Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators
10,100
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 2:
Line 2: − + Line 30:
Line 30: − + − + Line 38:
Line 38: − + − + − + − + + + + Line 120:
Line 123: − + Line 126:
Line 129: − + − + Line 188:
Line 191: − + + +
no edit summary
|title=Pratyaksha pramana
|title=Pratyaksha pramana
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Pratyaksha pramana, Pratyaksha pramana in ayurveda, Pratyaksha pramana meaning, Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana, evidence, proof in ayurveda, first hand experience
|keywords=carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Pratyaksha pramana, Pratyaksha pramana in ayurveda, Pratyaksha pramana meaning, Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana, evidence, proof in ayurveda, first hand experience, Bhojani M. K., Jogalekar A.A., Deole Y.S., Basisht Gopal
|description='Pratyaksha' means direct perception and 'pramana' means the tools for acquiring knowledge. Pratyaksha pramana is the most important method to acquire medical knowledge by direct perception
|description='Pratyaksha' means direct perception and 'pramana' means the tools for acquiring knowledge. Pratyaksha pramana is the most important method to acquire medical knowledge by direct perception
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
<sup>2</sup>Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi
<sup>2</sup>Department of Samhita Siddhant, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi
<sup>3</sup> [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
<sup>3</sup> Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
<sup>4</sup> Executive Editor and Professor in Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
<sup>4</sup> Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
|label6 = Correspondence emails
|label6 = Correspondence emails
carakasamhita@gmail.com
carakasamhita@gmail.com
|label7 = Date of first publication:
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = January 20, 2022
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
|label8 = DOI
|label8 = Date of first publication:
|data8 = under process
|data8 = January 20, 2022
|label9 = DOI
|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2022.e01.s09.081
}}
}}
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
'''3) Visual inspection (darshana or chakshushya pratyaksha)'''
'''3) Visual inspection (darshana or chakshushya pratyaksha)'''
Through the medium of visual perception (chakshu indriya) or netra, the complexion (varna), shape, location, appearance, form (sansthana), size or measurements (pramana), altered complexion (chhaya), normalcy (prakriti), abnormal characteristics (vikruti), good nourished built (upachaya), malnourished built (apachaya) can be assessed. The advent of investigation techniques like endoscopy, proctoscopy, fundoscopy, colonoscopy, X-ray techniques ultrasonography, microscopy, electron microscopy, CT (computer tomography) scans and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) have made the visual inspection (darshana pariksha) more precise.
Through the medium of visual perception (chakshu indriya) or netra, the complexion (varna), shape, location, appearance, form (sansthana), size or measurements (pramana), altered complexion (chhaya), normalcy ([[prakriti]]), abnormal characteristics ([[vikriti]]), good nourished built (upachaya), malnourished built (apachaya) can be assessed. The advent of investigation techniques like endoscopy, proctoscopy, fundoscopy, colonoscopy, X-ray techniques ultrasonography, microscopy, electron microscopy, CT (computer tomography) scans and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) have made the visual inspection (darshana pariksha) more precise.
Visual inspection is done to assess the abnormalities like pallor, cyanosis, oedema, petechial hemorrhage, skin lesions, deformities etc.
Visual inspection is done to assess the abnormalities like pallor, cyanosis, oedema, petechial hemorrhage, skin lesions, deformities etc.
'''4) Gustation (rasanapariksha)'''
'''4) Gustation (rasanapariksha)'''
This examination is applicable for the purpose of organoleptic and taste threshold studies. In clinical practice, this can’t be done by physician himself. It is done indirectly either by interrogation or by inspection/inference. It is not subjected to direct perception by the examiner but can be ascertained by inference (anumana pramana). Following phenomena can be observed by means of this method-
This examination is applicable for the purpose of organoleptic and taste threshold studies. In clinical practice, this can’t be done by physician himself. It is done indirectly either by interrogation or by inspection/inference. It is not subjected to direct perception by the examiner but can be ascertained by inference ([[anumana pramana]]). Following phenomena can be observed by means of this method-
#Yuka sansparshena shareeravairasya: Repulsion of parasites or organisms like lice from the patient’s body indicates the impairment of body physiology resulting in the attraction or repulsion of the insects from the body.
#Yuka sansparshena shareeravairasya: Repulsion of parasites or organisms like lice from the patient’s body indicates the impairment of body physiology resulting in the attraction or repulsion of the insects from the body.
#Makshikopasarpanena shariramadhurya: Attraction of flies towards patient indicates excessive sweetness (atimadhurya) in the body
#Makshikopasarpanena shariramadhurya: Attraction of flies towards patient indicates excessive sweetness (atimadhurya) in the body
#Lohitapitta sandeha: The differentiation between the vitiated and pure blood is done by this technique. It is also indicated in the differential diagnosis of conditions like bleeding disorders (raktapitta). To determine the nature of the blood, whether pure or vitiated, it should be fed to dog or crows. Acceptance or consumption of blood indicates purity, while rejection refers to impurity.
#Lohitapitta sandeha: The differentiation between the vitiated and pure blood is done by this technique. It is also indicated in the differential diagnosis of conditions like bleeding disorders ([[raktapitta]]). To determine the nature of the blood, whether pure or vitiated, it should be fed to dog or crows. Acceptance or consumption of blood indicates purity, while rejection refers to impurity.
#Aruchi, aasyavairasya: The impairment of taste of the patient can be assessed by the method of interrogation.
#Aruchi, aasyavairasya: The impairment of taste of the patient can be assessed by the method of interrogation.
#Mutre pippilikaabhisarpana: As indicated in diabetes with obstinate urinary disorders ([[prameha]]), this refers to the excessive sweetness in urine ([[mutra]]) and body.
#Mutre pippilikaabhisarpana: As indicated in diabetes with obstinate urinary disorders ([[prameha]]), this refers to the excessive sweetness in urine ([[mutra]]) and body.
==Related chapters==
==Related chapters==
[[Tistraishaniya Adhyaya]], [[Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana]], [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]], [[Pramana]]
==Related chapters==
[[Tistraishaniya Adhyaya]], [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]], [[Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana Adhyaya]], [[Pramana]], [[Anumana pramana]],[[Aaptopadesha pramana]],[[Yukti pramana]], [[Upamana pramana]], [[Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya]], [[Concepts and Contemporary Practices]].
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>