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|keywords=Purusha, man, microcosm, loka, macrocosm, universe, cause of disease and happiness, serenity, path to emancipation, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|keywords=Purusha, man, microcosm, loka, macrocosm, universe, cause of disease and happiness, serenity, path to emancipation, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.  

|description=Sharira Sthana Chapter 5. Detailed Study of holistic human being

|description=Sharira Sthana Chapter 5. Detailed Study of holistic human being

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Bhalerao S.

|data7  = Bhalerao S.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Bhalerao S.

|data8  = Bhalerao S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  =  

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|header3 =  

|label11 = DOI

 

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s04.006 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s04.006]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

=== ''Panchabhautika chikitsa'' ===

=== ''Panchabhautika chikitsa'' ===

The specific actions and effects of ''mahabhuta'' in development of various body constituents, organs, systems are described in previous chapter ([[Sharira Sthana]] chapter 4/12). The knowledge of similarity between man and universe can be applied for diagnosis of ailments and their treatments. The ''panchabhautika chikitsa'' system focuses on this principle. E.g. if certain body constituents originated from ''prithvi mahabhuta'' (bones) are disordered, then it can be treated with ''parthiva'' medicines available in the external world ( viz. shells, minerals).

The specific actions and effects of ''mahabhuta'' in development of various body constituents, organs, systems are described in previous chapter. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 4/12] The knowledge of similarity between man and universe can be applied for diagnosis of ailments and their treatments. The ''panchabhautika chikitsa'' system focuses on this principle. E.g. if certain body constituents originated from ''prithvi mahabhuta'' (bones) are disordered, then it can be treated with ''parthiva'' medicines available in the external world ( viz. shells, minerals).

=== Health and Disease: Causes ===

=== Health and Disease: Causes ===

#''Kala parinama'',  

#''Kala parinama'',  

#''Prajnaparadha'', and  

#''Prajnaparadha'', and  

#''Asatmyaindriyartha Samayoga''. ([[Sutra Sthana]], 1/54 and [[Sharira Sthana]], 1/98).

#''Asatmyaindriyartha Samayoga''. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/54] and [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/98]

In this context, it is important to note that ''kala'' (time), ''buddhi'' (intellect), and ''indriyartha'' (sense objects) are the three basic factors that govern an individual’s state of health and disease. ''Samayoga'', or favorable conditions, are conducive to health while ''vishamayoga'' (''ayoga, atiyoga'', and ''mithyayoga'') of ''kala, buddhi'', and ''indriyartha'' leads to disease. In the state of health, the basic components of the body – ''doshas, dhatus,'' and ''mala'' – are in a state of equilibrium, implied by the term ''samayoga''.

In this context, it is important to note that ''kala'' (time), ''buddhi'' (intellect), and ''indriyartha'' (sense objects) are the three basic factors that govern an individual’s state of health and disease. ''Samayoga'', or favorable conditions, are conducive to health while ''vishamayoga'' (''ayoga, atiyoga'', and ''mithyayoga'') of ''kala, buddhi'', and ''indriyartha'' leads to disease. In the state of health, the basic components of the body – ''doshas, dhatus,'' and ''mala'' – are in a state of equilibrium, implied by the term ''samayoga''.

==== ''Desha'' (habitat or local environment), and its role in health and disease ====

==== ''Desha'' (habitat or local environment), and its role in health and disease ====

The role of ''desha'' is significant in matters of health and disease. It denotes the habitat of an individual and is also considered among the ''karana dravyas'' in [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]]. ''Desha'' influences the individual’s diet, etiological factors responsible for various diseases, availability of medicinal plants. In fact, extending the man-environment, relationship, examination of one’s locale to be an important factor in the diagnosis of a disease. ''Desha'' is classified into three types: ''anupa desha'' (marshy land), ''jangala desha'' (forested or wooded land), and ''sadharana desha'' (mix of marshy and forested land). ([[Kalpa Sthana]], 1/6). The concept of ''oka satmya'' (adjustment or adapting to a particular diet or behavior due to habitual use or practice) is also closely related to ''desha'' and season. A diet or medication suitable to a particular region or time may be contraindicated in another.

The role of ''desha'' is significant in matters of health and disease. It denotes the habitat of an individual and is also considered among the ''karana dravyas'' in [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]]. ''Desha'' influences the individual’s diet, etiological factors responsible for various diseases, availability of medicinal plants. In fact, extending the man-environment, relationship, examination of one’s locale to be an important factor in the diagnosis of a disease. ''Desha'' is classified into three types: ''anupa desha'' (marshy land), ''jangala desha'' (forested or wooded land), and ''sadharana desha'' (mix of marshy and forested land). [Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/6] The concept of ''oka satmya'' (adjustment or adapting to a particular diet or behavior due to habitual use or practice) is also closely related to ''desha'' and season. A diet or medication suitable to a particular region or time may be contraindicated in another.

==== ''Kala'' (temporal factors), and its role in health and disease ====

==== ''Kala'' (temporal factors), and its role in health and disease ====

''Kala'' plays a very important role, and is a universal factor that affects the ''purusha'' and the ''loka''. Vedic texts talk of various time spans, quite similar to those in modern sciences – describing the life-spans of the universe and various celestial objects, as well as that of the ''purusha''. It is also a ''karana dravya'', ([[Sutra Sthana]], 1/48). ''Kala'' does not only mean time, but also seasons (''ritu''), and from that standpoint, plays an important role in determining causative factors of diseases or prescribing therapies for maintaining health.([[Sutra Sthana]] , 11/23, [[Vimana Sthana]], 1/21/6, [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/4).

''Kala'' plays a very important role, and is a universal factor that affects the ''purusha'' and the ''loka''. Vedic texts talk of various time spans, quite similar to those in modern sciences – describing the life-spans of the universe and various celestial objects, as well as that of the ''purusha''. It is also a ''karana dravya''. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/48] ''Kala'' does not only mean time, but also seasons (''ritu''), and from that standpoint, plays an important role in determining causative factors of diseases or prescribing therapies for maintaining health.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/23],[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21/6], [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 6/4]

''Kala'' also influences ''doshika'' rhythm. External environmental changes brought about by changes in the season influence the pattern of ''doshika'' changes in the body. These have been described to be of three stages: ''chaya'' (or ''sanchaya'', accumulation), ''prakopa'' (vitiation, aggravation), and ''prashamana'' (remission to normalcy) ([[Sutra Sthana]], 17/114). These stages generally occur in a natural manner through normal seasonal variations, and therefore care and adjustment in diet and lifestyle to account for these changes is specially advised.

''Kala'' also influences ''doshika'' rhythm. External environmental changes brought about by changes in the season influence the pattern of ''doshika'' changes in the body. These have been described to be of three stages: ''chaya'' (or ''sanchaya'', accumulation), ''prakopa'' (vitiation, aggravation), and ''prashamana'' (remission to normalcy). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 17/114] These stages generally occur in a natural manner through normal seasonal variations, and therefore care and adjustment in diet and lifestyle to account for these changes is specially advised.

=== Influence of ''purusha'' on ''loka'': ''janapadodhwamsa'' ===

=== Influence of ''purusha'' on ''loka'': ''janapadodhwamsa'' ===

While the ''purusha'' is influenced by his environment, the ''loka'' is also influenced by ''purusha'' by his virtuous as well as destructive activities. The concept of ''janapadodhwamsa'' talks of natural as well as man-made calamities and epidemics ([[Sutra Sthana]], 1/41, [[Vimana Sthana]], 3/9/11). In their natural elements, air, water, land, and seasons are indispensable in this order. This indicates that ''desha'' and ''kala/ritu'' are the most important factors from the standpoint of maintenance of health or for the occurrence of diseases. Vitiation of these four factors, besides the actions of one’s past life, has a direct bearing on the state of physical and mental health of individuals in particular and societies in general.  

While the ''purusha'' is influenced by his environment, the ''loka'' is also influenced by ''purusha'' by his virtuous as well as destructive activities. The concept of ''janapadodhwamsa'' talks of natural as well as man-made calamities and epidemics. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/41], [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/9-11] In their natural elements, air, water, land, and seasons are indispensable in this order. This indicates that ''desha'' and ''kala/ritu'' are the most important factors from the standpoint of maintenance of health or for the occurrence of diseases. Vitiation of these four factors, besides the actions of one’s past life, has a direct bearing on the state of physical and mental health of individuals in particular and societies in general.  

The path to achieve a status of complete human being and salvation is described in this chapter.  

The path to achieve a status of complete human being and salvation is described in this chapter.