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=== Introduction ===
=== Introduction ===
The second chapter of the [[Nidana Sthana]] focuses on ''rakta'', the second ''dhatu'', just as the first chapter on ''jwara'' focused on the first dhatu, rasa. Pitta is the primary cause of jwara which causes elevated temperature, leading to raktapitta. Thus it can be said that jwara is a cause of raktapitta, and an aggravated pitta is the cause of both jwara and raktapitta.
The second chapter of the [[Nidana Sthana]] focuses on ''rakta'', the second ''dhatu'', just as the first chapter on ''jwara'' focused on the first ''dhatu, rasa''. ''Pitta'' is the primary cause of ''jwara'' which causes elevated temperature, leading to ''raktapitta''. Thus it can be said that ''jwara'' is a cause of ''raktapitta'', and an aggravated ''pitta'' is the cause of both ''jwara'' and ''raktapitta''.
Raktapitta from the upper orifices is curable, while that from the lower orifices is considered palliable. Manifestation of bleeding from both the tracts is said to be incurable. Caraka advocates that in order to avoid progression to this stage, prompt preventive action should be taken.
Bleeding disorders also include conditions where bleeding is not apparent. Hemorrhagic strokes, vessel diseases, and heart attacks cause internal bleeding and do not erupt through the skin or orifices. These are typically due to vascular and other events and not caused due to ''raktapitta''. These disorders should be classified under ''avarana'' and ''shiragata vata''.
''Raktapitta'' manifests through two broadly divided routes that correlate with the flow of ''dosha'' energies in the body: the upper tract and the lower tract. The upper tract includes the orifices of eyes, ear, nose, and mouth/throat and is the route taken by the flow of blood when the person has an abundance of body ''kapha'' besides ''rakta'' and ''pitta''. When there is an abundance of body ''vata'' with an interplay of ''rakta'' and ''pitta'', ''raktapitta'' manifests through the lower tract using urine via hematuria and feces via occult blood. When bleeding manifests through both the routes, it indicates the involvement of both the ''doshas, vata'' and ''kapha''.
''Raktapitta'' from the upper orifices is curable, while that from the lower orifices is considered palliable. Manifestation of bleeding from both the tracts is said to be incurable. Charaka advocates that in order to avoid progression to this stage, prompt preventive action should be taken.
===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation===
===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation===