद्विषस्यच||२५||
-सर्पिषश्च पलं दद्यात्तदैकध्यं प्रयोजयेत्|
-घृतप्रभूतं सक्षौद्रं जीर्णे चान्नंप्रशस्यते||२६||
-जराव्याधिप्रशमनं स्मृतिमेधाकरं परम्|
-आयुष्यं पौष्टिकं धन्यं स्वरवर्णप्रसादनम्||२७||
-परमोजस्करं चैतत् सिद्धमैन्द्रं रसायनम्|
-नैनत् प्रसहते कृत्या नालक्ष्मीर्न विषं न रुक्||२८||
-श्वित्रं सकुष्ठं जठराणि गुल्माः प्लीहा पुराणो विषमज्वरश्च|
-मेधास्मृतिज्ञानहराश्च रोगाः शाम्यन्त्यनेनातिबलाश्च वाताः||२९||
-(इत्यैन्द्रं रसायनम्)|
-aindrī matsyākhyakō brāhmī vacā brahmasuvarcalā|
-pippalyō lavaṇaṁ hēmaśaṅkhapuṣpī viṣaṁ ghr̥tam||24||
-ēṣāṁ triyavakān bhāgān hēmasarpirviṣairvinā|
-dvau yavau tatra hēmnastu tilaṁ dadyādviṣasya ca||25||
-sarpiṣaśca palaṁ dadyāttadaikadhyaṁ prayōjayēt|
-ghr̥taprabhūtaṁ sakṣaudraṁ jīrṇē cānnaṁpraśasyatē||26||
-jarāvyādhipraśamanaṁ smr̥timēdhākaraṁ param|
-āyuṣyaṁ pauṣṭikaṁ dhanyaṁ svaravarṇaprasādanam||27||
-paramōjaskaraṁ caitat siddhamaindraṁ rasāyanam|
-nainat prasahatē kr̥tyā nālakṣmīrna viṣaṁ na ruk||28||
-śvitraṁ sakuṣṭhaṁ jaṭharāṇi gulmāḥ plīhā purāṇō viṣamajvaraśca|
-mēdhāsmr̥tijñānaharāśca rōgāḥ śāmyantyanēnātibalāśca vātāḥ||29||
-(ityaindraṁ rasāyanam)|
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Table 1: [[Dhatu]] specific rasayana herbs
+|-
+! Body tissues ([[dhatu]]s) !! Rasayana herbs<ref name=joshiks>Joshi KS, Bhonde R. Insights from Ayurveda for translational stem cell research. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014;5:4-10</ref>
+|-
+| | Nourishing fluid ([[rasa dhatu]])  ||  Tinospora cordifolia
+|-
+| | Blood ([[rakta dhatu]])  || Piper longum
+|-
+| | Muscles ([[mamsa dhatu]])  || Asparagus racemosus
+|-
+| | Adipose tissue ([[meda dhatu]]) || Terminalia chebula
+|-
+| | Bones ([[asthi dhatu]]) || Commifora mukul
+|-
+| | Marrow and nerves ([[majja dhatu]])  || Bacopa monnirei
+|-
+| | Reproductive elements, Sperm, Ovum ([[shukra dhatu]])  || Withania somnifera
+|-
+|}
-aindrI matsyAkhyako brAhmI vacA brahmasuvarcalA|
+==Herbs promoting intellect and memory functions (medhya rasayana)==
-pippalyo lavaNaM hema sha~gkhapuShpI viShaM ghRutam||24||
+. Juice of Centella asiatica (mandukaparni)
-eShAM triyavakAn bhAgAn hemasarpirviShairvinA|
+.Juice of Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) with its root and flower
-dvau yavau tatra hemnastu tilaM dadyAdviShasya ca||25||
-sarpiShashca palaM dadyAttadaikadhyaM prayojayet|
-ghRutaprabhUtaM sakShaudraM jIrNe cAnnaM prashasyate||26||
-jarAvyAdhiprashamanaM smRutimedhAkaraM param|
-AyuShyaM pauShTikaM dhanyaM svaravarNaprasAdanam||27||
-paramojaskaraM caitat siddhamaindraM rasAyanam|
-nainat prasahate kRutyA nAlakShmIrna viShaM na ruk||28||
-shvitraM sakuShThaM jaTharANi gulmAH plIhA purANo viShamajvarashca|
-medhAsmRutij~jAnaharAshca rogAH shAmyantyanenAtibalAshca vAtAH||29||
-(ityaindraM rasAyanam)|
-''Aindri, matsyakhyaka, brahmi, vacha, brahmasuvarchala, pippali, lavana, shankhapushpi,'' all in quantity of three barley grains, gold in that of two barley grains, visa equal to one sesame seed and ghee 40 gms – mixed together and used. Once the food is digested, a diet consisting of honey and plenty of ghee is prescribed.
-This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''ojas'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This ''rasayana'' alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]
-===== ''Medhya Rasayana'' =====
-मण्डूकपर्ण्याः स्वरसः प्रयोज्यः क्षीरेण यष्टीमधुकस्य चूर्णम्|
-रसो गुडूच्यास्तु समूलपुष्प्याः कल्कः प्रयोज्यः खलु शङ्खपुष्प्याः||३०||
+. Powder of Glycyrrhiza glabra with milk
-आयुःप्रदान्यामयनाशनानि बलाग्निवर्णस्वरवर्धनानि|
-मेध्यानि चैतानि रसायनानि मेध्या विशेषेण चशङ्खपुष्पी||३१||
-(इतिमेध्यरसायनानि)|
-maṇḍūkaparṇyāḥ svarasaḥ prayōjyaḥ kṣīrēṇa yaṣṭīmadhukasya cūrṇam|
-rasō guḍūcyāstu samūlapuṣpyāḥ kalkaḥ prayōjyaḥ khalu śaṅkhapuṣpyāḥ||30||
-āyuḥpradānyāmayanāśanāni balāgnivarṇasvaravardhanāni|
-mēdhyāni caitāni rasāyanāni mēdhyā viśēṣēṇa ca śaṅkhapuṣpī||31||
-(iti mēdhyarasāyanāni)|
-maNDUkaparNyAH svarasaH prayojyaH kShIreNa yaShTImadhukasya cUrNam|
-raso guDUcyAstu samUlapuShpyAH kalkaH prayojyaH khalu sha~gkhapuShpyAH||30||
-AyuHpradAnyAmayanAshanAni balAgnivarNasvaravardhanAni|
-medhyAni caitAni rasAyanAni medhyA visheSheNa ca sha~gkhapuShpI||31||
-(iti medhyarasAyanAni)|
-Consumption of ''mandukaparni'' juice, the powder of ''yashtimadhu'' with milk, the juice of ''guduchi'' along with its roots and flowers and the paste of ''shankhapushpi'' – these ''rasayana'' drugs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, ''agni'', complexion, voice and are intellect promoting. Of them ''shankhapushpi'' is specifically intellect promoting. [30-31]
-===== ''Pippali Rasayana'' =====
-पञ्चाष्टौ सप्त दश वा पिप्पलीर्मधुसर्पिषा|
-रसायनगुणान्वेषी समामेकां प्रयोजयेत्||३२||
-तिस्रस्तिस्रस्तु पूर्वाह्णे भुक्त्वाऽग्रे भोजनस्य च|
-पिप्पल्यः किंशुकक्षारभाविता घृतभर्जिताः||३३||
-प्रयोज्या मधुसम्मिश्रा रसायनगुणैषिणा|
-जेतुं कासं क्षयं शोषं श्वासं हिक्कां गलामयान्||३४||
-अर्शांसि ग्रहणीदोषं पाण्डुतां विषमज्वरम्|
-वैस्वर्यं पीनसं शोफं गुल्मं वातबलासकम्||३५||
-(इति पिप्पलीरसायनम्)|
-pañcāṣṭau sapta daśa vā pippalīrmadhusarpiṣā|
-rasāyanaguṇānvēṣī samāmēkāṁ prayōjayēt||32||
+. Paste of Convolvulus prostrates (shankhapushpi)
-tisrastisrastu pūrvāhṇē bhuktvā'grē bhōjanasya ca|
-pippalyaḥ kiṁśukakṣārabhāvitā ghr̥tabharjitāḥ||33||
-prayōjyā madhusammiśrā rasāyanaguṇaiṣiṇā|
-jētuṁ kāsaṁ kṣayaṁ śōṣaṁ śvāsaṁ hikkāṁgalāmayān||34||
-arśāṁsi grahaṇīdōṣaṁ pāṇḍutāṁ viṣamajvaram|
-vaisvaryaṁ pīnasaṁ śōphaṁ gulmaṁ vātabalāsakam||35||
-(iti pippalīrasāyanam)|
+These herbs promote intellectual and memory functions. These rasayana herbs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, [[agni]], complexion, voice. They promote intellectual functions. Shankhapushpi is known explicitly for promoting intellectual functions.[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/3/30-31]]
-pa~jcAShTau sapta dasha vA pippalIrmadhusarpiShA|
+==Herbs with rasayana effect==
-rasAyanaguNAnveShI samAmekAM prayojayet||32||
+The following herbs have rasayana effect.
-tisrastisrastu pUrvAhNe bhuktvA~agre bhojanasya ca|
+Sida cordifolia (bala), Sida rhombifolia (atibala), Sida cordata (nagabala), Santalum album (chandana), Aquilaria malaccensis (aguru), Anogeisus latifolia (dhava), Desmodium oojeinense (tinisha), Acacia catechu (khadira), Dalbergia sissoo (shimshapa)  [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/11-12], Semecarpus anacardium (bhallataka) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/16], Terminalia chebula (haritaki) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 44/63]<ref name=Susruta/>, rainwater [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 45/26]<ref name=Susruta/>,Gmelina arborea (kashmarya fruit) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/184]<ref name=Susruta/>,Dioscorea bulbifera (varahikanda) [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/309]<ref name=Susruta/>,Solanum americanum (kakamachi) [A.S.Sutra Sthana 7/103]<ref name=Sangraha/>, Allium sativum (lasuna) [A.S.Sutra Sthana 7/149]<ref name=Sangraha/>, Asphaltum punjabianum (shilajatu) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/3/49], Piper longum (pippali) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/3/32-35] etc.
-pippalyaH kiMshukakShArabhAvitA ghRutabharjitAH||33||
+==Regimens and mental factors with rasayana effect==
-prayojyA madhusammishrA rasAyanaguNaiShiNA|
+Being truthful, free from anger, calm, soft-spoken, relaxed, loving and compassionate; practicing meditation, brahmacharya, cleanliness, and proper sleep achieves the benefits similar to rejuvenating therapy. This ideal code of conduct and behavior is known as  ‘achara rasayana’.  [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/30-35]  These practices significantly influence psychological and spiritual wellbeing.
-jetuM kAsaM kShayaM shoShaM shvAsaM hikkAM galAmayAn||34||
+==Contemporary views and current researches==
-arshAMsi grahaNIdoShaM pANDutAM viShamajvaram|
+===Contemporary medical terms to indicate rasayana activities and their Ayurvedic view===
-vaisvaryaM pInasaM shophaM gulmaM vAtabalAsakam||35||
+====Antioxidant====
-(iti pippalIrasAyanam)|
+Antioxidant substance prevent free radical generation and scavenge them. Antioxidants are defined as 'substances whose presence in relatively low concentrations significantly inhibits the rate of oxidation of targets'. These are mainly cellular enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase. These are capable of inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging the free radicals. This antioxidant defense system is basically of two types.
-The individuals desirous of ''rasayana'' effect should take ''pippali'' in number of five, seven, eight or ten with honey and ghee for a year. Three ''pippali'' fruits should be taken in the morning, after meal and before meal. These fruits should first be impregnated with alkali of ''palasha'' and then fried in ghee. These should be taken with honey by those who want ''rasayana'' effect particularly in order to alleviate cough, wasting, phthisis, dyspnea, hiccup, throat disorders, piles, disorders of ''grahani'', paleness, intermittent fever, disorders of voice, chronic rhinitis, swelling, ''gulma'' and ''vatabalasaka''. [32-35]
+(i) Primary defense and (ii) Secondary defense
-===== ''Pippali Vardhamana Rasayana'' =====
+'''Primary defense:'''
-क्रमवृद्ध्या दशाहानि दशपैप्पलिकं  दिनम्|
+(1)	Antioxidant nutrients: Antioxidant defenses rely heavily on vitamins and minerals from the diet. These include beta carotene (precursor of Vit. A), Vitamin E (- tocopherol), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), selenium, zinc, manganese and copper.
-वर्धयेत् पयसा सार्धं तथैवापनयेत्पुनः||३६||
+(2) 	Antioxidant scavenging enzymes: This include Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Heme peroxidases and Glutathione peroxidase.
-जीर्णे जीर्णे च भुञ्जीत षष्टिकं क्षीरसर्पिषा|
+'''Secondary Defense:'''
-पिप्पलीनां सहस्रस्य प्रयोगोऽयंरसायनम्||३७||
+This includes small molecules- the ‘Scavengers’, that react with radicals to produce another radical compound. When these scavengers produce a lesser harmful radical species, they are called 'antioxidants'. The-tocopherol, ascorbate and reduced glutathione (GSH) may act in combination to act as cellular antioxidants. The -tocopherol, present in the cell membrane and plasma lipoproteins acts as a chain-breaking antioxidant.
-पिष्टास्ता बलिभिः सेव्याः, शृता मध्यबलैर्नरैः|
+From Ayurveda perspectives, this anti-oxidant system seems to be regulated by body constituents like the optimum quality of [[Rasa dhatu]], [[Kapha]][[dosha]] and [[Ojas]]. Rasayana therapy works to improve the quality of these three components. <ref name=deoleys> Deole Y.S. Thakar A.B. Chandola H.M. Ravishankar B.A  Clinico Experimental Study On Role Of Stress In Premature Ageing And Its Management With Rasayana Yoga.Ph.D. thesis submitted to Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India. 2011. </ref>
-चूर्णीकृता ह्रस्वबलैर्योज्या दोषामयान् प्रति||३८||
+'''Rasayana as anti-oxidants:'''
-दशपैप्पलिकः श्रेष्ठो मध्यमः षट्प्रकीर्तितः|
-प्रयोगो यस्त्रिपर्यन्तः स कनीयान् सचाबलैः||३९||
-बृहणं स्वर्यमायुष्यं प्लीहोदरविनाशनम्|
-वयसः स्थापनं मेध्यं पिप्पलीनां रसायनम्||४०||
-(इति पिप्पलीवर्धमानं रसायनम्)|
-kramavr̥ddhyā daśāhāni daśapaippalikaṁ dinam|
-vardhayēt payasā sārdhaṁ tathaivāpanayēt punaḥ||36||
-jīrṇē jīrṇē cabhuñjīta ṣaṣṭikaṁ kṣīrasarpiṣā|
-pippalīnāṁ sahasrasya prayōgō'yaṁrasāyanam||37||
-piṣṭāstā balibhiḥ sēvyāḥ, śr̥tā madhyabalairnaraiḥ|
-cūrṇīkr̥tā hrasvabalairyōjyā dōṣāmayān prati||38||
-daśapaippalikaḥ śrēṣṭhō madhyamaḥ ṣaṭ  prakīrtitaḥ|
-prayōgō yastriparyantaḥ sa kanīyān sa cābalaiḥ||39||
-br̥haṇaṁ svaryamāyuṣyaṁ plīhōdaravināśanam|
-vayasaḥ sthāpanaṁ mēdhyaṁ pippalīnāṁ rasāyanam||40||
-(iti pippalīvardhamānaṁ  rasāyanam)|
-kramavRuddhyA dashAhAni dashapaippalikaM [1] dinam|
-vardhayet payasA sArdhaM tathaivApanayet punaH||36||
-jIrNe jIrNe ca bhu~jjIta ShaShTikaM kShIrasarpiShA|
-pippalInAM sahasrasya prayogo~ayaM rasAyanam||37||
-piShTAstA balibhiH sevyAH, shRutA madhyabalairnaraiH|
-cUrNIkRutA [2] hrasvabalairyojyA doShAmayAn prati||38||
-dashapaippalikaH shreShTho madhyamaH ShaT [3] prakIrtitaH|
-prayogo yastriparyantaH sa kanIyAn sa cAbalaiH||39||
-bRuhaNaM svaryamAyuShyaM plIhodaravinAshanam|
-vayasaH sthApanaM medhyaM pippalInAM rasAyanam||40||
-(iti pippalIvardhamAnaM [4] rasAyanam)|
-Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is ''rasayana'' in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''doshas'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The ''rasayana'' use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]
-===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====
-जरणान्तेऽभयामेकां प्राग्भुक्ताद् द्वे बिभीतके|
-भुक्त्वा तु मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां चत्वार्यामलकानि च||४१||
-प्रयोजयन् समामेकां त्रिफलाया रसायनम्|
-जीवेद्वर्षशतं पूर्णमजरोऽव्याधिरेव च||४२||
-(इति त्रिफलारसायनम्)|
-jaraṇāntē'bhayāmēkāṁ prāgbhuktād dvē bibhītakē|
-bhuktvā tu madhusarpirbhyāṁ catvāryāmalakāni ca||41||
-prayōjayan samāmēkāṁ triphalāyā rasāyanam|
-jīvēdvarṣaśataṁ pūrṇamajarō'vyādhirēva ca||42||
-(iti triphalārasāyanam)|
-jaraNAnte~abhayAmekAM prAgbhuktAd dve bibhItake|
-bhuktvA tu madhusarpirbhyAM catvAryAmalakAni ca||41||
-prayojayan samAmekAM triphalAyA rasAyanam|
-jIvedvarShashataM pUrNamajaro~avyAdhireva ca||42||
-(iti triphalArasAyanam)|
-One ''haritaki'' after digestion, two ''bibhitaka'' after meal and four ''amalaki'' after meal should be taken with honey and ghee for a year. This ''triphala rasayana'' helps a person live for one hundred years free from senility and disease. (41-42)
-===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====
-त्रैफलेनायसीं पात्रीं कल्केनालेपयेन्नवाम्|
-तमहोरात्रिकं लेपं पिबेत्क्षौद्रोदकाप्लुतम्||४३||
-प्रभूतस्नेहमशनं जीर्णे तत्र प्रशस्यते|
-अजरोऽरुक् समाभ्यासाज्जीवेच्चैव समाः शतम्||४४||
-(इति त्रिफलारसायनमपरम्)|
-traiphalēnāyasīṁ pātrīṁ kalkēnālēpayēnnavām|
-tamahōrātrikaṁ lēpaṁ pibēt  kṣaudrōdakāplutam||43||
-prabhūtasnēhamaśanaṁ jīrṇē tatra praśasyatē|
-ajarō'ruk samābhyāsājjīvēccaiva samāḥ śatam||44||
-(iti triphalārasāyanamaparam)|
-traiphalenAyasIM pAtrIM kalkenAlepayennavAm|
-tamahorAtrikaM lepaM pibet kShaudrodakAplutam||43||
-prabhUtasnehamashanaM jIrNe tatra prashasyate|
-ajaro~aruk samAbhyAsAjjIveccaiva samAH shatam||44||
-(iti triphalArasAyanamaparam)|
-A new iron plate should be pasted with the paste of ''triphala''. After twenty-four hours this paste should be collected and dissolved in honey water and consumed. After the medicine is digested one should take a meal with plenty of fat. By observing this procedure for a year one lives one hundred years free from senility and illness. [43-44]
-===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====
-मधुकेन तुगाक्षीर्या पिप्पल्या क्षौद्रसर्पिषा|
-त्रिफला सितया चापि युक्ता सिद्धं रसायनम्||४५||
-(इति त्रिफलारसायनमपरम्)|
-madhukēna tugākṣīryā pippalyā kṣaudrasarpiṣā|
-triphalā sitayā cāpi yuktā siddhaṁ rasāyanam||45||
-(iti triphalārasāyanamaparam)|
-madhukena tugAkShIryA pippalyA kShaudrasarpiShA|
-triphalA sitayA cApi yuktA siddhaM rasAyanam||45||
-(iti triphalArasAyanamaparam)|
-''Triphala'' mixed with ''madhuka, tugaksheeri, pippali'' along with honey and ghee or ''triphala'' with sugar is an effective ''rasayana''. [45]
-===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====
-सर्वलौहैः सुवर्णेन वचयामधुसर्पिषा|
-विडङ्गपिप्पलीभ्यां च त्रिफला लवणेन च||४६||
-संवत्सरप्रयोगेण मेधास्मृतिबलप्रदा|
-भवत्यायुःप्रदा धन्याजरारोगनिबर्हणी||४७||
-(इति त्रिफलारसायनमपरम्)|
-sarvalauhaiḥ  suvarṇēna vacayā madhusarpiṣā|
-viḍaṅgapippalībhyāṁ ca triphalā lavaṇēna ca||46||
-saṁvatsaraprayōgēṇa mēdhāsmr̥tibalapradā|
-bhavatyāyuḥpradā dhanyājarārōganibarhaṇī||47||
-(iti trphalārasāyanamaparam)|
-sarvalauhaiH [1] suvarNena vacayA madhusarpiShA|
-viDa~ggapippalIbhyAM ca triphalA lavaNena ca||46||
-saMvatsaraprayogeNa medhAsmRutibalapradA|
-bhavatyAyuHpradA dhanyA jarAroganibarhaNI||47||
-(iti triphalArasAyanamaparam)|
-''Triphala'' along with all six metals including gold, ''vacha'' or with ''vidanga'' and ''pippali'' or with ''lavana'' taken with honey and ghee for a year promotes intellect, memory and strength, longevity and excellence and relieves senility and diseases. [46-47]
-===== Properties of ''Shilajatu  rasayana'' =====
-अनम्लं च कषायं च कटु पाके शिलाजतु|
-नात्युष्णशीतं धातुभ्यश्चतुर्भ्यस्तस्यसम्भवः||४८||
-हेम्नश्च रजतात्ताम्राद्वरात् कृष्णायसादपि|
-रसायनं तद्विधिभिस्तद्वृष्यं तच्च रोगनुत्||४९||
-वातपित्तकफघ्नैश्च निर्यूहैस्तत् सुभावितम्|
-वीर्योत्कर्षं परं याति सर्वैरेकैकशोऽपि वा||५०||
-anamlaṁ ca kaṣāyaṁ ca kaṭu pākē śilājatu|
-nātyuṣṇaśītaṁ dhātubhyaścaturbhyastasya sambhavaḥ||48||
-hēmnaśca rajatāttāmrādvarāt kr̥ṣṇāyasādapi|
-rasāyanaṁ tadvidhibhistadvr̥ṣyaṁ tacca rōganut||49||
-vātapittakaphaghnaiśca niryūhaistat subhāvitam|
-vīryōtkarṣaṁ paraṁ yāti sarvairēkaikaśō'pi vā||50||
-anamlaM ca kaShAyaM ca kaTu pAke shilAjatu|
-nAtyuShNashItaM dhAtubhyashcaturbhyastasya sambhavaH||48||
-hemnashca rajatAttAmrAdvarAt [1] kRuShNAyasAdapi|
-rasAyanaM tadvidhibhistadvRuShyaM tacca roganut||49||
-vAtapittakaphaghnaishca niryUhaistat subhAvitam|
-vIryotkarShaM paraM yAti sarvairekaikasho~api vA||50||
-''Shilajatu'' originates from four metals – gold, silver, copper and black iron and is slightly sour, astringent in taste, ''katu'' in ''vipaka'' and is moderate in ''veerya''. This is ''rasayana'' in effect and if applied methodically it is aphrodisiac and alleviates diseases. Its potency enhances if it is impregnated with decoction of drugs alleviating ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' either singly or in combination. [48-50]
-प्रक्षिप्तोद्धृतमप्येनत् पुनस्तत् प्रक्षिपेद्रसे|
-कोष्णे सप्ताहमेतेन विधिना तस्य भावना||५१||
-पूर्वोक्तेन विधानेन लोहैश्चूर्णीकृतैः सह|
-तत् पीतं पयसा दद्याद्दीर्घमायु सुखान्वितम्||५२||
-जराव्याधिप्रशमनं देहदार्ढ्यकरं परम्|
-मेधास्मृतिकरं धन्यं क्षीराशी तत् प्रयोजयेत्||५३||
-प्रयोगः सप्तसप्ताहास्त्रयश्चैकश्च सप्तकः|
-निर्दिष्टस्त्रिविधस्तस्य परो मध्योऽवरस्तथा||५४||
-पलमर्धपलं कर्षो मात्रा तस्य त्रिधा मता |
-prakṣiptōddhr̥tamapyēnat punastat prakṣipēdrasē|
-kōṣṇē saptāhamētēna vidhinā tasyabhāvanā||51||
-pūrvōktēna vidhānēna lōhaiścūrṇīkr̥taiḥ saha|
-tat pītaṁ payasā dadyāddīrghamāyuḥ sukhānvitam||52||
-jarāvyādhipraśamanaṁ dēhadārḍhyakaraṁ param|
-mēdhāsmr̥tikaraṁ dhanyaṁ kṣīrāśī tat prayōjayēt||53||
-prayōgaḥ saptasaptāhāstrayaścaikaśca saptakaḥ|
-nirdiṣṭastrividhastasya parō madhyō'varastathā||54||
-palamardhapalaṁ karṣō mātrā tasya tridhā matā|
-prakShiptoddhRutamapyenat [1] punastat prakShipedrase|
-koShNe saptAhametena vidhinA tasya bhAvanA||51||
-pUrvoktena vidhAnena lohaishcUrNIkRutaiH saha|
-tat pItaM payasA dadyAddIrghamAyuH sukhAnvitam||52||
-jarAvyAdhiprashamanaM dehadArDhyakaraM param|
-medhAsmRutikaraM dhanyaM kShIrAshI tat prayojayet||53||
-prayogaH saptasaptAhAstrayashcaikashca saptakaH|
-nirdiShTastrividhastasya paro madhyo~avarastathA||54||
-palamardhapalaM karSho mAtrA tasya tridhA matA|55|
-''Shilajatu'' is impregnated by dipping it in lukewarm decoction and then taking it out at the end of the day, repeating the process for a week. ''Shilajatu'' mixed with ashed metals should be taken with milk by the prescribed method. This formulation provides happy long life, retards aging and disease, stabilizes the body, and promotes intellect and memory and excellence if taken with milk diet. The method of use is threefold viz. for seven weeks, three weeks and one week regarded as maximum, medium and minimum. The dose also is of three grades – 40 gms, 20 gms and 10 gms. [51-55]
-जातेर्विशेषं सविधिं तस्य वक्ष्याम्यतः परम्||५५||
-हेमाद्याः सूर्यसन्तप्ताः स्रवन्ति गिरिधातवः|
-जत्वाभं मृदुमृत्स्नाच्छं यन्मलं तच्छिलाजतु||५६||
-मधुरश्च सतिक्तश्च जपापुष्पनिभश्च यः|
-कटुर्विपाके शीतश्च स सुवर्णस्य निस्रवः ||५७||
-रूप्यस्य कटुकः श्वेतः शीतः स्वादु विपच्यते|
-ताम्रस्य बर्हिकण्ठाभस्तिक्तोष्णः पच्यते कटु ||५८||
-यस्तु गुग्गुलुकाभासस्तिक्तको लवणान्वितः|
-कटुर्विपाके शीतश्च सर्वश्रेष्ठः स चायसः ||५९||
-गोमूत्रगन्धयः सर्वे सर्वकर्मसु यौगिकाः|
-रसायनप्रयोगेषु पश्चिमस्तु विशिष्यते ||६०||
-यथाक्रमं वातपित्ते श्लेष्मपित्ते कफे त्रिषु|
-विशेषतः प्रशस्यन्ते मला हेमादिधातुजाः ||६१||
-jātērviśēṣaṁ savidhiṁ tasya vakṣyāmyataḥ param||55||
-hēmādyāḥ sūryasantaptāḥ sravanti giridhātavaḥ|
-jatvābhaṁ mr̥du mr̥tsnācchaṁ yanmalaṁ tacchilājatu||56||
-madhuraśca satiktaśca japāpuṣpanibhaśca yaḥ|
-kaṭurvipākē śītaśca sa suvarṇasya nisravaḥ||57||
-rūpyasya kaṭukaḥ śvētaḥ śītaḥ svādu vipacyatē|
-tāmrasya barhikaṇṭhābhastiktōṣṇaḥ pacyatē kaṭu||58||
-yastu guggulukābhāsastiktakō lavaṇānvitaḥ|
-kaṭurvipākē śītaśca sarvaśrēṣṭhaḥ sa cāyasaḥ||59||
-gōmūtragandhayaḥ sarvē sarvakarmasu yaugikāḥ|
-rasāyanaprayōgēṣu paścimastu viśiṣyatē||60||
-yathākramaṁ vātapittē ślēṣmapittē kaphē triṣu|
-viśēṣataḥ praśasyantē malā hēmādidhātujāḥ||61||
-jAtervisheShaM savidhiM tasya vakShyAmyataH param||55||
-hemAdyAH sUryasantaptAH sravanti giridhAtavaH|
-jatvAbhaM mRudu mRutsnAcchaM yanmalaM tacchilAjatu||56||
-madhurashca satiktashca japApuShpanibhashca yaH|
-kaTurvipAke shItashca sa suvarNasya nisravaH||57||
-rUpyasya kaTukaH shvetaH shItaH svAdu vipacyate|
-tAmrasya barhikaNThAbhastiktoShNaH pacyate kaTu||58||
-yastu guggulukAbhAsastiktako lavaNAnvitaH|
-kaTurvipAke shItashca sarvashreShThaH sa cAyasaH||59||
-gomUtragandhayaH sarve sarvakarmasu yaugikAH|
-rasAyanaprayogeShu pashcimastu vishiShyate||60||
-yathAkramaM vAtapitte shleShmapitte kaphe triShu|
-visheShataH prashasyante malA hemAdidhAtujAH||61||
-Specific characters according to the source and the method of administration will be explained now. The rocky ores of gold etc., when heated by the sun ooze a material like lac, soft, smooth and clear. This is ''shilajatu''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from gold ore is sweet, slightly bitter, having color like ''japa'' flower, pungent in ''vipaka'' and ''sheeta'' ''veerya''. That obtained from silver ore is pungent, white, cold and sweet in ''vipaka''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from copper ore is like peacock neck, bitter, hot and pungent in ''vipaka''. That which is like ''gugguluka'' is the best of all. All types of ''shilajatu'' smell like cow urine and are applicable in all conditions. However, in the use of ''rasayana'', the last one is preferred, the above types of ''shilajatu'' are useful in ''vata-pitta'', ''kapha-pitta, kapha'' and ''tridosha'' respectively. [55-61]
-शिलाजतुप्रयोगेषु विदाहीनि गुरूणि च|
-वर्जयेत् सर्वकालं तु कुलत्थान्  परिवर्जयेत्||६२||
-ते ह्यत्यन्तविरुद्धत्वादश्मनो भेदनाः परम्|
-लोके दृष्टास्ततस्तेषां प्रयोगःप्रतिषिध्यते||६३||
-पयांसि तक्राणि रसाः सयूषास्तोयं समूत्रा विविधाः कषायाः|
-आलोडनार्थं गिरिजस्य शस्तास्ते ते प्रयोज्याः प्रसमीक्ष्यकार्यम्||६४||
-न सोऽस्ति रोगो भुवि साध्यरूपः शिलाह्वयं यं न जयेत् प्रसह्य|
-तत् कालयोगैर्विधिभिः प्रयुक्तं स्वस्थस्य चोर्जां विपुलां ददाति||६५||
-(इति शिलाजतुरसायनम्)|
-śilājatuprayōgēṣu vidāhīni gurūṇica|
-varjayēt sarvakālaṁ tu kulatthānparivarjayēt||62||
-tē hyatyantaviruddhatvādaśmanō bhēdanāḥ param|
-lōkē dr̥ṣṭāstatastēṣāṁ prayōgaḥ pratiṣidhyatē||63||
-payāṁsi takrāṇirasāḥ sayūṣāstōyaṁ samūtrā vividhāḥ kaṣāyāḥ|
-ālōḍanārthaṁ girijasya śastāstē tē prayōjyāḥ prasamīkṣya kāryam||64||
-na sō'sti rōgō bhuvi sādhyarūpaḥ śilāhvayaṁ yaṁ na jayēt prasahya|
-tat kālayōgairvidhibhiḥ prayuktaṁ svasthasya cōrjāṁ vipulāṁ dadāti||65||
+Effect of rasayana therapy is assessed by its capacity to manage oxidative stress and prevent cellular damage. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed as a result of metabolism. They are highly reactive and can cause greater damage. Excessive accumulation initiates cellular damage and diseases. The anti-oxidants scavenge these free radicals and ROS, and make them harmless. <ref name=devangi> Devangi N Oza, Ila Tanna, B Ravishankar, HM Chandola. Evaluation of Bhringarajadi Ghrita Rasayana in Premature Ageing. Ayu. 2009 Apr;30(2):109-20.</ref>
+Malondialdehyde (MDA) is also a highly reactive compound and is considered as a marker for oxidative stress. These free radicals are neutralized usually by the antioxidant enzymes like Super oxide dismutase (SOD). In a study on 30 healthy individuals, Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) showed a significant increase in the levels of SOD and a decrease in MDA levels. <ref name=kuchewar> Kuchewar VV, Borkar MA, Nisargandha MA. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rasayana drugs in healthy human volunteers. Ayu. 2014 Jan;35(1):46-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.141919. PMID: 25364199; PMCID: PMC4213967.</ref>
-(iti śilājaturasāyanam)|
-shilAjatuprayogeShu vidAhIni gurUNi ca|
-varjayet sarvakAlaM tu kulatthAn [1] parivarjayet||62||
-te hyatyantaviruddhatvAdashmano bhedanAH param|
+Devasagayam’s group at Bhabha Atomic Research Center studied the mechanism of actions of ayurvedic anti-oxidants. They reported that ayurvedic herbs can show anti-oxidant activity at different levels.
-loke dRuShTAstatasteShAM prayogaH pratiShidhyate||63||
+Level 1: Suppression of radical formation
-payAMsi takrANi [2] rasAH sayUShAstoyaM samUtrA vividhAH kaShAyAH|
+Level 2: Scavenging of primary radicals
-AloDanArthaM girijasya shastAste te prayojyAH prasamIkShya kAryam||64||
+Level 3: Scavenging of secondary radicals
-na so~asti rogo bhuvi sAdhyarUpaH shilAhvayaM yaM na jayet prasahya|
+Level 4: Reconstitution of membranes
-tat kAlayogairvidhibhiH prayuktaM svasthasya corjAM vipulAM dadAti||65||
+Level 5: Repair of damage.
-(iti shilAjaturasAyanam)|
-One should avoid ''vidahi'' and heavy substances particularly horse gram during consumption of ''shilajatu''. Horse gram, due to exceedingly contradictory nature, breaks the stones as seen in the practice that is why its use is contraindicated. Milk, buttermilk, meat soup, vegetables soups, water, urine and various decoctions are used for dissolving ''shilajatu'' according to the object. There is no disease in the world which is not overcome by ''shilajatu''. It also provides great energy to the healthy person if used methodically as prescribed.  [62-65]
-तत्रश्लोकः-
-करप्रचितिके पादे दश षट् च महर्षिणा|
-रसायनानां सिद्धानां संयोगाः समुदाहृताः||६६||
-tatra ślōkaḥ-
-karapracitikē pādē daśa ṣaṭ ca maharṣiṇā|
-rasāyanānāṁ siddhānāṁ saṁyōgāḥsamudāhr̥tāḥ||66||
-tatra shlokaH-
-karapracitike pAde dasha ShaT ca maharShiNA|
-rasAyanAnAM siddhAnAM saMyogAH samudAhRutAH||66||
-Now the summing up verses –
-In the quarter on hand plucked ''amalaki'' fruits sixteen ''rasayana'' formulations have been described by the great sages. [66]
-इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते चिकित्सास्थाने रसायनाध्याये करप्रचितीयो नाम रसायनपादस्तृतीयः||३||
-ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē cikitsāsthānē rasāyanādhyāyē karapracitīyō nāma rasāyanapādastr̥tīyaḥ||3||
-ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute cikitsAsthAne rasAyanAdhyAye karapracitIyo nAma rasAyanapAdastRutIyaH||3||
-Thus ends the third quarter on hand plucked (''amalaki'' fruits) in the chapter on ''rasayana'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka. [3]
-==== Part IV: ''Ayurvedasamutthaniyam Rasayanapadam'' ====
-अथात आयुर्वेदसमुत्थानीयं रसायनपादं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
+Tinopsora is reported to work as anti-oxidant by suppressing the free radical formation, and reconstituting cell membrane and repair damage. Emblica is reported to work as anti-oxidant at all the five levels viz. suppress free radical formation, break chain initiation, break chain propagation, reconstitute membrane and repair damage. <ref name=ashokdb> Ashok D.B. Vaidya and Thomas P.A. Devasagayam; Current Status of Herbal Drugs in India: An Overview J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 41, July 2007, 1–11</ref>
-इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
-athāta āyurvēdasamutthānīyaṁ rasāyanapādaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
-iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
-athAta AyurvedasamutthAnIyaM rasAyanapAdaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
-iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
-Now I shall deliberate upon the fourth quarter (''pada'') in the chapter on ''rasayana'' dealing with the uplift of the science of life. As propounded by Lord Atreya. [1-2]
-ऋषयः खलु कदाचिच्छालीना यायावराश्च ग्राम्यौषध्याहाराः सन्तः साम्पन्निका मन्दचेष्टा नातिकल्याश्च प्रायेण बभूवुः|
+====Adaptogenic activitiy====
-ते सर्वासामितिकर्तव्यतानामसमर्थाः सन्तो ग्राम्यवासकृतमात्मदोषं मत्वा पूर्वनिवासमपगतग्राम्यदोषं शिवं पुण्यमुदारं मेध्यमगम्यमसुकृतिभिर्गङ्गाप्रभवममरगन्धर्वकिन्नरानुचरितमनेकरत्ननिचयमचिन्त्याद्भुतप्रभावं ब्रह्मर्षिशिद्धचारणानुचरितं दिव्यतीर्थौषधिप्रभवमतिशरण्यं हिमवन्तममराधिपतिगुप्तं जग्मुर्भृग्वङ्गिरोऽत्रिवसिष्ठकश्यपागस्त्यपुलस्त्यवामदेवासितगौतमप्रभृतयो महर्षयः||३||
-r̥ṣayaḥ khalu kadācicchālīnā yāyāvarāśca grāmyauṣadhyāhārāḥ santaḥ sāmpannikā mandacēṣṭā nātikalyāśca prāyēṇa babhūvuḥ| tē sarvāsāmitikartavyatānāmasamarthāḥ santō grāmyavāsakr̥tamātmadōṣaṁ matvā pūrvanivāsamapagatagrāmyadōṣaṁ śivaṁ puṇyamudāraṁ mēdhyamagamyamasukr̥tibhirgaṅgāprabhavamamaragandharvakinnarānucaritamanēkaratnanicayamacintyādbhutaprabhāvaṁ brahmarṣiśiddhacāraṇānucaritaṁ divyatīrthauṣadhiprabhavamatiśaraṇyaṁ himavantamamarādhipatiguptaṁ jagmurbhr̥gu, aṅgira, atri, vasiṣṭha, kaśyapa, Agastya, pulastya, Vāmadēva, Asita, Gautamaprabhr̥tayō maharṣayaḥ||3||
+Adaptogenic substances are defined as "substances meant to put the organism into a state of nonspecific heightened resistance in order to resist stresses and adapt to extraordinary challenges". In ayurvedic perspectives, the adaptogenic activity can be due to stable (sthira), heavy (guru) and cold (sheeta) potency. These qualities lead to stability, increased endurance and can slow the responses. [[Kapha]][[dosha]] possesses all the three qualities, while [[vata]][[dosha]] shows the contrary characteristics. Adaptogens can be a drug with pro-[[kapha]] and [[vata]] stabilizer activity. <ref name=deoleys/> The substances that have similar properties can be used as rasayana with adaptogenic activities.
-RuShayaH khalu kadAcicchAlInA yAyAvarAshca [1] grAmyauShadhyAhArAH santaH sAmpannikA mandaceShTA nAtikalyAshca prAyeNa babhUvuH|
+====Nutraceutical effect====
-te sarvAsAmitikartavyatAnAmasamarthAH santo grAmyavAsakRutamAtmadoShaM matvA pUrvanivAsamapagatagrAmyadoShaM shivaM puNyamudAraMmedhyamagamyamasukRutibhirga~ggAprabhavamamaragandharvakinnarAnucaritamanekaratnanicayamacintyAdbhutaprabhAvaMbrahmarShishiddhacAraNAnucaritaM divyatIrthauShadhiprabhavamatisharaNyaM himavantamamarAdhipatiguptaMjagmurbhRugva~ggiro~atrivasiShThakashyapAgastyapulastyavAmadevAsitagautamaprabhRutayo maharShayaH||3||
-The ''rishis'' hermits as well as wanderers, some times, due to consumption of household medicines and food often become obese, and slow in action and unhealthy trait. Being unable to perform their routine duties, they considered their own faults brought about by domestic living and thus shifted to their previous abode, Himalayas, which is free from domestic defects, propitious, pious, noble, favorable for intellect, unapproachable for the unholy, the source of origin of Ganga, frequented by the gods, ''gandharvas'' and ''kinnaras'', the place of many precious stones, having incomprehensible miraculous powers, resided by intellectual sages, accomplished persons and wanderers, the source of celestial centers and plants, the great savior and protected by the lord of gods. This group of great sages consisted of Bhrigu, Angiras, Atri, Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Agastya, Pulastya, Vamadeva, Asita, and Gautama etc. [3]
+Rasayana therapy can promote digestion at the microcellular level and promote microcirculation. The rasayana herbs are rich in micronutrients. They provide optimal nutrition to the body tissues ([[dhatu]]s). They can prevent ageing. <ref name=devangi/> Rasayana herbs have shown tissue and disease specific immunomodulatory action and also help to promote or restore functional immunity. It may also help to develop a micro environment in which a cell or tissue can grow smoothly. <ref name=sharmav> Sharma V, Chaudhary AK. Concepts of Dhatu Siddhanta (theory of tissues formation and differentiation) and Rasayana; probable predecessor of stem cell therapy. Ayu. 2014 Jul-Sep;35(3):231-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.153731. PMID: 26664231; PMCID: PMC4649578.</ref>
-तानिन्द्रःसहस्रदृगमरगुरुरब्रवीत्- स्वागतं ब्रह्मविदांज्ञानतपोधनानां ब्रह्मर्षीणाम्| अस्ति ननु वो ग्लानिरप्रभावत्वं वैस्वर्यं वैवर्ण्यं च ग्राम्यवासकृतमसुखमसुखानुबन्धं च; ग्राम्यो हि वासो मूलमशस्तानां, तत् कृतः पुण्यकृद्भिरनुग्रहः प्रजानां, स्वशरीरमवेक्षितुं कालःकालश्चायमायुर्वेदोपदेशस्य ब्रह्मर्षीणाम्; आत्मनः प्रजानां चानुग्रहार्थमायुर्वेदमश्विनौ मह्यं प्रायच्छतां, प्रजापतिरश्विभ्यां, प्रजापतये ब्रह्मा, प्रजानामल्पमायुर्जराव्याधिबहुलमसुखमसुखानुबन्धमल्पत्वादल्पतपोदमनियमदानाध्ययनसञ्चयंमत्वा पुण्यतममायुःप्रकर्षकरं जराव्याधिप्रशमनमूर्जस्करममृतं शिवं शरण्यमुदारं भवन्तो मत्तः श्रोतुमर्हताथोपधारयितुं प्रकाशयितुं च प्रजानुग्रहार्थमार्षं ब्रह्म च प्रति मैत्रीं कारुण्यमात्मनश्चानुत्तमं पुण्यमुदारं ब्राह्ममक्षयं कर्मेति||४||
+====Immunomodulatory====
+Rasayana therapy can improve immune response through immunomodulatory activity. Immune stimulants bring about a heightened resistance through the stimulation of non-specific defensive processes, largely independent of antigens. In ayurveda, immunity is dependent on status of [[ojas]], [[kapha]][[dosha]] and quality of [[rasa dhatu]]. Therefore, a rasayana herb that can improve [[rasa]], [[kapha]] and [[ojas]] can act as an immunomodulator. Phyllanthus emblica (amalaki) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) are proven for their immunomodulatory activity. <ref name=deoleys/>
-tānindraḥ sahasradr̥gamaragururabravīt- svāgataṁ brahmavidāṁ jñānatapōdhanānāṁ brahmarṣīṇām| asti nanu vō glāniraprabhāvatvaṁ vaisvaryaṁ vaivarṇyaṁ ca grāmyavāsakr̥tamasukhamasukhānubandhaṁ ca; grāmyō hi vāsō mūlamaśastānāṁ, tat kr̥taḥ puṇyakr̥dbhiranugrahaḥ prajānāṁ, svaśarīramavēkṣituṁ kālaḥ kālaścāyamāyurvēdōpadēśasya brahmarṣīṇām; ātmanaḥ prajānāṁ cānugrahārthamāyurvēdamaśvinau mahyaṁ prāyacchatāṁ, prajāpatiraśvibhyāṁ, prajāpatayē brahmā, prajānāmalpamāyurjarāvyādhibahulamasukhamasukhānubandhamalpatvādalpatapōdamaniyamadānādhyayanasañcayaṁ matvā puṇyatamamāyuḥprakarṣakaraṁ jarāvyādhipraśamanamūrjaskaramamr̥taṁ śivaṁ śaraṇyamudāraṁ bhavantō mattaḥ śrōtumarhatāthōpadhārayituṁ prakāśayituṁ ca prajānugrahārthamārṣaṁ brahma ca prati maitrīṁ kāruṇyamātmanaścānuttamaṁ puṇyamudāraṁ brāhmamakṣayaṁ karmēti||4||
+====Nootropics (cognition enhancers)====
-tAnindraH sahasradRugamaragururabravIt- svAgataM brahmavidAM j~jAnatapodhanAnAM brahmarShINAm|
+The medhya rasayana herbs promoting intellectual and memory functions can act as nootropics.  These can improve the higher integrative brain functions, such as memory, learning, understanding, thinking, and concentration capacity. It is assumed that nootropics stimulate existing neural synapses to optimum performance (adaptive capacity). This reduces damaging influences, such as disturbances of the energy and neurotransmitter metabolism or ischemia (protective capacity). <ref> Available from https://healthy.net/2000/12/06/drugs-with-adaptogenic-effects-for-strengthening-the-powers-of-resistance/ cited on 12/05/2021 </ref> The rasayana diet, herbs and regimen that influence intellect (dhi), restraint (dhriti) and memory (smriti) are nootropics. This again indicate the [[vata]]-[[pitta]] stabilizer and pro-[[kapha]] profile of the rasayana. <ref name=deoleys/> Rasayana drugs might act at the level of stem cells also. When the stem cell is treated with medhya rasayana drugs, nestin is an early marker of neuronal stem cell differentiation. <ref name=joshiks/>
-asti nanu vo glAniraprabhAvatvaM vaisvaryaM vaivarNyaM ca grAmyavAsakRutamasukhamasukhAnubandhaM ca; grAmyo hi vAso mUlamashastAnAM, tat kRutaHpuNyakRudbhiranugrahaH prajAnAM, svasharIramavekShituM kAlaH [1] kAlashcAyamAyurvedopadeshasya brahmarShINAm; AtmanaH prajAnAMcAnugrahArthamAyurvedamashvinau mahyaM prAyacchatAM, prajApatirashvibhyAM, prajApataye brahmA,prajAnAmalpamAyurjarAvyAdhibahulamasukhamasukhAnubandhamalpatvAdalpatapodamaniyamadAnAdhyayanasa~jcayaM matvApuNyatamamAyuHprakarShakaraM jarAvyAdhiprashamanamUrjaskaramamRutaM shivaM sharaNyamudAraM bhavanto mattaH shrotumarhatAthopadhArayituMprakAshayituM ca prajAnugrahArthamArShaM brahma ca prati maitrIM kAruNyamAtmanashcAnuttamaM puNyamudAraM brAhmamakShayaM karmeti||4||
-Indra, the visionary preceptor of gods, addressed them saying – welcome to the intellectual sages, the knower of Brahman, endowed with wealth of knowledge and penance. You are having malaise, lustrelessness, derangement of voice and complexion and ill health along with its associated corollaries caused by domestic living. Domestic living is the root of all the inauspicious effects. You have committed great favor to the people, now it is the time for intellectual sages to look to their own self and to enrich the science of life for the well being of your own self as well as of the people in general.
+====Anabolics====
-Ayurveda is made available to me by Ashwin who received it from Prajapati, who again received this knowledge from Brahma. Now looking to the short life span of the human beings, that too affected with senility and diseases associated with unhappiness and continuous suffering disturbing their performance of penance, restraint, regular practices, clarity and study you should learn from me, understand propagate the divine knowledge which is the holiest, prolonging life span, alleviating senility and diseases, generating energy, the nectar like, propitious savoir and noble for the welfare of the humanity with friendliness and compassion to them and to create for yourselves the best, holy, noble and immortal intellectual activity. [4]
+These substances, activate anabolism. They promote growth by synthesis of nucleic acids and protein metabolism. The rasayna herbs listed in vitalizer (jeevaniya), anti-aging (vayasthapana) category can promote strength (balya), bulk (pushti) and nourishment (brimhana).
-तच्छ्रुत्वा विबुधपतिवचनमृषयः सर्व एवामरवरमृग्भिस्तुष्टुवुः, प्रहृष्टाश्च तद्वचनमभिननन्दुश्चेति||५||
+===Researches on specific rasayana===
-tacchrutvā vibudhapativacanamr̥ṣayaḥ sarva ēvāmaravaramr̥gbhistuṣṭuvuḥ, prahr̥ṣṭāśca tadvacanamabhinananduścēti||5||
+====Amalaki rasayana====
-tacchrutvA vibudhapativacanamRuShayaH sarva evAmaravaramRugbhistuShTuvuH, prahRuShTAshca tadvacanamabhinanandushceti||5||
+In a study conducted on 116 healthy males, administration of 45gms of amalaki rasayana daily for 45 days showed significant increase in telomerase activity. This study also reports no change in telomere length within 90 days of administration of amalaki rasayana. Cellular senescence induced by lack of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres is one of the postulated theories of ageing. <ref name=gurukp> Guruprasad KP, Dash S, Shivakumar MB, Shetty PR, Raghu KS, Shamprasad BR, Udupi V, Acharya RV, Vidya PB, Nayak J, Mana AE, Moni R, Sankaran MT, Satyamoorthy K. Influence of Amalaki Rasayana on telomerase activity and telomere length in human blood mononuclear cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;8(2):105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28602428; PMCID: PMC5497001.</ref>
-After listening to the wisdom of the king of gods, all the rishis praised the precepter with incantations and applauded his statement with great pleasure. [5]
+DNA damage is also considered as an indicator of ageing. In another study conducted on Wister rats fed with amalaki rasyana, the DNA damage in neurons and astrocytes of the brain is found significantly less than that of control animals. <ref name=swainu> Swain U, Sindhu KK, Boda U, Pothani S, Giridharan NV, et al. (2011) Studies on the molecular correlates of genomic stability in rat brain cells following Amalakirasayana therapy. Mech. Ageing Develop. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.mad.2011.10.006.</ref>So amalaki rasayana is able to delay the onset of ageing process.
-===== ''Indrokta Rasayana'' =====
+Study on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) fed with amalaki rasayana shows an increase in median life span, fecundity, thermotolerance, starvation tolerance, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and faster development. The raised level of hnRNPs indicates a robust developmental gene expression. The improved thermotolerance may be due to the presence of abundant amounts of antioxidants in gooseberry (amalaki). <ref name=dwivediv> Dwivedi V, Anandan EM, Mony RS, Muraleedharan TS, Valiathan MS, Mutsuddi M, Lakhotia SC. In vivo effects of traditional Ayurvedic formulations in Drosophila melanogaster model relate with therapeutic applications. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037113. Epub 2012 May 14. PMID: 22606337; PMCID: PMC3351451.</ref> A 50% increase in lifespan is reported in a study where the Drosophila flies were treated with rasayana. The life span of flies treated with rasayana was 81-91 days while that of control group was 40-53 days. <ref name=priyas> Priyadarshini S, Ashadevi JS, Nagarjun V, Prasanna KS. Increase in Drosophila melanogaster longevity due to rasayana diet: Preliminary results. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Apr;1(2):114-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.65085. PMID: 21836798; PMCID: PMC3151378.</ref> A well-coordinated response to various cell stresses is required to maintain the homeostasis of the body. The inability of the body to respond to these stresses is one of the factors that bring ageing or age related debility.  Study on Drosophila fly shows supplementation of amalaki rasayana improves the tolerance to various cell stresses. The oxidative stress tolerance was improved and remarkably reduced accumulation of ROS was reported. Reduced lipid peroxidation levels and improved SOD activity suggests lesser oxidative damage. This might be the cause for improved fecundity and life span. <ref name=dwivediLakho> Dwivedi V, Lakhotia SC. Ayurvedic Amalaki Rasayana promotes improved stress tolerance and thus has anti-aging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biosci. 2016 Dec;41(4):697-711. doi: 10.1007/s12038-016-9641-x. PMID: 27966490.</ref>
-अथेन्द्रस्तदायुर्वेदामृतमृषिभ्यः -सङ्क्रम्योवाच- एतत् सर्वमनुष्ठेयम्, अयं च शिवः कालो रसायनानां, दिव्याश्चौषधयो हिमवत्प्रभवाः [१] प्राप्तवीर्याः; तद्यथा- ऐन्द्री, ब्राह्मी, पयस्या, क्षीरपुष्पी, श्रावणी, महाश्रावणी, शतावरी, विदारी, जीवन्ती, पुनर्नवा, नागबला, स्थिरा, वचा, छत्रा, अतिच्छत्रा, मेदा, महामेदा, जीवनीयाश्चान्याः पयसा प्रयुक्ताः षण्मासात् परमायुर्वयश्च तरुणमनामयत्वं स्वरवर्णसम्पदमुपचयं मेधां स्मृतिमुत्तमबलमिष्टांश्चापरान् भावानावहन्ति सिद्धाः||६||
+In a study conducted on 25 patients with iron deficiency anemia, amalaki rasayana is found to be effective in increasing the Hb%, RBC, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.   Transferrin saturation is found to be significantly increased. Symptoms like pallor, weakness, headache, fatigue, heaviness in body, anorexia and leg cramps were relieved significantly. Amalaki is a rich source of Ascorbic acid. Presence of Vit C in diet increases the absorption of nonheme iron up to six folds than normal. The antioxidant property of amalaki helps reduce the oxidative stress, which is one of the potent biochemical mechanisms involved in iron deficiency anemia. <ref name=Layeeq> Layeeq S, Thakar AB. Clinical efficacy of Amalaki Rasayana in the management of Pandu (Iron deficiency anemia). Ayu2015;36:290-7.</ref>
-(इतीन्द्रोक्तं रसायनम्)|
+The immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effect of amalaki rasayana is reported in an experimental study. Rats treated with cyclophosphamide show 50% reduction in induced weight loss when treated with amalaki rasayana. It attenuated the weight loss observed in thymus, kidney and spleen. This suggests thymus stimulating and nephroprotective action of amalaki rasayana. Histopathological examination after administering amalaki rasayana reveals the reversal of hepatotoxicity produced by cyclophosphamide.  Amalaki rasayana might have an action over various sets of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha, causing tissue degeneration. <ref name=rajanij> Rajani J, Ashok BK, G, Patgiri BJ, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Immunomodulatory activity of Āmalaki Rasāyana: An experimental evaluation. Ancient Sci Life 2012;32:93-8.</ref>
-athēndrastadāyurvēdāmr̥tamr̥ṣibhyaḥ - saṅkramyōvāca- ētat sarvamanuṣṭhēyam,
+====Brahma rasayana====
-ayaṁ ca śivaḥ kālō rasāyanānāṁ, divyāścauṣadhayō himavatprabhavāḥprāptavīryāḥ; tadyathā- aindrī, brāhmī, payasyā, kṣīrapuṣpī, śrāvaṇī, mahāśrāvaṇī, śatāvarī, vidārī, jīvantī, punarnavā, nāgabalā, sthirā, vacā, chatrā, aticchatrā, mēdā, mahāmēdā, jīvanīyāścānyāḥ payasā prayuktāḥ ṣaṇmāsāt paramāyurvayaśca taruṇamanāmayatvaṁ svaravarṇasampadamupacayaṁ mēdhāṁ smr̥timuttamabalamiṣṭāṁścāparān bhāvānāvahanti siddhāḥ||6||
-(itīndrōktaṁ rasāyanam)|
+Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activity of Brahma rasayana is reported along with improvement in learning and memory in mice. Significant reduction in Factor VIII, pro-angiogenic factors like VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2 suggests the possible anti-angiogenic property of Brahma rasayana. Mice treated with Brahma rasayana shows a significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations and micro nuclei when exposed to mutagens. An increased anti-oxidant and detoxification enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S transferase are also reported. It also shows excellent protection against sperm abnormalities along with an increase in sperm count. <ref name=gurumascare> Guruprasad KP, Mascarenhas R, Gopinath PM, Satyamoorthy K. Studies on Brahma rasayana in male swiss albino mice: Chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010 Jan;1(1):40-4. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.59826. PMID: 21829300; PMCID: PMC3149391.</ref>
-athendrastadAyurvedAmRutamRuShibhyaH sa~gkramyovAca- etat sarvamanuShTheyam, ayaM ca shivaH kAlo rasAyanAnAM, divyAshcauShadhayohimavatprabhavAH [1] prAptavIryAH; tadyathA- aindrI, brAhmI, payasyA, kShIrapuShpI, shrAvaNI, mahAshrAvaNI, shatAvarI, vidArI, jIvantI, punarnavA, nAgabalA,sthirA, vacA, chatrA, aticchatrA, medA, mahAmedA, jIvanIyAshcAnyAH payasA prayuktAH ShaNmAsAt paramAyurvayashca taruNamanAmayatvaMsvaravarNasampadamupacayaM medhAM smRutimuttamabalamiShTAMshcAparAn bhAvAnAvahanti siddhAH||6||
+====Ashwagandha====
-(itIndroktaM rasAyanam)|
-Indra, having infused the nectar of Ayurveda to these ''rishis'' said – now all this has to be brought into action. Now is the auspicious time for ''rasayana'' and the celestial drugs grown in Himalaya are also matured such as ''aindri, brahmi, payasya, ksheerapushpi, shravani,'' ''mahashravani'', ''shatavari, vidari, jeevanti, punarnava, nagabala, sthira, vacha, chatra, atichchatra, meda, mahameda'' and other vitalizing drugs if taken with milk for six months will certainly induce maximum life span, youthful age, disease free, excellence of voice and complexion, corpulence, intellect, memory,  quality strength and other desired effects. [6]
-ब्रह्मसुवर्चला नामौषधिर्या हिरण्यक्षीरा पुष्करसदृशपत्रा, आदित्यपर्णी नामौषधिर्या ‘सूर्यकान्ता’ इति विज्ञायते सुवर्णक्षीरा सूर्यमण्डलाकारपुष्पाच, नारीनामौषधिः‘अश्वबला’ इति विज्ञायते या बल्वजसदृशपत्रा काष्ठगोधा नामौषधिर्गोधाकारा, सर्पानामौषधिः सर्पाकारा, सोमो नामौषधिराजः पञ्चदशपर्वा स सोम इव हीयते वर्धते च, पद्मा नामौषधिः पद्माकारा पद्मरक्ता पद्मगन्धाच, अजा नामौषधिः ‘अजशृङ्गी’ इति विज्ञायते, नीला नामौषधिस्तु नीलक्षीरा नीलपुष्पा लताप्रतानबहुलेति; आसामोषधीनां यां यामेवोपलभेत तस्यास्तस्याः स्वरसस्य सौहित्यं गत्वा स्नेहभावितायामार्द्रपलाशद्रोण्यां सपिधानायां दिग्वासाः शयीत, तत्र प्रलीयते, षण्मासेन पुनः सम्भवति, तस्याजं पयः प्रत्यवस्थापनं; षण्मासेन देवतानुकारी भवति वयोवर्णस्वराकृतिबलप्रभाभिः, स्वयं चास्य सर्ववाचोगतानि प्रादुर्भवन्ति, दिव्यं चास्य चक्षुः श्रोत्रं
-च भवति, गतिर्योजनसहस्रं दशवर्षसहस्राण्यायुरनुपद्रवं चेति||७||
-brahmasuvarcalā nāmauṣadhiryā hiraṇyakṣīrā puṣkarasadr̥śapatrā, ādityaparṇī nāmauṣadhiryā ‘sūryakāntā’ itivijñāyatē suvarṇakṣīrā sūryamaṇḍalākārapuṣpā ca, nārīnāmauṣadhiḥ ‘aśvabalā’ iti vijñāyatē yā balvajasadr̥śapatrā, kāṣṭhagōdhā nāmauṣadhirgōdhākārā, sarpānāmauṣadhiḥ sarpākārā, sōmō nāmauṣadhirājaḥ pañcadaśaparvā sa sōma iva hīyatē vardhatē ca, padmā nāmauṣadhiḥ padmākārā padmaraktā padmagandhā ca, ajā nāmauṣadhiḥ ‘ajaśr̥ṅgī’ iti vijñāyatē, nīlā nāmauṣadhistu nīlakṣīrā nīlapuṣpā latāpratānabahulēti; āsāmōṣadhīnāṁ yāṁ yāmēvōpalabhēta tasyāstasyāḥ svarasasya sauhityaṁ gatvā snēhabhāvitāyāmārdrapalāśadrōṇyāṁ sapidhānāyāṁ digvāsāḥ śayīta, tatra pralīyatē, ṣaṇmāsēna punaḥ sambhavati, tasyājaṁ payaḥ pratyavasthāpanaṁ; ṣaṇmāsēna dēvatānukārī bhavati vayōvarṇasvarākr̥tibalaprabhābhiḥ, svayaṁ cāsya sarvavācōgatāni prādurbhavanti, divyaṁ cāsya cakṣuḥ śrōtraṁ ca bhavati, gatiryōjanasahasraṁ daśavarṣasahasrāṇyāyuranupadravaṁ cēti||7||
-brahmasuvarcalA nAmauShadhiryA hiraNyakShIrA puShkarasadRushapatrA, AdityaparNI nAmauShadhiryA ‘sUryakAntA’ iti vij~jAyate suvarNakShIrAsUryamaNDalAkArapuShpA ca, nArInAmauShadhiH ‘ashvabalA’ iti vij~jAyate yA balvajasadRushapatrA [1] , kAShThagodhA nAmauShadhirgodhAkArA,sarpAnAmauShadhiH sarpAkArA, somo nAmauShadhirAjaH pa~jcadashaparvA [2] sa soma iva hIyate vardhate ca, padmA nAmauShadhiH padmAkArA padmaraktApadmagandhA ca, ajA nAmauShadhiH ‘ajashRu~ggI’ iti vij~jAyate, nIlA nAmauShadhistu nIlakShIrA nIlapuShpA latApratAnabahuleti; AsAmoShadhInAM yAMyAmevopalabheta tasyAstasyAH svarasasya sauhityaM gatvA snehabhAvitAyAmArdrapalAshadroNyAM sapidhAnAyAM digvAsAH shayIta, tatra pralIyate, ShaNmAsenapunaH sambhavati, tasyAjaM payaH pratyavasthApanaM; ShaNmAsena devatAnukArI bhavati vayovarNasvarAkRutibalaprabhAbhiH, svayaM cAsya sarvavAcogatAniprAdurbhavanti, divyaM cAsya cakShuH shrotraM ca bhavati, gatiryojanasahasraM dashavarShasahasrANyAyuranupadravaM ceti||7||
-''Brahmasuvarchala'' is the herb having golden latex and lotus like leaves, ''adityaparni'' is the herb which is known as the “sun’s beloved” and has golden latex and flowers like sun disc, ''nari'' is the herb known as ''ashvabala'' having leaves like those of ''balwaja'', ''kashthagodha'' is the iguana shaped herb, ''sarpa'' is the serpent shaped herb, ''soma'' is the king of herbs having fifteen nodes and increasing and decreasing according to the condition of the moon, ''padma'' is the herb having shape, colour and fragrance like that of lotus, ''aja'' is the herb known as ''ajashringi'', ''neela'' is the climber plant having blue latex and flowers and diffused branches. Of these plants whichever are available should be taken in the form of juice in full quantity. Thereafter one should sleep naked in the covered tube made of wet ''palasha'' wood and anointed with fat. Then he disappears and reappears in six months. Then he should live on goat’s milk. In six months such a person becomes gods like in age, complexion, voice, face, strength and luster, great intuition, he attains divine vision and audition, becomes able to move up to thousand ''yojana'' and assumes unaffected life span of thousand years. [7]
-भवन्ति चात्र-
-दिव्यानामोषधीनां यः प्रभावः स भवद्विधैः|
-शक्यः सोढुमशक्यस्तु स्यात् सोढुमकृतात्मभिः||८||
+Adaptogenic and anti-stress properties of ashwagandha are reported in number of studies. It is effective in preventing stress induced ulcers in GIT, increases body weight and reduce leucocytosis. It has anti-tumor activity as it shows long term growth inhibition on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells carcinoma. In neurodegenerative diseases, it shows preventive and curative effect. It removes or restores the neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss and might be having GABA mimetic activity. Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ashwagandha are also reported. <ref name=singhbhalla> Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-13. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Epub 2011 Jul 3. PMID: 22754076; PMCID: PMC3252722.</ref>
-ओषधीनां प्रभावेण तिष्ठतां स्वे च कर्मणि|
-भवतां निखिलं श्रेयः सर्वमेवोपपत्स्यते||९||
-वानप्रस्थैर्गृहस्थैश्च प्रयतैर्नियतात्मभिः|
-शक्या ओषधयो ह्येताः सेवितुं विषयाभिजाः||१०||
-bhavanti cātra-
-divyānāmōṣadhīnāṁ yaḥ prabhāvaḥ sa bhavadvidhaiḥ|
-śakyaḥ sōḍhumaśakyastu syāt sōḍhumakr̥tātmabhiḥ||8||
-ōṣadhīnāṁ prabhāvēṇa tiṣṭhatāṁ svē ca karmaṇi|
-bhavatāṁ nikhilaṁ śrēyaḥ sarvamēvōpapatsyatē||9||
-vānaprasthairgr̥hasthaiśca prayatairniyatātmabhiḥ|
-śakyā ōṣadhayō hyētāḥ sēvituṁ viṣayābhijāḥ||10||
-bhavanti cAtra-
-divyAnAmoShadhInAM yaH prabhAvaH sa bhavadvidhaiH|
-shakyaH soDhumashakyastu syAt soDhumakRutAtmabhiH||8||
-oShadhInAM prabhAveNa tiShThatAM sve ca karmaNi|
-bhavatAM nikhilaM shreyaH sarvamevopapatsyate||9||
-vAnaprasthairgRuhasthaishca prayatairniyatAtmabhiH|
+====Brahmi====
-shakyA oShadhayo hyetAH sevituM viShayAbhijAH||10||
+Bacapo monneri and Centella aceatica are potent free radical scavengers and have reducing power activity.  Reactive nitrogen species plays an important role in many pathological conditions including cancer. Nitric oxide quenching capacity is also reported for Bacopa monneri and Centella aceatica. Lipid peroxidation protection activity is also reported for these two plants. This helps to prevent the nerve damage due to oxidative stress. <ref name=mukherjee> Mukherjee S, Dugad S, Bhandare R, Pawar N, Jagtap S, Pawar PK, Kulkarni O. Evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Mandookparni (Centella asiatica). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):258-64. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92549. PMID: 22408313; PMCID: PMC3296351.</ref>
-Here are the verses –
+====Pippali rasayana====
-The therapeutic impact of divine herbs can be sustained only by the individuals like you and not by those with uncontrolled self. By the effect of these herbs you will attain all desired merits while on your normal duties. The herbs growing in sacred lands can be utilized by forest dwellers as well as by householders as duly prescribed with self restraint.  [8-10]
-यास्तु क्षेत्रगुणैस्तेषां मध्यमेन च कर्मणा|
-मृदुवीर्यतरास्तासां विधिर्ज्ञेयः स एव तु||११||
-पर्येष्टुं ताः प्रयोक्तुं वा येऽसमर्थाः सुखार्थिनः|
-रसायनविधिस्तेषामयमन्यः प्रशस्यते||१२||
-Yāstu kṣētraguṇaistēṣāṁ madhyamēna ca karmaṇā|
-mr̥duvīryatarāstāsāṁ vidhirjñēyaḥ sa ēva tu||11||
-paryēṣṭuṁ tāḥ prayōktuṁ vā yē'samarthāḥ sukhārthinaḥ|
-rasāyanavidhistēṣāmayamanyaḥ praśasyatē||12||
-yAstu [1] kShetraguNaisteShAM madhyamena ca karmaNA|
-mRuduvIryatarAstAsAM vidhirj~jeyaH sa eva tu||11||
-paryeShTuM tAH prayoktuM vA ye~asamarthAH sukhArthinaH|
-rasAyanavidhisteShAmayamanyaH prashasyate||12||
-These divine herbs produce milder effect in case of different habitat, subject and mode of administration through the method of intake in the same for all. The individuals with luxurious living who are unable to search or use these herbs should resort to the other methods of ''rasayana'' which are described below. [11-12]
-बल्यानां जीवनीयानां बृंहणीयाश्च या दश|
-वयसः स्थापनानां च खदिरस्यासनस्य च||१३||
-खर्जूराणां मधूकानां मुस्तानामुत्पलस्य च|
-मृद्वीकानां विडङ्गानां वचायाश्चित्रकस्य च||१४||
-शतावर्याः पयस्यायाः पिप्पल्या जोङ्गकस्य च|
-ऋध्द्या नागबलायाश्च द्वारदाया धवस्य च||१५||
-त्रिफलाकण्टकार्योश्च विदार्याश्चन्दनस्य च|
-इक्षूणां शरमूलानां श्रीपर्ण्यास्तिनिशस्य च||१६||
-रसाः पृथक् पृथग्ग्राह्याः पलाशक्षार एव च|
-एषां पलोन्मितान् भागान् पयो गव्यं चतुर्गुणम्||१७||
-द्वे पात्रे तिलतैलस्य द्वे च गव्यस्य सर्पिषः|
-तत् साध्यं सर्वमेकत्र सुसिद्धं स्नेहमुद्धरेत्||१८||
-तत्रामलकचूर्णानामाढकं शतभावितम् |
-स्वरसेनैव दातव्यं क्षौद्रस्याभिनवस्य च||१९||
-शर्कराचूर्णपात्रं च प्रस्थमेकं प्रदापयेत्|
-तुगाक्षीर्याः सपिप्पल्याः स्थाप्यं सम्मूर्च्छितं च तत्||२०||
-सुचौक्षे मार्तिके कुम्भे मासार्धं घृतभाविते|
-मात्रामग्निसमां तस्य तत ऊर्ध्वं प्रयोजयेत्||२१||
-हेमताम्रप्रवालानामयसः स्फटिकस्य च|
-मुक्तावैदूर्यशङ्खानां चूर्णानां रजतस्य च||२२||
-प्रक्षिप्य षोडशीं मात्रां विहायायासमैथुनम्|
-जीर्णे जीर्णे च भुञ्जीत षष्टिकं क्षीरसर्पिषा||२३||
-सर्वरोगप्रशमनं वृष्यमायुष्यमुत्तमम्|
-सत्त्वस्मृतिशरीराग्निबुद्धीन्द्रियबलप्रदम्||२४||
-परमूर्जस्करं चैव वर्णस्वरकरं तथा|
-विषालक्ष्मीप्रशमनं सर्ववाचोगतप्रदम्||२५||
-सिद्धार्थतां चाभिनवं वयश्च प्रजाप्रियत्वं च यशश्च लोके|
-प्रयोज्यमिच्छद्भिरिदं यथावद्रसायनं ब्राह्ममुदारवीर्यम्||२६||
-(इतीन्द्रोक्तरसायनमपरम्)|
-balyānāṁ jīvanīyānāṁ br̥ṁhaṇīyāśca yā daśa|
-vayasaḥ sthāpanānāṁ ca khadirasyāsanasya ca||13||
-kharjūrāṇāṁ madhūkānāṁ mustānāmutpalasya ca|
-mr̥dvīkānāṁ viḍaṅgānāṁ vacāyāścitrakasya ca||14||
-śatāvaryāḥ payasyāyāḥ pippalyā jōṅgakasya ca|
-r̥dhdyā nāgabalāyāśca dvāradāyā dhavasya ca||15||
-triphalākaṇṭakāryōśca vidāryāścandanasya ca|
-ikṣūṇāṁ śaramūlānāṁ śrīparṇyāstiniśasya ca||16||
-rasāḥ pr̥thak pr̥thaggrāhyāḥ palāśakṣāra ēva ca|
-ēṣāṁ palōnmitān bhāgān payō gavyaṁ caturguṇam||17||
-dvē pātrē tilatailasya dvē ca gavyasya sarpiṣaḥ|
-tat sādhyaṁ sarvamēkatra susiddhaṁ snēhamuddharēt||18||
+Administration of Pippali rasayana in escalating dose pattern shows significant reduction in pain, stiffness and swelling of joints in 73 patients having rheumatoid arthritis (amavata). The range of motion of joints was improved along with a significant reduction in ESR levels. <ref name=sonia> Soni A, Patel K, Gupta SN. Clinical evaluation of Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):177-80. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.92555. PMID: 22408298; PMCID: PMC3296336.</ref>
-tatrāmalakacūrṇānāmāḍhakaṁ śatabhāvitam|
-svarasēnaiva dātavyaṁ kṣaudrasyābhinavasya ca||19||
+====Kushmanda====
-śarkarācūrṇapātraṁ ca prasthamēkaṁ pradāpayēt|
+The skin renewal and anti-oxidant property of Benincasa hispida (kusmanda) used as a topical application is reported in an in-vitro study which points out the possibility of its use as a topical anti ageing preparation.<ref name=sabale>Sabale V, Kunjwani H, Sabale P. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of the topical antiageing preparation of the fruit of Benincasa hispida. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011;2:124-8.</ref>
-tugākṣīryāḥ sapippalyāḥ sthāpyaṁ sammūrcchitaṁ ca tat||20||
+====Rasayana formulation====
-sucaukṣē mārtikē kumbhē māsārdhaṁ ghr̥tabhāvitē|
+A polyherbal compound, rasayanaghana (made from Tribulus terrestris, Tinospora cordifolia and Emblica officinalis), was studied for antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in experimental animals. The formulation showed mild anxiolytic activity, moderate significant anti-depressant activity comparable to Imipramine (standard antidepressant) and a significant increase in anti-oxidant activity at cellular level. It also showed significant gastro protective activity against forced swimming stress induced gastric ulcers. Tinospora cordifolia have a daptogenic and anti oxidant properties along with stress attenuating activity. The harmine content in Tribulus acts as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibiter leading to higher dopamine levels in brain, which elevates the mood.<ref name=deolechavan>Deole YS, Chavan SS, Ashok BK, Ravishankar B, Thakar AB, Chandola HM. Evaluation of anti-depressant and anxiolytic activity of Rasayana Ghana Tablet (A compound Ayurvedic formulation) in albino mice. Ayu. 2011 Jul;32(3):375-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.93918. PMID: 22529654; PMCID: PMC3326886.</ref>  In clinical study, the treatment with rasayanaghanavati (RGT) showed 8.62% increase in the level of DHEAs in a span of two months. De hydro epi aldosterone decreases with age. The formulation also showed significant improvement in parameters of quality of life scale.<ref name=deoleys/>
-mātrāmagnisamāṁ tasya tata ūrdhvaṁ prayōjayēt||21||
+====Bhrngarajadighrita rasayana====
-hēmatāmrapravālānāmayasaḥ sphaṭikasya ca|
+Bhringarajadighrita rasayana, a formulation which contains Eclipta alba, Sesamum orientale, Embelica officinalis, cow’s milk, ghee and sugar is found to be effective in reducing the general debility, graying of hairs, fatigue etc. associated with premature ageing.<ref name=devangi/>
-muktāvaidūryaśaṅkhānāṁ cūrṇānāṁ rajatasya ca||22||
+====Rasayana as an adjuvant to chemotherapy====
-prakṣipya ṣōḍaśīṁ mātrāṁ vihāyāyāsamaithunam|
-jīrṇē jīrṇē ca bhuñjīta ṣaṣṭikaṁ kṣīrasarpiṣā||23||
-sarvarōgapraśamanaṁ vr̥ṣyamāyuṣyamuttamam|
-sattvasmr̥tiśarīrāgnibuddhīndriyabalapradam||24||
-paramūrjaskaraṁ caiva varṇasvarakaraṁ tathā|
-viṣālakṣmīpraśamanaṁ sarvavācōgatapradam||25||
-siddhārthatāṁ cābhinavaṁ vayaśca prajāpriyatvaṁ ca yaśaśca lōkē|
-prayōjyamicchadbhiridaṁ yathāvadrasāyanaṁ brāhmamudāravīryam||26||
-(itīndrōktarasāyanamaparam)|
-balyAnAM jIvanIyAnAM bRuMhaNIyAshca yA dasha|
-vayasaH sthApanAnAM ca khadirasyAsanasya ca||13||
+In a study on 36 cancer patients, effect of a polyherbal rasayana formulation was studied as an adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The rasayana preparation was made from Emblica officinalis (amalaki), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi), Glycirrhiza glabra (yashtimadhu), Leptadenia reticulata (jivanti), Ocimum sanctum (tulasi) and Piper longum (pippali), in electuary form. It effectively reduces the symptoms like vomiting, mucocitis, fatigue, xerostomia, alopecia, and tastelessness than those treated without rasayana. The weight loss associated with the cancer treatment was comparatively less in patients treated with rasayana compound. Flavonoids present in these herbs, are potent anti oxidant and provide protection against H2O2 cytotoxicity, created by radiotherapy. It also helps in the termination of lipid peroxidation chain reaction which is formed as a result of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents.<ref name=vyasp>Vyas P, Thakar AB, Baghel MS, Sisodia A, Deole Y. Efficacy of Rasayana Avaleha as adjuvant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in reducing adverse effects. Ayu. 2010 Oct;31(4):417-23. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.82029. PMID: 22048532; PMCID: PMC3202271.</ref>
-kharjUrANAM madhUkAnAM mustAnAmutpalasya ca|
+====Tuvaraka rasayana in psoriasis====
-mRudvIkAnAM viDa~ggAnAM vacAyAshcitrakasya ca||14||
-shatAvaryAH payasyAyAH pippalyA jo~ggakasya ca|
+Administration of tuvaraka rasayana (rasayana preparation made out of Hydnocarpus laurifolia) alternatively for 5 days in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris showed reduction in PASI score from 42 to 3.8. The rasayana was administered after purification procedures. Complete remission of the lesions making PASI score 0 was observed. The histopathological study also reveals the complete remission of psoriasis on follow-up.<ref name=krishnakumar>Krishna Kumar K, Chacko J. Thuvaraka rasayana regimen in Psoriasis vulgaris - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):41-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.04.003. Epub 2019 Jan 1. PMID: 30606464; PMCID: PMC6470303.</ref>
-RudhdyA nAgabalAyAshca dvAradAyA dhavasya ca||15||
-triphalAkaNTakAryoshca vidAryAshcandanasya ca|
-ikShUNAM sharamUlAnAM shrIparNyAstinishasya ca||16||
-rasAH pRuthak pRuthaggrAhyAH palAshakShAra eva ca|
-eShAM palonmitAn bhAgAn payo gavyaM caturguNam||17||
-dve pAtre tilatailasya dve ca gavyasya sarpiShaH|
-tat sAdhyaM sarvamekatra susiddhaM snehamuddharet||18||
-tatrAmalakacUrNAnAmADhakaM shatabhAvitam|
-svarasenaiva dAtavyaM kShaudrasyAbhinavasya ca||19||
-sharkarAcUrNapAtraM ca prasthamekaM pradApayet|
-tugAkShIryAH sapippalyAH sthApyaM sammUrcchitaM ca tat||20||
-sucaukShe mArtike kumbhe mAsArdhaM ghRutabhAvite|
-mAtrAmagnisamAM tasya tata UrdhvaM prayojayet||21||
-hematAmrapravAlAnAmayasaH sphaTikasya ca|
-muktAvaidUryasha~gkhAnAM cUrNAnAM rajatasya ca||22||
-prakShipya ShoDashIM mAtrAM vihAyAyAsamaithunam|
-jIrNe jIrNe ca bhu~jjIta ShaShTikaM kShIrasarpiShA||23||
-sarvarogaprashamanaM vRuShyamAyuShyamuttamam|
-sattvasmRutisharIrAgnibuddhIndriyabalapradam||24||
-paramUrjaskaraM caiva varNasvarakaraM tathA|
-viShAlakShmIprashamanaM sarvavAcogatapradam||25||
-siddhArthatAM cAbhinavaM vayashca prajApriyatvaM ca yashashca loke|
-prayojyamicchadbhiridaM yathAvadrasAyanaM brAhmamudAravIryam||26||
-(itIndroktarasAyanamaparam)|
-Ten herbs of strength promoting, vitality promoting, bulk promoting and age sustaining groups, ''khadira, beejaka, kharjura, madhuka, musta, utpala, mridveeka,  vidanga, vacha, chitraka, shatavari, payasya, pippali, aguru, riddhi, nagabala, shaka, dhava, triphala, kanthakari, vidari, chandana, ikshu,'' roots of ''shara, gambhari'' and ''tinisha'' – juice of all these drugs and ''palasha kshara'' should be taken in the quantity of 40 gms each, cow milk four times, ''tila'' oil and cow ghee each 5.12 kg, should be added to it and cooked together. After it is well cooked, the fatty preparation should be brought down. 2.56 kg each of ''amalaka'' powder impregnated hundred times with ''amalaka'' juice, fresh honey and powdered sugar 640 gms each of ''vamshalochana'' and ''pippali'' should be mixed together well. The preparation should be kept in a well cleansed earthen pot smeared with ghee for a fortnight. Then the dose as per the digestive capacity should be used mixing it with powder of gold, copper, coral, iron, quartz, pearl, cats eye, conch and silver in 1/16 quantity. During the period of medication the patient should avoid exertion and sexual intercourse and should take diet of ''shashtika'' rice along with ghee extracted from milk after the previous meal is digested. This ''rasayana'' remedy relieves all diseases, is aphrodisiac, excellent enhancer of life span, provides strength to psyche, memory, physique, digestive fire, intellect and senses, promotes energy, complexion, and voice, alleviates poison and inauspiciousness and renders the words truthful. This intellect promoting and broad spectrum ''rasayana'' formulation should be used properly by those who desire success, youthfulness, charming personality and social image. [13-26]
-समर्थानामरोगाणां धीमतां नियतात्मनाम्|
-कुटीप्रवेशः क्षणिनां परिच्छदवतां हितः||२७||
-अतोऽन्यथा तु ये तेषां सौर्यमारुतिको विधिः|
-तयोः श्रेष्ठतरः पूर्वो विधिः सतुसुदुष्करः||२८||
-रसायनविधिभ्रंशाज्जायेरन् व्याधयो यदि|
-यथास्वमौषधं तेषां कार्यं मुक्त्वा रसायनम्||२९||
-samarthānāmarōgāṇāṁ dhīmatāṁ niyatātmanām|
-kuṭīpravēśaḥ kṣaṇināṁ paricchadavatāṁ hitaḥ||27||
-atō'nyathā tu yē tēṣāṁ sauryamārutikō vidhiḥ|
-tayōḥ śrēṣṭhataraḥ pūrvō vidhiḥ sa tu suduṣkaraḥ||28||
-rasāyanavidhibhraṁśājjāyēran vyādhayō yadi|
-yathāsvamauṣadhaṁ tēṣāṁ kāryaṁ muktvā rasāyanam||29||
-samarthAnAmarogANAM dhImatAM niyatAtmanAm|
-kuTIpraveshaH kShaNinAM [1] paricchadavatAM hitaH||27||
-ato~anyathA tu ye teShAM sauryamArutiko vidhiH|
-tayoH shreShThataraH pUrvo vidhiH sa tu suduShkaraH||28||
-rasAyanavidhibhraMshAjjAyeran vyAdhayo yadi|
-yathAsvamauShadhaM teShAM kAryaM muktvA rasAyanam||29||
-The indoor regimen of ''rasayana'' therapy is prescribed for those who are fit, disease free, wise, self controlled, leisurely and are wealthy otherwise the outdoor method of ''vatatapika rasayana'' therapy is advisable. The former kind of regimen is, no doubt superior but is difficult to operate. If during the treatment some complications arise due to faulty methods, better treatment is planned after discontinuing the initial course of ''rasayana'' therapy. [27-29]
-===== ''Aachara Rasayana'' =====
-सत्यवादिनमक्रोधं निवृत्तं मद्यमैथुनात्|
-अहिंसकमनायासं प्रशान्तं प्रियवादिनम्||३०||
-जपशौचपरं धीरं दाननित्यं तपस्विनम्|
-देवगोब्राह्मणाचार्यगुरुवृद्धार्चने रतम्||३१||
-आनृशंस्यपरं नित्यं नित्यं करुणवेदिनम् |
-समजागरणस्वप्नं नित्यं क्षीरघृताशिनम्||३२||
-देशकालप्रमाणज्ञं युक्तिज्ञमनहङ्कृतम्|
-शस्ताचारमसङ्कीर्णमध्यात्मप्रवणेन्द्रियम्||३३||
-उपासितारं वृद्धानामास्तिकानां जितात्मनाम्|
-धर्मशास्त्रपरं विद्यान्नरं नित्यरसायनम्||३४||
-गुणैरेतैः समुदितैः प्रयुङ्क्ते यो रसायनम्|
-रसायनगुणान् सर्वान् यथोक्तान् स समश्नुते||३५||
-(इत्याचाररसायनम्)|
-satyavādinamakrōdhaṁ nivr̥ttaṁ madyamaithunāt|
-ahiṁsakamanāyāsaṁ praśāntaṁ priyavādinam||30||
-japaśaucaparaṁ dhīraṁ dānanityaṁ tapasvinam|
-dēvagōbrāhmaṇācāryaguruvr̥ddhārcanē ratam||31||
-ānr̥śaṁsyaparaṁ nityaṁ nityaṁ karuṇavēdinam |
-samajāgaraṇasvapnaṁ nityaṁ kṣīraghr̥tāśinam||32||
-dēśakālapramāṇajñaṁ yuktijñamanahaṅkr̥tam|
-śastācāramasaṅkīrṇamadhyātmapravaṇēndriyam||33||
-upāsitāraṁ vr̥ddhānāmāstikānāṁ jitātmanām|
-dharmaśāstraparaṁ vidyānnaraṁ nityarasāyanam||34||
-guṇairētaiḥ samuditaiḥ prayuṅktē yō rasāyanam|
-rasāyanaguṇān sarvān yathōktān sa samaśnutē||35||
-(ityācārarasāyanam)|
-satyavAdinamakrodhaM nivRuttaM madyamaithunAt|
-ahiMsakamanAyAsaM prashAntaM priyavAdinam||30||
-japashaucaparaM dhIraM dAnanityaM tapasvinam|
-devagobrAhmaNAcAryaguruvRuddhArcane ratam||31||
-AnRushaMsyaparaM nityaM nityaM karuNavedinam [1] |
-samajAgaraNasvapnaM nityaM kShIraghRutAshinam||32||
-deshakAlapramANaj~jaM yuktij~jamanaha~gkRutam|
-shastAcAramasa~gkIrNamadhyAtmapravaNendriyam||33||
-upAsitAraM vRuddhAnAmAstikAnAM jitAtmanAm|
-dharmashAstraparaM vidyAnnaraM nityarasAyanam||34||
-guNairetaiH samuditaiH prayu~gkte yo rasAyanam|
-rasAyanaguNAn sarvAn yathoktAn sa samashnute||35||
-(ityAcArarasAyanam)|
-An individual who is truthful, free from anger, abstaining from wine and women, non violent, relaxed, calm, soft spoken, engaged in meditation and cleanliness, perseverance, observing charity, penance, worshiping gods, cow, ''brahmanas'', gurus, preceptors and elders, loving and compassionate, is vigilant and sleeps in balanced way, consumes routinely ghee extracted from milk, considering the measure of place and time with propriety, un-conceited, well behaved, simple, with his senses well concentrated to spirituality, keeping company of elders, positivist, self restrained and devoted to holy books should be regarded as using the ''rasayana'' for ever. Those, who, endowed with all the auspicious qualities, consumes ''rasayana'', gets all the aforesaid benefits of ''rasayana'' treatment. [30-35]
-यथास्थूलमनिर्वाह्य दोषाञ्छारीरमानसान्|
-रसायनगुणैर्जन्तुर्युज्यते न कदाचन||३६||
-योगा ह्यायुःप्रकर्षार्था जरारोगनिबर्हणाः|
-मनःशरीरशुद्धानां सिध्यन्ति प्रयतात्मनाम्||३७||
-तदेतन्न भवेद्वाच्यं सर्वमेव हतात्मसु|
-अरुजेभ्योऽद्विजातिभ्यः शुश्रूषा येषु नास्ति च||३८||
-yathāsthūlamanirvāhyadōṣāñchārīramānasān|
-rasāyanaguṇairjanturyujyatē na kadācana||36||
-yōgā hyāyuḥprakarṣārthā jarārōganibarhaṇāḥ|
-manaḥśarīraśuddhānāṁ sidhyanti prayatātmanām||37||
-tadētanna bhavēdvācyaṁ sarvamēva hatātmasu|
-arujēbhyō'dvijātibhyaḥ śuśrūṣā yēṣu nāsti ca||38||
-yathAsthUlamanirvAhya doShA~jchArIramAnasAn|
-rasAyanaguNairjanturyujyate na kadAcana||36||
-yogA hyAyuHprakarShArthA jarAroganibarhaNAH|
-manaHsharIrashuddhAnAM sidhyanti prayatAtmanAm||37||
-tadetanna bhavedvAcyaM sarvameva hatAtmasu|
-arujebhyo~advijAtibhyaH [1] shushrUShA yeShu nAsti ca||38||
-An individual can never get the benefits of ''rasayana'' if he has not undergone grossly the process of ''samsodhana'' of his physical as well as mental impurities. The treatment meant for providing longevity and for relieving senility and disease succeed in persons having purified mind and body controlled self. Such a treatment should not be prescribed to those who have degenerate self, are disease free, are not twice born and who are reluctant to receive such a treatment. [36-38]
-ये रसायनसंयोगा वृष्ययोगाश्च ये मताः|
-यच्चौषधं विकाराणां सर्वं तद्वैद्यसंश्रयम्||३९||
-प्राणाचार्यं बुधस्तस्माद्धीमन्तं वेदपारगम्|
-अश्विनाविव देवेन्द्रः पूजयेदतिशक्तितः||४०||
-अश्विनौ देवभिषजौ यज्ञवाहाविति स्मृतौ|
-यज्ञस्य हि शिरश्छिन्नं पुनस्ताभ्यां समाहितम्||४१||
-प्रशीर्णा दशनाः पूष्णो नेत्रे नष्टे भगस्य च|
-वज्रिणश्च भुजस्तम्भस्ताभ्यामेव चिकित्सितः||४२||
-चिकित्सितश्च शीतांशुर्गृहीतो राजयक्ष्मणा|
-सोमाभिपतितश्चन्द्रः कृतस्ताभ्यां पुनः सुखी||४३||
-भार्गवश्च्यवनः कामी वृद्धः सन् विकृतिं गतः|
-वीतवर्णस्वरोपेतः कृतस्ताभ्यां पुनर्युवा||४४||
-एतैश्चान्यैश्च बहुभिः कर्मभिर्भिषगुत्तमौ|
-बभूवतुर्भृशं पूज्याविन्द्रादीनांमहात्मनाम्||४५||
-ग्रहाः स्तोत्राणि मन्त्राणि तथा नानाहवींषि च|
-धूम्राश्च  पशवस्ताभ्यां प्रकल्प्यन्ते द्विजातिभिः||४६||
-प्रातश्च सवने सोमं शक्रोऽश्विभ्यां सहाश्नुते|
-सौत्रामण्यां च भगवानश्विभ्यां सह मोदते||४७||
-इन्द्राग्नी चाश्विनौ चैव स्तूयन्ते प्रायशो द्विजैः|
-स्तूयन्ते वेदवाक्येषु न तथाऽन्या हि देवताः||४८||
-अजरैरमरैस्तावद्विबुधैः साधिपैर्ध्रुवैः|
-पूज्येते प्रयतैरेवमश्विनौभिषजाविति||४९||
-मृत्युव्याधिजरावश्यैर्दुःखप्रायैः सुखार्थिभिः|
-किं पुनर्भिषजो मर्त्यैः पूज्याः स्युर्नातिशक्तितः||५०||
-शीलवान्मतिमान् युक्तो द्विजातिः शास्त्रपारगः|
-प्राणिभिर्गुरुवत् पूज्यः प्राणाचार्यः स हि स्मृतः||५१||
-yē rasāyanasaṁyōgā vr̥ṣyayōgāśca yē matāḥ|
-yaccauṣadhaṁ vikārāṇāṁ sarvaṁ tadvaidyasaṁśrayam||39||
-prāṇācāryaṁ budhastasmāddhīmantaṁ vēdapāragam|
-aśvināviva dēvēndraḥ pūjayēdatiśaktitaḥ||40||
-aśvinau dēvabhiṣajau yajñavāhāviti smr̥tau|
-yajñasya hi śiraśchinnaṁ punastābhyāṁ samāhitam||41||
-praśīrṇā daśanāḥ pūṣṇō nētrē naṣṭē bhagasya ca|
-vajriṇaśca bhujastambhastābhyāmēva cikitsitaḥ||42||
-cikitsitaśca śītāṁśurgr̥hītō rājayakṣmaṇā|
-sōmābhipatitaścandraḥ kr̥tastābhyāṁ punaḥ sukhī||43||
-bhārgavaścyavanaḥ kāmī vr̥ddhaḥ san vikr̥tiṁ gataḥ|
-vītavarṇasvarōpētaḥ kr̥tastābhyāṁ punaryuvā||44||
-ētaiścānyaiśca bahubhiḥ karmabhirbhiṣaguttamau|
-babhūvaturbhr̥śaṁ pūjyāvindrādīnāṁ mahātmanām||45||
-grahāḥ stōtrāṇi mantrāṇi tathā nānāhavīṁṣi ca|
-dhūmrāśca paśavastābhyāṁ prakalpyantē dvijātibhiḥ||46||
-prātaśca savanē sōmaṁ śakrō'śvibhyāṁ sahāśnutē|
-sautrāmaṇyāṁ ca bhagavānaśvibhyāṁ saha mōdatē||47||
-indrāgnī cāśvinau caiva stūyantē prāyaśō dvijaiḥ|
-stūyantē vēdavākyēṣu na tathā'nyā hi dēvatāḥ||48||
-ajarairamaraistāvadvibudhaiḥ sādhipairdhruvaiḥ|
-pūjyētē prayatairēvamaśvinau bhiṣajāviti||49||
-mr̥tyuvyādhijarāvaśyairduḥkhaprāyaiḥ sukhārthibhiḥ|
-kiṁ punarbhiṣajō martyaiḥ pūjyāḥ syurnātiśaktitaḥ||50||
-śīlavānmatimān yuktō dvijātiḥ śāstrapāragaḥ|
-prāṇibhirguruvat pūjyaḥ prāṇācāryaḥ sa hi smr̥taḥ||51||
-ye rasAyanasaMyogA vRuShyayogAshca ye matAH|
-yaccauShadhaM vikArANAM sarvaM tadvaidyasaMshrayam||39||
-prANAcAryaM budhastasmAddhImantaM vedapAragam|
-ashvinAviva devendraH pUjayedatishaktitaH||40||
-ashvinau devabhiShajau yaj~javAhAviti smRutau|
+====Triphala rasayana====
-yaj~jasya hi shirashchinnaM punastAbhyAM samAhitam||41||
-prashIrNA dashanAH pUShNo netre naShTe bhagasya ca|
-vajriNashca bhujastambhastAbhyAmeva cikitsitaH||42||
-cikitsitashca shItAMshurgRuhIto rAjayakShmaNA|
-somAbhipatitashcandraH kRutastAbhyAM punaH sukhI||43||
-bhArgavashcyavanaH kAmI vRuddhaH san vikRutiM gataH|
-vItavarNasvaropetaH kRutastAbhyAM punaryuvA||44||
-etaishcAnyaishca bahubhiH karmabhirbhiShaguttamau|
-babhUvaturbhRushaM pUjyAvindrAdInAM mahAtmanAm||45||
-grahAH stotrANi mantrANi tathA [1] nAnAhavIMShi ca|
-dhUmrAshca [2] pashavastAbhyAM prakalpyante dvijAtibhiH||46||
-prAtashca savane somaM shakro~ashvibhyAM sahAshnute|
-sautrAmaNyAM ca bhagavAnashvibhyAM saha modate||47||
-indrAgnI cAshvinau caiva stUyante prAyasho dvijaiH|
-stUyante vedavAkyeShu na tathA~anyA hi devatAH||48||
-ajarairamaraistAvadvibudhaiH sAdhipairdhruvaiH|
-pUjyete prayatairevamashvinau bhiShajAviti||49||
-mRutyuvyAdhijarAvashyairduHkhaprAyaiH sukhArthibhiH|
-kiM punarbhiShajo martyaiH pUjyAH syurnAtishaktitaH||50||
-shIlavAnmatimAn yukto dvijAtiH [3] shAstrapAragaH|
-prANibhirguruvat pUjyaH prANAcAryaH sa hi smRutaH||51||
-The ''rasayana'' preparations, ''vajikarana'' recipes and remedies designed for the treatment of diseases – all depend on (vision and skill of) the physician. Hence the wise should honour with all means the treating physician who promotes life, is wise and well versed in the science of life as the king of gods honours Ashwins.
-Ashwins are the physicians of gods and carriers of sacrifices. The head of sacrifice was cut which was joined by Ashwins. The fallen teeth of Pushan, destroyed eyes of Bhaga and the spastic arm of Vajrina were treated by them and thus he, addicted to ''soma'' drink, was again made happy. Chyavana, the descendent of Bhrigu, who was sexually indulged and became diseased, devoid of complexion and voice in old age, was reverted to youthful age. On account of these and other similar achievements, the two excellent physicians became highly adorable to the great selves like Indra, etc. and vessels, praises, recitations, various food preparations, incenses and animals are offered to them by the twins born. In the morning, Indra enjoys the ''soma'' drink in the company of Ashwins and he also makes pleasure along with them in the ''sautramani'' sacrifice. Indra, Agni and Ashwins were worshipped mostly by the twin born and are praised in the vedic hymns, not so the other gods. Thus the twin physicians Ashwins are worshipped by the gods and their masters. Then how should the physicians not be honored with all means by mortals who are affected by the death, diseases and senility and after the search of happiness? The physicians who is endowed with good conduct, wisdom and rationality, is thrice born, well versed in scriptures and master of life should be honored as preceptor by the people. [39-51]
-विद्यासमाप्तौ भिषजो द्वितीया जातिरुच्यते|
-अश्नुते वैद्यशब्दं हि न वैद्यः पूर्वजन्मना||५२||
-विद्यासमाप्तौ ब्राह्मं वा सत्त्वमार्षमथापि वा|
-ध्रुवमाविशति ज्ञानात्तस्माद्वैद्यो द्विजः स्मृतः||५३||
-नाभिध्यायेन्न चाक्रोशेदहितं न समाचरेत्|
+Pre-treatment of mice with rasayana drug, triphala (Haritaki, vibitaki and amalaki) extract for 7 days showed protection against paracetamol-induced renal and hepatic toxicity. Triphala inhibited the raise of serum enzyme markers like ASP, ALP, ALT, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid. Histopathological study reveals protection of liver cells, central vein, and portal vein and maintains the normality of liver tissues. Triphala might have controlled the free radical formation and thereby prevents cellular damage.<ref>Singh DP, Mani D. Protective effect of Triphala Rasayana against paracetamol-induced hepato–renal toxicity in mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015;6:181-6.</ref>
-प्राणाचार्यं बुधः कश्चिदिच्छन्नायुरनित्वरम्||५४||
+==List of theses done==
-vidyāsamāptau bhiṣajō dvitīyā jātirucyatē|
+#Srikanth T (2002). A critical study on the effect of rasayana on different age groups- “ poorvevayasimadhyeva”. Department of Basic Principles.IPGT&RA Jamnagar
-aśnutē vaidyaśabdaṁ hi na vaidyaḥ pūrvajanmanā||52||
+#Dodia Rajesh (2002): Clinical study on the aetio-pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (Sannipatika-pratishyaya) and role of rasayana in its management. Department of Roganidan and Vikritivigyan. IPGT&RA Jamnagar.
+#Ami T Kataraia (2003). A comparative clinical study of medhyarasayana and shayyamootahara yoga in the management of shayyamootra. Department of Kaumarabrithya. IPGT&RA Jamnagar
+#Parthiv Bhatt (2002): A comparative study of Rasayana therapy & shamana yoga in the management of Sheetapitta(urticaria). Department of Kayachikitsa. IPGT&RA Jamnagar
+#Dalvi Prachi (2002): Role of Virechana and Amalakyadi rasayana in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Rajesh Dodia (2002): Clinical study on the aetiopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis  (Sannipatika pratishyaya) and role of rasayana in its management. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Sejal Naik (2002): Study on the role of varahikanda rasayana in the management of akalaja-jara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Nakum Sudha K (2003): Comparative study of the role of Shamana (Rasayana) and Shodhana therapy in Vicharchika.Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Dhananjay Patel (2003): The role of manasika bhavas in the aetio-pathogenesis of uccha-rakta-cchapa (hypertension) & its management with medhyarasayana and shirodhara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Yadav Ramdev (2003): A clinical study on the Rasayana effect of Tuvaraka Taila Nasya in the management of Dushta-Pratishyaya. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Ahuja Harish (2004): A clinical study on the efficacy of Virechana and Medohara Rasayana in the management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Diabetes mellitus. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Purvi Vyas (2005): A clinical study on the role of gudoochyadi rasayana as a radio-protective and chemo-protective adjuvant in the management of carcinoma. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Basil Cardozo (2006): A clinical study on physo-somatic management of sukraavritavata (premature ejaculation) with rasayana yoga and shirodhara. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Hetal Dave (2006): A comparative study on the role of medhyarasayana yoga and dasamoolakwatha dhara in the management of vatika shirashoola (tension headache). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Zankhana N Mankad (2007): Clinical study of role of rasayan as a pre, adjuvant and post treatment of chemotherapy in the management of carcinoma. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Devangi Shukla (2007): The role of manasika bhavas in akalajajara (ageing) and comparative study of its management with guduchyadi and bhringarajadi rasayana. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Somarathna KIWK (2009): Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Ranahansarasayana( A Srilankan classical drug) on HIV positive patients. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Nakul A Jethva (2011): A Clinical Study on the Effect of Virechana Karma and Amalaki Rasayana in the Management of Kshina Shukra w.s.r. to Oligozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Monika N Solanki (2018): Efficacy of Shayyamutrahara yoga and medhyarasayana in the management of shayyamutra (Enuresis) – An open labeled, randomized study. Department of Kaumara Bhritya, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
+#Chagole Akash Subhash (2016): Role of koshthasuddhi in augmenting effect of chandrashakaladivataka rasayana and chandamarutam W.S.R to Psoriasis.  Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar
-vidyāsamāptau brāhmaṁ vā sattvamārṣamathāpi vā|
+==More information==
-dhruvamāviśati jñānāttasmādvaidyō dvijaḥ smr̥taḥ||53||
-nābhidhyāyēnna cākrōśēdahitaṁ na samācarēt|
-prāṇācāryaṁ budhaḥ kaścidicchannāyuranitvaram||54||
-vidyAsamAptau bhiShajo [1] dvitIyA jAtirucyate|
-ashnute vaidyashabdaM hi na vaidyaH pUrvajanmanA||52||
-vidyAsamAptau brAhmaM vA sattvamArShamathApi vA|
-dhruvamAvishati j~jAnAttasmAdvaidyo [2] dvijaH smRutaH||53||
-nAbhidhyAyenna cAkroshedahitaM na samAcaret|
-prANAcAryaM budhaH kashcidicchannAyuranitvaram||54||
-After completing the course of training, it is the third birth of a physician because the physician does not carry the epithet ''vaidya'' from the previous birth. On completion of training, Brahma or Arsha psyche enters in to him certainly according to the knowledge. Hence the physician is known as the thrice born. The wise, desirous of stable life, should not backbite, re approach and harm the master of life. [52-54]
-चिकित्सितस्तु संश्रुत्य योवाऽसंश्रुत्य मानवः|
-नोपाकरोति वैद्याय नास्ति तस्येह निष्कृतिः||५५||
-भिषगप्यातुरान् सर्वान् स्वसुतानिव यत्नवान्|
-आबाधेभ्यो हि संरक्षेदिच्छन् धर्ममनुत्तमम्||५६||
-धर्मार्थं चार्थकामार्थमायुर्वेदो महर्षिभिः|
-प्रकाशितो धर्मपरैरिच्छद्भिः स्थानमक्षरम्||५७||
-नार्थार्थं नापि कामार्थमथ भूतदयां प्रति|
-वर्तते यश्चिकित्सायां स सर्वमतिवर्तते||५८||
-कुर्वते ये तु वृत्त्यर्थं चिकित्सापण्यविक्रयम्|
-ते हित्वाकाञ्चनं राशिं पांशुराशिमुपासते||५९||
-दारुणैः कृष्यमाणानां गदैर्वैवस्वतक्षयम्|
-छित्त्वा वैवस्वतान् पाशान् जीवितं यः प्रयच्छति||६०||
-धर्मार्थदाता सदृशस्तस्य नेहोपलभ्यते|
-न हि जीवितदानाद्धि दानमन्यद्विशिष्यते||६१||
-परो भूतदया धर्म इति मत्वा चिकित्सया|
-वर्तते यः स सिद्धार्थः सुखमत्यन्तमश्नुते||६२||
-cikitsitastu saṁśrutya yōvā'saṁśrutya mānavaḥ|
-nōpākarōti vaidyāya nāsti tasyēha niṣkr̥tiḥ||55||
-bhiṣagapyāturān sarvān svasutāniva yatnavān|
-ābādhēbhyō hi saṁrakṣēdicchan dharmamanuttamam||56||
-dharmārthaṁ cārthakāmārthamāyurvēdō maharṣibhiḥ|
-prakāśitō dharmaparairicchadbhiḥ sthānamakṣaram||57||
-nārthārthaṁ nāpi kāmārthamatha bhūtadayāṁ prati|
-vartatē yaścikitsāyāṁ sa sarvamativartatē||58||
-kurvatē yē tu vr̥ttyarthaṁ cikitsāpaṇyavikrayam|
-tē hitvā kāñcanaṁ rāśiṁ pāṁśurāśimupāsatē||59||
-dāruṇaiḥ kr̥ṣyamāṇānāṁ gadairvaivasvatakṣayam|
-chittvā vaivasvatān pāśān jīvitaṁ yaḥ prayacchati||60||
-dharmārthadātā sadr̥śastasya nēhōpalabhyatē|
-na hi jīvitadānāddhi dānamanyadviśiṣyatē||61||
-parō bhūtadayā dharma iti matvā cikitsayā|
-vartatē yaḥ sa siddhārthaḥ sukhamatyantamaśnutē||62||
-cikitsitastu saMshrutya [1] yo vA~asaMshrutya mAnavaH|
-nopAkaroti vaidyAya nAsti tasyeha niShkRutiH||55||
-bhiShagapyAturAn sarvAn svasutAniva yatnavAn|
-AbAdhebhyo hi saMrakShedicchan dharmamanuttamam||56||
-dharmArthaM cArthakAmArthamAyurvedo [2] maharShibhiH|
-prakAshito dharmaparairicchadbhiH sthAnamakSharam||57||
-nArthArthaM nApi kAmArthamatha bhUtadayAM prati|
-vartate yashcikitsAyAM sa sarvamativartate||58||
-kurvate ye tu vRuttyarthaM cikitsApaNyavikrayam|
-te hitvA kA~jcanaM rAshiM pAMshurAshimupAsate||59||
-dAruNaiH kRuShyamANAnAM gadairvaivasvatakShayam|
-chittvA vaivasvatAn pAshAn jIvitaM yaH prayacchati||60||
-dharmArthadAtA sadRushastasya nehopalabhyate|
-na hi jIvitadAnAddhi dAnamanyadvishiShyate||61||
-paro bhUtadayA dharma iti matvA cikitsayA|
-vartate yaH sa siddhArthaH sukhamatyantamashnute||62||
-The treated patient, whether having promised or not, if does not offer any thing to the physician he is not freed. The physician too should consider all his patients as his own sons; protect them sincerely from all the ailments, wishing the excellent piety.
-Ayurveda has been empowered by the great ''rishis'' devoted to piety and wishing immortality for welfare and not for earning or enjoyment. One who takes up the treatment only for human welfare and not for earning or self enjoyment supersedes all and those who sell the regimen of therapy for livelihood and devoted to the heap of dust leaving aside the store of gold.  One who provides life to those being dragged to the abode of death by severe diseases while cutting the death nets cannot be simulated with any other donor of virtue and wealth because there is no charity better than providing life. The physician who is compassionate on living being as the highest virtue, proceeds in treatment of patients, achieves all objects and enjoy maximum happiness. [55-62]
-===== Summary =====
-तत्र श्लोकौ-
-आयुर्वेदसमुत्थानं दिव्यौषधिविधिं शुभम्|
-अमृताल्पान्तरगुणं सिद्धं रत्नरसायनम्||६३||
-सिद्धेभ्यो ब्रह्मचारिभ्यो यदुवाचामरेश्वरः|
-आयुर्वेदसमुत्थाने तत् सर्वं सम्प्रकाशितम्||६४||
-tatra ślōkau-
-āyurvēdasamutthānaṁ divyauṣadhividhiṁ śubham|
-amr̥tālpāntaraguṇaṁ siddhaṁ ratnarasāyanam||63||
-siddhēbhyō brahmacāribhyō yaduvācāmarēśvaraḥ|
-āyurvēdasamutthānē tat sarvaṁ samprakāśitam||64||
-tatra shlokau-
-AyurvedasamutthAnaM divyauShadhividhiM shubham|
-amRutAlpAntaraguNaM siddhaM ratnarasAyanam||63||
-siddhebhyo brahmacAribhyo yaduvAcAmareshvaraH|
-AyurvedasamutthAne tat sarvaM samprakAshitam||64||
-Now the summing up verses –
-The rising of the science of life, method of celestial ''rasayana'' drugs, ''ratnarasayana'' accomplished like nectar and delivered by the king of gods to the accomplished and intellectuals, all this has been explained in the quarter of the rising of the science of life. [63-64]
-इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते चिकित्सितस्थाने रसायनाध्याये आयुर्वेदसमुत्थानीयो नामरसायनपादश्चतुर्थः||४||
-ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē cikitsitasthānē rasāyanādhyāyē āyurvēdasamutthānīyō nāma rasāyanapādaścaturthaḥ||4||
-ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute cikitsitasthAne rasAyanAdhyAye AyurvedasamutthAnIyo nAma rasAyanapAdashcaturthaH||4||
-samAptashcAyaM rasAyanAdhyAyaH||1||
-Thus ends the fourth quarter on the rise of Ayurveda in the chapter of [[Rasayana]] in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka.[4]
-=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
-#''Bheshaja'' (Therapeutics) is classified in two categories :
-##that which sustains, promotes and enhances strength and immunity in the healthy,
-##that which alleviates disorders. ( vesr 1.4)
-#''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutic agents) can is also of two types :
-##''badhana'' (acutely acting),
-##''sanubadhana'' (chronically acting).( verse 1.5)
-#The objectives of Ayurveda healthcare management includes ''chikitsa'' (measures that alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbs), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps and sustains recovery to normalcy), and ''hita'' (wholesome). (verse 3-4)
-#The therapeutics for preservation of health include ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and ''rasayana'' (promotives) that helps promoting strength and immunity.
-#Objective of ''rasayana'' therapy is to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. ''Rasayana'' is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. bodily cells and tissues. (verse 7-8)
-#Objective of ''vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is to produce healthy progeny, and enhance libido with satisfactory sexual life. It can even help to arrest genetic disorders.
-#Indoor residence of person in specific ''kutipraveshika'' method endows extraordinary benefits.
-#''Rasayana'' may be in the form of specific single drugs or compound preparations of drugs, in the form of specific diet, specific regimen and activities or in the form of a specific good conduct.
-#''Vajikarana'' improves the quality of ''shukra'' and thereby improves ''oja''. ''Shukra'' is not just semen but its effects can be observed allover body and on mind, in the form of genesis of new ''dhatu'' (important body constituents) , promoting proper growth and development of existing ''dhatu'', by helping to maintain mental health etc. as described in the 2nd chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]].
-#By adopting proper lifestyle and by using appropriate ''rasayana'', it is not only possible to regain freedom from diseases, but it is also possible to maintain and even positively promote health. For this, ''rasayana'' is very much important in the present era.
-#Prior body purification is necessary before administration of ''rasayana'' treatment.
-=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
-==== The order of sections ====
-The order in which various ''sthana'' (sections) of [[Charaka Samhita]] are arranged is also significant. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] is placed after [[Indriya Sthana]]. [[Indriya Sthana]] describes the signs and symptoms which indicate certain death of a person. The treatment in such conditions results in failure. Therefore, it must be avoided. The treatment in such conditions should be continued with proper knowledge and also with due consent. After describing limitations of treatment in [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]] describes successful treatment of rest of conditions.
-==== Different levels of treatment ====
-According to Ayurveda, the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''mahabhootas''), ''indriya'' (the sensory faculty), ''sattva'' or ''mana'' (mind) and ''atma'' (the soul).  On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, Ayurveda describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, ''rasayana'' is given.
-==== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ====
-At the beginning of the chapter, various aspects of treatment are explained by using various synonyms. ''Chikitsita'' are means for curing disease. ''Pathya'' means specific wholesome diet and regimens which will help to cure disease, it also means that which maintains normalcy of ''srotas'' (channels for transportation and transformation of nutrients in the destined body constituent). ''Sadhana'' means various instruments and procedures helpful for successful treatment. ''Aushadha'' are medicines obtained from herbs. ''Prayashchitta'' means the redressal for diseases originating from previous deeds of the person. ''Prashamana'' is that which leads to complete cure. ''Prakriti'' (specific constitution of a person) makes him prone for certain diseases. ''Prakritisthapana'' helps to protect a person from them by maintaining balance of all three ''doshas''. ''Hita'' is that which helps to make ''dhatus'' stable and protect them from diseases. (verse 3)
-==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ====
-''Rasayana'' produces best quality of ''dhatus'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using ''rasayana'' include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and  immunity) are obtained by ''rasayana''. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.
-''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of ''rasayana'', the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)
-==== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' (verse 9-12) ====
-#''Apatyasantanakara''- Not only the person using vajeekarana will have progeny, but even his further generations also won’t have infertility, so effects of vajeekarana are capable of making genetic changes
-#''Sadya Sampraharshana''- produces erection instantly
-#Develops sexual potency (like a horse, horse being symbol of best qualities of semen and sexual potency)
-#Capacity for sexual act uninterruptedly
-#Enhances beauty, personality  and capacity to attract opposite sex
-#Nourishes the body
-#Even after indulging in sexual activities, ''shukra'' is still properly produced
-#Not only quantitative increase, qualities of ''shukra'' improve, fertility is produced
-#Like banyan tree, gets surrounded by good progeny
-#Earns respect and honour in society
-#Gets all the joy from the children in this world
-#Gets as if immortality, because next generations carry on his good works
-#Success, wealth and prosperity, strength, robustness
-==== Two modes of administration of ''rasayana'' (verse 1.1.16) ====
-''Rasayana'' can be used by two methods:
-#''Kuti praveshika''- The person stays in a ''kuti'' (specially built house) for a specific period and uses ''rasayana''.
-#''Vatatapika''- The person continues with his routine activities, while using ''rasayana''.
-==== Construction of a ''Kuti'' (hut) (verse 1.1.16-20) ====
-===== The place =====
-''Kuti'' is built at a place near city or town, i.e. in civilised place, near the place of king or government officials for legal issues, permissions, near place of ''vaidyas'' (physicians) for advice of other senior ''vaidyas'' whenever required, where advice of experts in other fields of knowledge is available, place of well cultured gentlemen , decent place with social security, with availability of necessary instruments, equipment and amenities, located in east or north, for proper light and ventilation, selected as per the ''bhoomi pareeksha'' ( selection of good land) as described in [[Madana Kalpa]].
-=====Structure and design =====
+[[Rasayana Adhyaya]]
-Structure and design is decided by experts in that field, but the specific requirements are mentioned in this chapter, such as: with proper height ,width, with three concentric courts, having small windows on height, having thick walls, comfortable for all seasons, spacious, with proper lighting, pleasant for stay, protected from sound pollution ,other forms of pollution and unwanted sounds, smells etc., where celibacy can be maintained, equipped with necessary instruments, equipment and amenities, having on duty ''vaidyas'', consulting ''vaidyas'' and consultants in other fields. The following pictures can give an idea regarding this:
+==Abbreviations==
-==== Entering the ''Kuti'' ====
+Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, S. = Sangraha, Sa. = Samhita
-The specific way of entering the kuti is described in the text. Not only by using specific purificatory methods, the body pf the person is prepared for the effects of ''rasayana'', but he is also prepared mentally. The person gets extraordinary qualities due to ''rasayana''. But he may use them only for his personal benefits and may harm others in the society. For this he is convinced to use his qualities for the benefit of the whole society. He also resolves to properly complete the procedure, since ceasing of the procedure midway may be harmful for health.
+==List of References==
-==== Quality control in selection of medicines (verse 1.1. 38-40) ====
+The list of references for Rasayana in Charak Samhita can be seen[[Media:Reference for word rasayana.pdf| here]]
-#''Bhoomi pariksha'' (criteria to select good land for collection of medicines) as described in [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1.9, should be followed.
+<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
-#Especially ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' ( Emblica officinalis) used as ''rasayana'' in this chapter are preferably collected from the range of mountain Himalaya.
-#The medicines developed at proper season as per their natural life cycle are collected,
-#The medicines which are fully grown, developed are collected.
-#Medicines with optimum qualities like ''rasa, veerya'' etc. are selected.
-#Medicines are collected from plants, which are properly exposed (not under or over exposed) to natural factors like sunlight, wind, rains etc. are selected.
-#Not pecked at by birds etc., unspoiled and unmarked with cuts or diseases.
-#Free from toxicity
-==== ''Abhayamalakeeya Pada'' ====
+==References==
-This part of the chapter deals with ''rasayana'' prepared from ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' (Emblica officinalis) as the name suggests. These are the first two ''rasayana'' mentioned in this chapter denoting their importance.
+</div>
-==== ''Haritaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.29-32) ====
-''Haritaki'' pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. It performs ''anulomana'' of ''vata'' i.e. helps to maintain normal movements of ''vata''. It moves out the accumulated ''dosha'' and ''mala'', thus helps to maintain patency and proper functions of ''srotas''. It also activates ''dhatvagni''. Although ''haritaki'' is not directly providing nourishment to ''dhatus'' (body tissues), but due to to proper function of ''srotas'', removes obstructions and helps the nutrients to reach to the ''dhatus''. Also by activating ''dhatvagni'', it helps in proper conversion of nutrients into ''dhatus''. Because of these actions, ''haritaki'' is very important ''rasayana''.
-==== ''Amalaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.36-37) ====
-Most of the qualities and actions of ''amalaki'' are similar to ''haritaki''. But ''amalaki'' is ''sheeta veerya'', whereas ''haritaki'' is ''ushna veerya''.
-==== ''Rasayana'' in the first ''Pada'' ====
-The first part of this chapter mentions six ''rasayana'', including  ''Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanaprasha, Amalaka Rasayana, and Haritaki Rasayana''  (a combination of both ''haritaki'' and ''amalaki''). The contents and procedures for preparation of each of these ''rasayana'' is mentioned in the text. Commentator Gangadhara has given further details about steps in actual preparation. Apart from the commonly described benefits of ''rasayana'', at the beginning of the chapter, each ''rasayana'' has got certain specific benefits. A ''vaidya'' selects a ''rasayana'' for a person considering mode of action of ''rasayana'', based on qualities and actions, and based on specific benefits of that ''rasayana''.
-===== ''Brahma Rasayana'' =====
-This ''rasayana'' is prepared with  thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this ''rasayana'', apart from general benefits of ''rasayana'', is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this ''rasayana'', are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated malas from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''sattva guna'' increases.
-While the second brahma ''rasayana'' is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.
-===== ''Chyavanaprasha Rasayana'' =====
-''Chyanaprasha'' is prepared from the pulp of 500 ''amalaki'' fruits, with addition of 36 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and fine powders of four other medicines added at the end. It is specifically useful for maintaining youth and vigor. It helps to build body tissues in children, old and emaciated persons. Ignites ''agni'' and Improves beauty. Also useful in disorders of voice, diseases of chest, heart diseases, and disorders of urinary tract and genital organs.
-==== Diseases from changing lifestyle and importance of ''rasayana'' ====
-The second quarter starts with description of changing lifestyle and the resultant disorders. It is described that with their healthy lifestyle the ancient sages were free from diseases. But diseases originated due to urbanization and thereby changing lifestyle.
-This description is even more important in present era, because many of the dietary articles and the activities mentioned here have become common now like more consumption of salt, sour and pungent items, sprouted grains, dried vegetables and meat, sleeping in day time, irregular timings of meals, irregular improper and excessive exercises and physical activities, using unhealthy combinations like milk with salty and sour items, or milk with fruits, continuously affected by anger, grief, greed fear like mental states etc. This results in diseases with laxity in muscles, muscular dystrophies etc., diseases of bone marrow, joint disorders, impotency and infertility and so on.
-It is described that by following proper healthy lifestyle and by the use of ''rasayana'', one can get freedom from such diseases. Therefore, thorough study and application of ''rasayana'' is needed in the present era.
-==== ''Rasayana'' in the second ''pada'' ====
-In the second quarter 37 ''rasayana'' have been described. The name ''Pranakameeya'' suggests desire or quest for living i.e. desire for longevity. For this purpose, ''rasayana'' prepared mainly from ''amalaki'' are described.
-===== ''Nagabala Rasayana'' =====
-As the name suggests provides strength and stability to body tissues. The same method of using ''nagabala'' as ''rasayana'' described here is applicable for using 10 other ''rasayana'' enlisted from ''bala'' to ''punarnava''.
-===== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' =====
-This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''kapha'' dominant conditions, or where ''kapha'' obstructs movements of ''vata''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent ''rasayana'' for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as ''rasayana'' .
-Although ''bhallataka'' is very potent, it can result in unwanted effects, when improperly used. Therefore, the precautions to be taken while using it, are mentioned in the text.
-==== ''Rasayana'' in the third ''pada'' ====
-The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first ''rasayana'' mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 ''rasayana'' are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this ''rasayana'' include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''Prithvi Mahabhuta'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''asthi'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .
-===== ''Medhya Rasayana'' =====
-These four ''rasayana'' enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''vata-pitta'' and maintains normal ''kapha''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''dhatus'' and ultimately increases ''shukra'' and ''oja''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''indriya, mana'' and ''buddhi'' are mediated through ''oja''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''pitta''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''vata''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''majja''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''doshas'', controls tama and increases ''sattva''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific ''rasayana'' is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.(Ray and Ray, 2015)
-===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====
-''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in Ayurveda. Its an important ''rasayana'' also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''.  By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''vata''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''mala'' and ''doshas'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''dhatus''. It also controls ''meda'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''dhatus'', because abnormally increased ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus'' and produces imbalance.
-===== ''Shilajatu'' =====
-Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''kapha''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''vata''. It controls formation of ''meda''. Abnormal ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''dhatus''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''dhatus'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''dhatus'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''dhatus, shiljatu'' is not the ''rasayana'' of choice.
-The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of ''rasayana'' told by Indra and about ''soma'' as ''rasayana''.
-==== ''Achara Rasayana'' (rasayana effects of good conduct) ====
-Another important aspect of the fourth quarter is ''achara rasayana''. Good conduct like speaking truth, non violence, compassion etc. is considered very much important to obtain benefits of any ''rasayana'' described here.
-==== ''Vaidya'' ====
-For experts of Ayurveda, the term ''vaidya'' is used, which means one having proper knowledge. A ''vaidya'' may be of any cast, race etc. by birth, it doesn’t matter. Because it is said, that when he completes his education in Ayurveda, he is as if reborn. He is like guardian of life. Therefore, deserves respect from the society.
-A ''vaidya'' has to care for the patients as if they were his children or family members. A ''vaidya'', by practicing with compassion towards the ailing, earns much more than wealth. Therefore, a ''vaidya'' should not consider treatment as a business. This advice of [[Charaka Samhita]] holds true even today. Those who serve patients with this attitude, get such benefits from the society, which no other profession can get, and unmatched as compared to wealth.
-=== Potential areas for future research ===
-#''Rasayana Tantra'' is one of the Eight important branches of ''Astanga Ayurveda''. It deals with an important category of medicinal and non-medicinal rejuvenative remedies advocated for promotive and preventive health care including retarding aging and promoting longevity. These remedies are claimed to improve the quality of cells and tissues (even the genes) of the body through following mechanisms:
-##Direct nutrient effects, acting at the level of ''rasa''
-##Digestive and metabolic booster effect, acting at the level of ''agni''
-##Promoting micro circulation and tissue perfusion, at the level of ''srotas''
-There is a need to develop an appropriate research methodology of assessment of the effect of ''rasayana'' remedies on the above mentioned three levels.
-#Clinical assessment of the effect of ''rasayana'' drugs and formulations described by Charaka using appropriate biological and therapeutic parameters on clinical trial mode with emphasis on the nutritional effect, anti-aging effect and adaptogenic and immunomodulating effect of this important category of Ayurvedic drugs.
-#Architectural study of the concept of ''trigarbha rasayana, kuti'' described in [[Charaka Samhita]] and to examine the science behind this model for future use if found logical and scientific and for further development.
-#Attempt to develop a new discipline of Ayurveda geriatrics and immunology through the ''rasayana'' leads available in the ''rasayana'' chapter of [[Charaka Samhita]].
-=== Glossary ===
-#Bhesaja  - Good medications
-#Abhesaja – Harmful medications
-#Rasayana - Rejuvenative remedies
-#Bajikarana – Aphrodigiac and virilizing remedies
-#Kayakapla - Rejuvenation
-#Samsodhana - Biopurification
-#Kamya rasayana – Health promoting rasayanas to be used in normal persons
-#Naimittika rasayana - Disease specific Rasayana
-#Pranakamiya rasayana- Longevity promoting Rasayana
-#Srikamiya rasayana- Rasayanas promoting beauty and lusture of the body
-#Medhakamiya rasayan  - The Rasayanas promoting Intelligence and cognition.
-#Medhya rasayana – Neuronutrient Rasayanas
-#Kutipravesika Rasayana - Indoor Intensive Rasayan therapy procedure
-#Vatatapika rasayana – Outdoor practice of Rasayana therapy.
-#Trigarbha Rasayan kuti - Specially designed therapy chamber for Rasayana
-#Chyavanprasha – A classical compound Rasayan  formulated for Cyavana Risi
-#Brahma rasayana – A special Compound Rasayana similar to Cyavanprasa
-#Amalake rasayana – A Rasayana preparation made of Amalaki fruits.
-#Bhallataka rasayana - Special Rasayana made of Bhallataka fruits
-#Pippali Vardhamana rasayan – Use of Pippali in a vardhaman karma
-=== Acknowledgement ===
-The English translation presented in this chapter has been abridged from English translation of Caraka Samhita by late Prof. Priyavrata Sharma.
-=== References and research bibliography ===
-#Archana, R. and Namshivayam, A. Antistress effect of Withania somnifera Dunal, J.Ethnopharmacology. 64:91-93, 1999
-#Caraka Samhita redaction by Caraka based on Agnivesa Tantra of  700BC .Cikitsa sthana chapter 1,Pada 1-4. Edited by Sharma, PV, Choukhaba Orientalia, Varanasi , India 2002
-#Caraka Samhita redaction  by Caraka  based on Agnivesa tantra  of 700BC,  Sutra sthana chapters -1 Edited by Sharma  PV, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi,India 2002
-#Diana I Lurie, Ayurveda and Pharmacogenomics, Guest Editorial Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine ¼:126-128. 2012
-#Dwivedi,KK and Singh,RH. A study on the psychiatric symptomsin in geriatric patients and response of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy. Ph.D. thesis, Kayacikitsa, BHU1997.
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-#Juyal, RC et al. Potential of Ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: leads from a pilot study on Rheumatoid arthritis. PLoSONE.2012,7/9;Pc45752
-#Jayprakash et al. Neuroprotective role of Withania somnifera root extract in mouse model of Parkinsonism. Neurochem. Res.Feb.27,2013
-#Kobayama,T.et al Neuritic regeneration and synoptic reconstruction induced by Withanolide-A . British J.Pharmacol.144/7:961-971,2005
-#Madhava Kara 900 AD Mdhava Nidana, edited by Upadhyaya, YN Choukhamba publication, Varanasi/Delhi, India
-#Mahalle, NP et al Association of constitutional types of Ayurveda with cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers and Insulin resistance. J. Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine.2012,3/3.p,157-7
-#Rastogi, S, Chiappelli, F. and Singh, RH. Evidence based practice of complementary alternative medicine.  Special monograph pp  1-250  Springer publication, Germany  2012
-#Rizzo-Sierra, CV. Ayurvedic genomics, constitutional psychology and endocrinology: The missing connection. J. Alternat.Complement.Med.2011, 17(5) :pp 465-8.
-#Sarangdhara 1300AD Sarandhara samhita Choukhamba publications Varanasi/Delhi, India
-#Sharma, PV. History of Medicine in India. Published by Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, India, 1992
-#Singh, RH , Integrative Medicine, Choukhamba surbharati publications Varanasi/Delhi, India 2009
-#Singh, RH and associates. Advances in Ayurvedic medicine, Research monographs in Five volumes. Choukhamba Vishwa Bharati, Varanasi,.India,2005
-#Singh, RH and Rastogi, S. Rasayana Therapy and Rejuvenation. In Evidence based practice of CAM,  PP 177-190. Springer, Germany. 2012
-#Singh, RH The science behind the concept of Ojas,Ojabala and Vyadhiksamattva. Editorial in Abhinava Dhanvantari vol.1,NO.I PP 17-20, 2014
-#Singh, RH, Kayachikitsa vol.I-II, Pubishers Choukhamba surbharati prakashan, Varanasi/Delhi 2005
-#Singh, RH, Narsimhamurthy, K.and Singh, Girish. Neuronutrient impact of Ayurvedic Rasayan therapy in brain aging, Biogerontology 2008, 9:360-374,
-#Singh, RH. Basic Tenets of Ayurvedic Dietetics and Nutrition. In special monograph Ayurvedic Food science. Pub. Springer USA, 2014.
-#Singh, RH. Ayurvediya Samsodhana Chikitsa ,the newer dimensions. Journal of Wiswa Ayurveda Parisad,2015
-#Singh, RH. The holistic principles of Ayurvedic medicine. Choukhamba surbharati prakashan, Varanasi/ Delhi 1995
-#Susruta Samhita redaction  by Nagarjun based on Susrut’s Susruta  Tantra OF Ssrita of 600 BC.  sutra sthana chapters 4,15,21 edited by Singhal et al Choukhamba Surbharati 2nd edition Varanasi/Delhi, India, 2002
-#Susruta Samhita redaction by Nagarjuna Based on Susruta Tantra of  600BC , Cikitsa sthana chapters 27-30 edited by Singhal et al. Pub. Choukhamba  surbharati  2nd edition Varanasi/Delhi ,India 2002
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