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These are eight specific factors of method of dieting - ''prakriti'' (nature), ''karana'' (processing), ''samyoga'' (combination), ''rashi'' (quantity), ''desha'' (place), ''kala'' (time/ stage of the disease), ''upayoga -samstha'' (rules for use) and ''upayoktra'' (consumer). [21]

These are eight specific factors of method of dieting - [[prakriti]] (nature), ''karana'' (processing), ''samyoga'' (combination), ''rashi'' (quantity), ''desha'' (place), ''kala'' (time/ stage of the disease), ''upayoga -samstha'' (rules for use) and ''upayoktra'' (consumer). [21]

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''Prakriti'' is ''swabhava'', or the natural attribute or trait of a substance, such as heaviness, etc. For example, the ''prakriti'' of black gram or pork is heavy, while that of green gram or deer meat is light. [22.1]

[[Prakriti]] is ''swabhava'', or the natural attribute or trait of a substance, such as heaviness, etc. For example, the [[prakriti]] of black gram or pork is heavy, while that of green gram or deer meat is light. [22.1]

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''Upayokta'' is the one who consumes the food. On him depends the ''oka-satmya'' (i.e.,habituation developed by practice). Thus, are described the specific factors of the method of dieting. [22]

''Upayokta'' is the one who consumes the food. On him depends the oka-[[satmya]] (i.e.,habituation developed by practice). Thus, are described the specific factors of the method of dieting. [22]

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(I will now explain their merits). One should eat warm (freshly cooked food) because it tastes well and the food consumed stimulates the digestive process, gets digested quickly, normalizes functions of vata dosha and reduces kapha dosha (which obstructs digestion process).[25.1]

(I will now explain their merits). One should eat warm (freshly cooked food) because it tastes well and the food consumed stimulates the digestive process, gets digested quickly, normalizes functions of [[vata]] [[dosha]] and reduces [[kapha]] [[dosha]] (which obstructs digestion process).[25.1]

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==== Eat unctuous food ====

==== Eat unctuous food ====

स्निग्धमश्नीयात्; स्निग्धं हि भुज्यमानं स्वदते, भुक्तं चानुदीर्णमग्निमुदीरयति, क्षिप्रं जरां गच्छति, वातमनुलोमयति, शरीरमुपचिनोति, दृढीकरोतीन्द्रियाणि, बलाभिवृद्धिमुपजनयति, वर्णप्रसादं चाभिनिर्वर्तयति; तस्मात् स्निग्धमश्नीयात् (२) |२५|

स्निग्धमश्नीयात्; स्निग्धं हि भुज्यमानं स्वदते, भुक्तं चानुदीर्णमग्निमुदीरयति, क्षिप्रं जरां गच्छति, वातमनुलोमयति, शरीरमुपचिनोति, दृढीकरोतीन्द्रियाणि, बलाभिवृद्धिमुपजनयति, वर्णप्रसादं चाभिनिर्वर्तयति; तस्मात् स्निग्धमश्नीयात् (२) |२५|

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One should eat unctuous because it tastes well, the food consumed stimulates any dormant digestive process, gets digested quickly, normalizes functions of vata, nourishes body, provides firmness to sense organs, increases strength, and enhances complexion. [25.2]

One should eat unctuous because it tastes well, the food consumed stimulates any dormant digestive process, gets digested quickly, normalizes functions of [[vata]], nourishes body, provides firmness to sense organs, increases strength, and enhances complexion. [25.2]

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One should eat in proper quantity without disturbing ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' because that only helps promote one’s life-span, easily passes down the bowels, does not disturb the ''agni'' (digestive fire), and gets digested without discomfort. [25.3]

One should eat in proper quantity without disturbing [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] because that only helps promote one’s life-span, easily passes down the bowels, does not disturb the [[agni]] (digestive fire), and gets digested without discomfort. [25.3]

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==== Eat after complete digestion of previous meals ====

==== Eat after complete digestion of previous meals ====

जीर्णेऽश्नीयात्; अजीर्णे हि भुञ्जानस्याभ्यवहृतमाहारजातं पूर्वस्याहारस्य रसमपरिणतमुत्तरेणाहाररसेनोपसृजत् सर्वान् दोषान् प्रकोपयत्याशु, जीर्णे तु भुञ्जानस्य स्वस्थानस्थेषु दोषेष्वग्नौ चोदीर्णे जातायां च बुभुक्षायां विवृतेषु च स्रोतसां मुखेषु विशुद्धे चोद्गारे हृदये विशुद्धे वातानुलोम्ये विसृष्टेषु च वातमूत्रपुरीषवेगेष्वभ्यवहृतमाहारजातं सर्वशरीरधातूनप्रदूषयदायुरेवाभिवर्धयति केवलं; तस्माज्जीर्णेऽश्नीयात् (४) |२५|

जीर्णेऽश्नीयात्; अजीर्णे हि भुञ्जानस्याभ्यवहृतमाहारजातं पूर्वस्याहारस्य रसमपरिणतमुत्तरेणाहाररसेनोपसृजत् सर्वान् दोषान् प्रकोपयत्याशु, जीर्णे तु भुञ्जानस्य स्वस्थानस्थेषु दोषेष्वग्नौ चोदीर्णे जातायां च बुभुक्षायां विवृतेषु च स्रोतसां मुखेषु विशुद्धे चोद्गारे हृदये विशुद्धे वातानुलोम्ये विसृष्टेषु च वातमूत्रपुरीषवेगेष्वभ्यवहृतमाहारजातं सर्वशरीरधातूनप्रदूषयदायुरेवाभिवर्धयति केवलं; तस्माज्जीर्णेऽश्नीयात् (४) |२५|

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One should eat when the previous meal is digested because if one eats before earlier meal is digested, mixing with undigested food will vitiate all the ''dosha'' quickly. On the other hand, when one eats after the previous meal is well digested, the ''dosha'' do not get vitiated or unsettled from their natural locations, agni is stimulated, appetite is increased, entrances of the channels get cleared, eructation is pure, heart is normal, there are natural urges to pass bodily wastes and there is no obstruction to their passage, and the eaten food enhances one’s life without afflicting any ''dhatu''. [25.4]

One should eat when the previous meal is digested because if one eats before earlier meal is digested, mixing with undigested food will vitiate all the [[dosha]] quickly. On the other hand, when one eats after the previous meal is well digested, the [[dosha]] do not get vitiated or unsettled from their natural locations, agni is stimulated, appetite is increased, entrances of the channels get cleared, eructation is pure, heart is normal, there are natural urges to pass bodily wastes and there is no obstruction to their passage, and the eaten food enhances one’s life without afflicting any [[dhatu]]. [25.4]

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He is (or should be) our physician who knows the ''rasas, dravyas, doshas,'' disorders, place, time and body. [26]

He is (or should be) our physician who knows the rasas, dravyas, [[dosha]], disorders, place, time and body. [26]

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To sum up (all the verses of this chapter):

To sum up (all the verses of this chapter):

The meaning of vimana is to know the effects of ''rasas, dravyas, doshas'' and disorders, substances not to be used excessively, the three forms or types of ''satmya,'' and the eight factors of diet and merits of food. All these have been briefly discussed in this chapter on [[Rasa Vimana]] [27-28]

The meaning of vimana is to know the effects of rasas, dravyas, [[dosha]] and disorders, substances not to be used excessively, the three forms or types of [[satmya]], and the eight factors of diet and merits of food. All these have been briefly discussed in this chapter on [[Rasa Vimana]] [27-28]

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*''Rasa'' (taste) is one of the attributes present in ''dravyas'' (substances), which can be perceived by the tongue.

*''Rasa'' (taste) is one of the attributes present in ''dravyas'' (substances), which can be perceived by the tongue.

**There are six ''rasas, madhura'' (sweet), ''amla'' (sour), ''lavana'' (salty), ''katu'' (pungent)'', tikta'' (bitter) and ''kashaya'' (astringent).

**There are six ''rasas, madhura'' (sweet), ''amla'' (sour), ''lavana'' (salty), ''katu'' (pungent)'', tikta'' (bitter) and ''kashaya'' (astringent).

**Each ''Rasa'' is composed of two ''mahabhutas'' (basic elements). Madhura rasa is made up of prithvi and apa, amla rasa of prithvi and agni, lavana of apa and agni, katu of vayu and agni, tikta of vayu and akasa , and kashaya is made up of vayu and  prithvi.

**Each ''Rasa'' is composed of two [[mahabhuta]] (basic elements). Madhura rasa is made up of [[Prithvi]] and [[apa]], amla rasa of [[Prithvi]] and [[agni]], lavana of [[apa]] and [[agni]], katu of [[vayu]] and [[agni]], tikta of [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] , and kashaya is made up of [[vayu]] and  [[Prithvi]].

*Rasas influence doshas which influence health and disease. For example: madhura, amla and lavana aggravate kapha, while katu, tikta, and kashaya pacify it. Similarly, amla, lavana and katu aggravate pitta while madhura, tikta, and kashaya pacify it. And katu, tikta and kashaya aggravate vata, while madhura, amla and lavana pacify it. Thus, three rasa aggravate one dosha, whereas others pacify it. Proportionate use of all six rasas in a diet is considered healthy practice and forms the basis of a superior satmya.

*Rasas influence [[dosha]] which influence health and disease. For example: madhura, amla and lavana aggravate [[kapha]], while katu, tikta, and kashaya pacify it. Similarly, amla, lavana and katu aggravate [[pitta]] while madhura, tikta, and kashaya pacify it. And katu, tikta and kashaya aggravate [[vata]], while madhura, amla and lavana pacify it. Thus, three rasa aggravate one [[dosha]], whereas others pacify it. Proportionate use of all six rasas in a diet is considered healthy practice and forms the basis of a superior [[satmya]].

**The three aggravator rasas have similar mahabhuta constitution as the dosha while the other three pacifier rasas have opposite mahabhuta constitution.

**The three aggravator rasas have similar [[mahabhuta]] constitution as the [[dosha]] while the other three pacifier rasas have opposite [[mahabhuta]] constitution.

**Manifestations of panchmahabhautic constitution of dravya follows rules of cause and effect in regards to relationship between rasa, vipaka and veerya and is known as prakriti samasamaveta with an exception of vikrati visham samveta. Same rule is followed by interplay between doshas in genesis of disease.

**Manifestations of panchmahabhautic constitution of dravya follows rules of cause and effect in regards to relationship between rasa, vipaka and veerya and is known as prakriti samasamaveta with an exception of vikrati visham samveta. Same rule is followed by interplay between [[dosha]] in genesis of disease.

**If dravya and manifestations of interplay between doshas do not follow cause and effect rules, then it is called vikrati vishamasamaveta.

**If dravya and manifestations of interplay between [[dosha]] do not follow cause and effect rules, then it is called vikrati vishamasamaveta.

*Certain drugs are very effective but have side effects when used for prolonged periods, and therefore should be used carefully, such as pippali, kshara and lavana.

*Certain drugs are very effective but have side effects when used for prolonged periods, and therefore should be used carefully, such as pippali, kshara and lavana.

*There are eight guidelines for taking food ,called ahara vidhi visheshayatana (please see the chart given below).

*There are eight guidelines for taking food ,called ahara vidhi visheshayatana (please see the chart given below).

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| 1 || ''Prakriti''|| It indicates the natural qualities of the food articles i.e. the inherent qualities like guru (heavy), ''laghu'' (light) etc.

| 1 ||[[Prakriti]]|| It indicates the natural qualities of the food articles i.e. the inherent qualities like guru (heavy), ''laghu'' (light) etc.

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| 2 || ''Karana''|| The process or preparation of food. The method of preparation and processing of food changes the natural quality of the food.   

| 2 || ''Karana''|| The process or preparation of food. The method of preparation and processing of food changes the natural quality of the food.   

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| 1 || ''Ushnamashneeyaat''|| Warm food is relished, it enhances agni, gets digested early and stimulates the peristaltic movements and there by evacuates vata, reduces the kapha in intestinal area.

| 1 || ''Ushnamashneeyaat''|| Warm food is relished, it enhances [[agni]], gets digested early and stimulates the peristaltic movements and there by evacuates [[vata]], reduces the [[kapha]] in intestinal area.

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| 2 || ''Snigdhamashneeyaat''|| Unctuous food is relished, stimulates agni and peristaltic movements, the body is adequately nourished, strengthens the sense organs and also enhances vigour and complexion.   

| 2 || ''Snigdhamashneeyaat''|| Unctuous food is relished, stimulates [[agni]] and peristaltic movements, the body is adequately nourished, strengthens the sense organs and also enhances vigour and complexion.   

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| 3 || ''Maatraavadashneeyaat'' || In appropriate quantity, the food enhances the life expectancy of the person by keeping the tridoshas- vata, pitta and kapha in balance, gets easily propelled down towards the rectum, does not affect the digestive power and thus gets digested and assimilated without any disturbances.

| 3 || ''Maatraavadashneeyaat'' || In appropriate quantity, the food enhances the life expectancy of the person by keeping the tri[[dosha]]- [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] in balance, gets easily propelled down towards the rectum, does not affect the digestive power and thus gets digested and assimilated without any disturbances.

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| 4 || ''Jeerne ashneeyaat'' || The food should be eaten only after complete digestion of the previous meal as it is going to maintain the harmony of the doshas in their respective places, the agni is stimulated, the person develops the appetite, the channels are free of adherents and open, he gets the healthy eructation from the mouth, stomach is clear, peristaltic movements are normal, urges of flatus, urine and faeces are well attended to, that food is going to serve the sole purpose of promoting life by not vitiating any components of the body.

| 4 || ''Jeerne ashneeyaat'' || The food should be eaten only after complete digestion of the previous meal as it is going to maintain the harmony of the doshas in their respective places, the [[agni]] is stimulated, the person develops the appetite, the channels are free of adherents and open, he gets the healthy eructation from the mouth, stomach is clear, peristaltic movements are normal, urges of flatus, urine and faeces are well attended to, that food is going to serve the sole purpose of promoting life by not vitiating any components of the body.

If eaten while the previous meal is still in the stomach undigested, the newly consumed food mixes with the partially digested one and provokes the tridoshas.  

If eaten while the previous meal is still in the stomach undigested, the newly consumed food mixes with the partially digested one and provokes the tri[[dosha]].  

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| 5 || ''Veerya aviruddham ashneeyat'' || If antagonistic food is not eaten, the person is not afflicted with disorders born of incompatible diet (18 types of incompatible dietary as explained in [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/85-101].

| 5 || ''Veerya aviruddham ashneeyat'' || If antagonistic food is not eaten, the person is not afflicted with disorders born of incompatible diet (18 types of incompatible dietary as explained in [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/85-101].