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→Types of prameha
त्रिदोषकोपनिमित्ताविंशतिःप्रमेहाभवन्तिविकाराश्चापरेऽपरिसङ्ख्येयाः|
त्रिदोषकोपनिमित्ताविंशतिःप्रमेहाभवन्तिविकाराश्चापरेऽपरिसङ्ख्येयाः|
तत्रयथात्रिदोषप्रकोपःप्रमेहानभिनिर्वर्तयतितथाऽनुव्याख्यास्यामः||३||
तत्रयथात्रिदोषप्रकोपःप्रमेहानभिनिर्वर्तयतितथाऽनुव्याख्यास्यामः||३||
tridōṣakōpanimittā viṁśatiḥ pramēhā bhavanti vikārāścāparē'parisaṅkhyēyāḥ|
tridōṣakōpanimittā viṁśatiḥ pramēhā bhavanti vikārāścāparē'parisaṅkhyēyāḥ|
tatra yathā tridōṣaprakōpaḥ pramēhānabhinirvartayati tathā'nuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ||3||
tatra yathā tridōṣaprakōpaḥ pramēhānabhinirvartayati tathā'nuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ||3||
Due to vitiation of three doshas, (any of) twenty types of prameha could occur. However, there may be innumerable other variations of the disease. We shall now explain the ways in which vitiation of the three doshas leads to the manifestation of the various types of prameha. [3]
Due to vitiation of three doshas, (any of) twenty types of prameha could occur. However, there may be innumerable other variations of the disease. We shall now explain the ways in which vitiation of the three doshas leads to the manifestation of the various types of prameha. [3]
Process of onset of disease:
==== Process of onset of disease ====
इहखलुनिदानदोषदूष्यविशेषेभ्योविकारविघातभावाभावप्रतिविशेषाभवन्ति|
इहखलुनिदानदोषदूष्यविशेषेभ्योविकारविघातभावाभावप्रतिविशेषाभवन्ति|
यदाह्येतेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःपरस्परंनानुबध्नन्त्यथवा[१]
यदाह्येतेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःपरस्परंनानुबध्नन्त्यथवा[१]
चिराद्वाऽप्यभिनिर्वर्तन्ते, तनवोवाभवन्त्ययथोक्तसर्वलिङ्गावा;
चिराद्वाऽप्यभिनिर्वर्तन्ते, तनवोवाभवन्त्ययथोक्तसर्वलिङ्गावा;
विपर्ययेविपरीताः;इतिसर्वविकारविघातभावाभावप्रतिविशेषाभिनिर्वृत्तिहेतुर्भवत्युक्तः||४||
विपर्ययेविपरीताः;इतिसर्वविकारविघातभावाभावप्रतिविशेषाभिनिर्वृत्तिहेतुर्भवत्युक्तः||४||
iha khalu nidānadōṣadūṣyaviśēṣēbhyō vikāravighātabhāvābhāvaprativiśēṣā bhavanti|
iha khalu nidānadōṣadūṣyaviśēṣēbhyō vikāravighātabhāvābhāvaprativiśēṣā bhavanti|
yadā hyētē trayō nidānādiviśēṣāḥ parasparaṁ nānubadhnantyathavā kālaprakarṣādabalīyāṁsō'thavā'nubadhnanti na tadā vikārābhinirvr̥ttiḥ,cirādvā'pyabhinirvartantē, tanavō vā bhavantyayathōktasarvaliṅgā vā; viparyayē viparītāḥ; itisarvavikāravighātabhāvābhāvaprativiśēṣābhinirvr̥ttihēturbhavatyuktaḥ||4||
yadā hyētē trayō nidānādiviśēṣāḥ parasparaṁ nānubadhnantyathavā kālaprakarṣādabalīyāṁsō'thavā'nubadhnanti na tadā vikārābhinirvr̥ttiḥ,cirādvā'pyabhinirvartantē, tanavō vā bhavantyayathōktasarvaliṅgā vā; viparyayē viparītāḥ; itisarvavikāravighātabhāvābhāvaprativiśēṣābhinirvr̥ttihēturbhavatyuktaḥ||4||
Thus, the presence or absence of specific factors determine the ability or otherwise of the body to resist all types of diseases. [4]
Thus, the presence or absence of specific factors determine the ability or otherwise of the body to resist all types of diseases. [4]
Etiology of kaphajaprameha:
==== Etiology of kaphajaprameha ====
तत्रेमेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःश्लेष्मनिमित्तानांप्रमेहाणामाश्वभिर्निर्वृत्तिकराभवन्ति; तद्यथा-
तत्रेमेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःश्लेष्मनिमित्तानांप्रमेहाणामाश्वभिर्निर्वृत्तिकराभवन्ति; तद्यथा-
हायनकयवकचीनकोद्दालकनैषधेत्कटमुकुन्दकमहाव्रीहिप्रमोदकसुगन्धकानां
हायनकयवकचीनकोद्दालकनैषधेत्कटमुकुन्दकमहाव्रीहिप्रमोदकसुगन्धकानां
नवानामतिवेलमतिप्रमाणेनचोपयोगः, तथासर्पिष्मतांनवहरेणुमाषसूप्यानां, ग्राम्यानूपौदकानांचमांसानां,शाकतिलपललपिष्टान्नपायसकृशराविलेपीक्षुविकाराणां, क्षीरनवमद्यमन्दकदधिद्रवमधुरतरुणप्रायाणांचोपयोगः, मृजाव्यायामवर्जनं, स्वप्नशयनासनप्रसङ्गः, यश्चकश्चिद्विधिरन्योऽपिश्लेष्ममेदोमूत्रसञ्जननः, ससर्वोनिदानविशेषः||५||
नवानामतिवेलमतिप्रमाणेनचोपयोगः, तथासर्पिष्मतांनवहरेणुमाषसूप्यानां, ग्राम्यानूपौदकानांचमांसानां,शाकतिलपललपिष्टान्नपायसकृशराविलेपीक्षुविकाराणां, क्षीरनवमद्यमन्दकदधिद्रवमधुरतरुणप्रायाणांचोपयोगः, मृजाव्यायामवर्जनं, स्वप्नशयनासनप्रसङ्गः, यश्चकश्चिद्विधिरन्योऽपिश्लेष्ममेदोमूत्रसञ्जननः, ससर्वोनिदानविशेषः||५||
बहुद्रवःश्लेष्मादोषविशेषः||६||
बहुद्रवःश्लेष्मादोषविशेषः||६||
बह्वबद्धं[१]मेदोमांसंशरीरजक्लेदःशुक्रंशोणितंवसामज्जालसीका
बह्वबद्धं[१]मेदोमांसंशरीरजक्लेदःशुक्रंशोणितंवसामज्जालसीका
रसश्चौजःसङ्ख्यातइतिदूष्यविशेषाः||७||
रसश्चौजःसङ्ख्यातइतिदूष्यविशेषाः||७||
tatrēmē trayō nidānādiviśēṣāḥ ślēṣmanimittānāṁ pramēhāṇāmāśvabhirnirvr̥ttikarā bhavanti; tadyathā-hāyanakayavakacīnakōddālakanaiṣadhētkaṭamukundakamahāvrīhipramōdakasugandhakānāṁ navānāmativēlamatipramāṇēna cōpayōgaḥ, tathā sarpiṣmatāṁnavaharēṇumāṣasūpyānāṁ, grāmyānūpaudakānāṁ ca māṁsānāṁ, śākatilapalalapiṣṭānnapāyasakr̥śarāvilēpīkṣuvikārāṇāṁ,kṣīranavamadyamandakadadhidravamadhurataruṇaprāyāṇāṁ cōpayōgaḥ, mr̥jāvyāyāmavarjanaṁ, svapnaśayanāsanaprasaṅgaḥ, yaśca kaścidvidhiranyō'piślēṣmamēdōmūtrasañjananaḥ, sa sarvō nidānaviśēṣaḥ||5||
tatrēmē trayō nidānādiviśēṣāḥ ślēṣmanimittānāṁ pramēhāṇāmāśvabhirnirvr̥ttikarā bhavanti; tadyathā-hāyanakayavakacīnakōddālakanaiṣadhētkaṭamukundakamahāvrīhipramōdakasugandhakānāṁ navānāmativēlamatipramāṇēna cōpayōgaḥ, tathā sarpiṣmatāṁnavaharēṇumāṣasūpyānāṁ, grāmyānūpaudakānāṁ ca māṁsānāṁ, śākatilapalalapiṣṭānnapāyasakr̥śarāvilēpīkṣuvikārāṇāṁ,kṣīranavamadyamandakadadhidravamadhurataruṇaprāyāṇāṁ cōpayōgaḥ, mr̥jāvyāyāmavarjanaṁ, svapnaśayanāsanaprasaṅgaḥ, yaśca kaścidvidhiranyō'piślēṣmamēdōmūtrasañjananaḥ, sa sarvō nidānaviśēṣaḥ||5||
bahudravaḥ ślēṣmā dōṣaviśēṣaḥ||6||
bahudravaḥ ślēṣmā dōṣaviśēṣaḥ||6||
bahvabaddhaṁ [2] mēdō māṁsaṁ śarīrajaklēdaḥ śukraṁ śōṇitaṁ vasā majjā lasīkā rasaścaujaḥsaṅkhyāta iti dūṣyaviśēṣāḥ||7||
bahvabaddhaṁ [2] mēdō māṁsaṁ śarīrajaklēdaḥ śukraṁ śōṇitaṁ vasā majjā lasīkā rasaścaujaḥsaṅkhyāta iti dūṣyaviśēṣāḥ||7||
TatrayonidAnAdivisheShAHshleShmanimittAnAMpramehANAmAshvabhirnirvRuttikarA
TatrayonidAnAdivisheShAHshleShmanimittAnAMpramehANAmAshvabhirnirvRuttikarA
bhavanti;tadyathAhAyanakayavakacInakoddAlakanaiShadhetkaTamukundakamahAvrIhipramodakasugandhakAnAMnavAnAmativelamatipramANenacopayogaH,tathAsarpiShmatAM
bhavanti;tadyathAhAyanakayavakacInakoddAlakanaiShadhetkaTamukundakamahAvrIhipramodakasugandhakAnAMnavAnAmativelamatipramANenacopayogaH,tathAsarpiShmatAM
yashcakashcidvidhiranyo~apishleShmamedomUtrasa~jjananaH,sa
yashcakashcidvidhiranyo~apishleShmamedomUtrasa~jjananaH,sa
sarvonidAnavisheShaH||5||
sarvonidAnavisheShaH||5||
Bahudrava shleShmA doShavisheShaH ||6||
Bahudrava shleShmA doShavisheShaH ||6||
Bahvabaddham medo mAMsaM sharIrajakledaH shukraM shoNitaM vasA majjA
Bahvabaddham medo mAMsaM sharIrajakledaH shukraM shoNitaM vasA majjA
lasIkA rasashcaujaHsa~gkhyAta iti dUShyavisheShAH ||7||
lasIkA rasashcaujaHsa~gkhyAta iti dUShyavisheShAH ||7||
Specific dushyas of prameha include excess abaddha meda (loose fat), mamsa (muscle tissues), vasa (muscle fat), majja (marrow), kleda (body fluids), sukra (semen and reproductive tissues), rakta (blood), lasika (lymph) and rasa (plasma) and ojas (the purest of all dhatus). [5-7]
Specific dushyas of prameha include excess abaddha meda (loose fat), mamsa (muscle tissues), vasa (muscle fat), majja (marrow), kleda (body fluids), sukra (semen and reproductive tissues), rakta (blood), lasika (lymph) and rasa (plasma) and ojas (the purest of all dhatus). [5-7]
Pathogenesis:
==== Pathogenesis ====
त्रयाणामेषांनिदानादिविशेषाणांसन्निपातेक्षिप्रंश्लेष्माप्रकोपमापद्यते,
त्रयाणामेषांनिदानादिविशेषाणांसन्निपातेक्षिप्रंश्लेष्माप्रकोपमापद्यते,
प्रागतिभूयस्त्वात्; सप्रकुपितःक्षिप्रमेवशरीरेविसृप्तिंलभते, शरीरशैथिल्यात्; सविसर्पञ्शरीरेमेदसैवादितोमिश्रीभावंगच्छति,
प्रागतिभूयस्त्वात्; सप्रकुपितःक्षिप्रमेवशरीरेविसृप्तिंलभते, शरीरशैथिल्यात्; सविसर्पञ्शरीरेमेदसैवादितोमिश्रीभावंगच्छति,
शरीरक्लेदमांसाभ्यांसंसर्गंगच्छति, क्लेदमांसयोरतिप्रमाणाभिवृद्धत्वात्;
शरीरक्लेदमांसाभ्यांसंसर्गंगच्छति, क्लेदमांसयोरतिप्रमाणाभिवृद्धत्वात्;
समांसेमांसप्रदोषात्पूतिमांसपिडकाःशराविकाकच्छपिकाद्याःसञ्जनयति,
समांसेमांसप्रदोषात्पूतिमांसपिडकाःशराविकाकच्छपिकाद्याःसञ्जनयति,
अप्रकृतिभूतत्वात्; शरीरक्लेदंपुनर्दूषयन्मूत्रत्वेनपरिणमयति, मूत्रवहानांचस्रोतसांवङ्क्षणबस्तिप्रभवाणां[१]मेदःक्लेदोपहितानिगुरूणिमुखान्यासाद्यप्रतिरुध्यते;ततःप्रमेहांस्तेषांस्थैर्यमसाध्यतांवाजनयति, प्रकृतिविकृतिभूतत्वात्||८||
अप्रकृतिभूतत्वात्; शरीरक्लेदंपुनर्दूषयन्मूत्रत्वेनपरिणमयति, मूत्रवहानांचस्रोतसांवङ्क्षणबस्तिप्रभवाणां[१]मेदःक्लेदोपहितानिगुरूणिमुखान्यासाद्यप्रतिरुध्यते;ततःप्रमेहांस्तेषांस्थैर्यमसाध्यतांवाजनयति, प्रकृतिविकृतिभूतत्वात्||८||
trayāṇāmēṣāṁ nidānādiviśēṣāṇāṁ sannipātē kṣipraṁ ślēṣmā prakōpamāpadyatē, prāgatibhūyastvāt; sa prakupitaḥ kṣipramēva śarīrē visr̥ptiṁ labhatē,śarīraśaithilyāt; sa visarpañ śarīrē mēdasaivāditō miśrībhāvaṁ gacchati, mēdasaścaiva bahvabaddhatvānmēdasaśca guṇaiḥ samānaguṇabhūyiṣṭhatvāt; sa mēdasāmiśrībhavan dūṣayatyēnat, vikr̥tatvāt; sa vikr̥tō duṣṭēna mēdasōpahitaḥ śarīraklēdamāṁsābhyāṁ saṁsargaṁ gacchati, klēdamāṁsayōratipramāṇābhivr̥ddhatvāt; samāṁsē māṁsapradōṣāt pūtimāṁsapiḍakāḥ śarāvikākacchapikādyāḥ sañjanayati, aprakr̥tibhūtatvāt; śarīraklēdaṁ punardūṣayan mūtratvēna pariṇamayati,mūtravahānāṁ ca srōtasāṁ vaṅkṣaṇabastiprabhavāṇāṁ mēdaḥklēdōpahitāni gurūṇi mukhānyāsādya pratirudhyatē; tataḥ pramēhāṁstēṣāṁsthairyamasādhyatāṁ vā janayati, prakr̥tivikr̥tibhūtatvāt||8||
trayāṇāmēṣāṁ nidānādiviśēṣāṇāṁ sannipātē kṣipraṁ ślēṣmā prakōpamāpadyatē, prāgatibhūyastvāt; sa prakupitaḥ kṣipramēva śarīrē visr̥ptiṁ labhatē,śarīraśaithilyāt; sa visarpañ śarīrē mēdasaivāditō miśrībhāvaṁ gacchati, mēdasaścaiva bahvabaddhatvānmēdasaśca guṇaiḥ samānaguṇabhūyiṣṭhatvāt; sa mēdasāmiśrībhavan dūṣayatyēnat, vikr̥tatvāt; sa vikr̥tō duṣṭēna mēdasōpahitaḥ śarīraklēdamāṁsābhyāṁ saṁsargaṁ gacchati, klēdamāṁsayōratipramāṇābhivr̥ddhatvāt; samāṁsē māṁsapradōṣāt pūtimāṁsapiḍakāḥ śarāvikākacchapikādyāḥ sañjanayati, aprakr̥tibhūtatvāt; śarīraklēdaṁ punardūṣayan mūtratvēna pariṇamayati,mūtravahānāṁ ca srōtasāṁ vaṅkṣaṇabastiprabhavāṇāṁ mēdaḥklēdōpahitāni gurūṇi mukhānyāsādya pratirudhyatē; tataḥ pramēhāṁstēṣāṁsthairyamasādhyatāṁ vā janayati, prakr̥tivikr̥tibhūtatvāt||8||
TrayAnAmesaM nidAnAdivisheShANAM sannipAte kShipraM shleShmA prakopamApadyate, prAgatibhUyastvAt; sa prakupitaH kShiprameva sharIre visRuptiM labhate, sharIrashaithilyAt;sa visarpa~j sharIre medasaivAdito mishrIbhAvaM gacchati, medasashcaiva bahvabaddhatvAnmedasashca guNaiH samAnaguNabhUyiShThatvAt;sa medasA mishrIbhavan dUShayatyenat, vikRutatvAt; sa vikRuto duShTena medasopahitaH sharIrakledamAMsAbhyAM saMsargaM gacchati, kledamAMsayoratipramANAbhivRuddhatvAt; sa mAMse Ma MsapradoShAt pUtimA MsapiDakAH sharAvikAkacchapikAdyAH sa~jjanayati, aprakRutibhUtatvAt; sharIrakledaM punardUShayanmUtratvena pariNamayati,mUtravahAnAM ca srotasAM va~gkShaNabastiprabhavANAM medaHkledopahitAni gurUNi mukhAnyAsAdya pratirudhyate; tataH pramehAMsteShAM sthairyamasAdhyatAM vA janayati, prakRutivikRutibhUtatvAt ||8||
TrayAnAmesaM nidAnAdivisheShANAM sannipAte kShipraM shleShmA prakopamApadyate, prAgatibhUyastvAt; sa prakupitaH kShiprameva sharIre visRuptiM labhate, sharIrashaithilyAt;sa visarpa~j sharIre medasaivAdito mishrIbhAvaM gacchati, medasashcaiva bahvabaddhatvAnmedasashca guNaiH samAnaguNabhUyiShThatvAt;sa medasA mishrIbhavan dUShayatyenat, vikRutatvAt; sa vikRuto duShTena medasopahitaH sharIrakledamAMsAbhyAM saMsargaM gacchati, kledamAMsayoratipramANAbhivRuddhatvAt; sa mAMse Ma MsapradoShAt pUtimA MsapiDakAH sharAvikAkacchapikAdyAH sa~jjanayati, aprakRutibhUtatvAt; sharIrakledaM punardUShayanmUtratvena pariNamayati,mUtravahAnAM ca srotasAM va~gkShaNabastiprabhavANAM medaHkledopahitAni gurUNi mukhAnyAsAdya pratirudhyate; tataH pramehAMsteShAM sthairyamasAdhyatAM vA janayati, prakRutivikRutibhUtatvAt ||8||
[8]
[8]
Signs, types, and prognosis of kaphaja prameha:
==== Signs, types, and prognosis of kaphaja prameha ====
शरीरक्लेदस्तुश्लेष्ममेदोमिश्रःप्रविशन्मूत्राशयंमूत्रत्वमापद्यमानःश्लैष्मिकैरेभिर्दशभिर्गुणैरुपसृज्यतेवैषम्ययुक्तैः; तद्यथा- श्वेतशीतमूर्तपिच्छिलाच्छस्निग्धगुरुमधुरसान्द्रप्रसादमन्दैः,तत्रयेनगुणेनैकेनानेकेनवाभूयस्तरमुपसृज्यतेतत्समाख्यंगौणंनामविशेषंप्राप्नोति||९||
शरीरक्लेदस्तुश्लेष्ममेदोमिश्रःप्रविशन्मूत्राशयंमूत्रत्वमापद्यमानःश्लैष्मिकैरेभिर्दशभिर्गुणैरुपसृज्यतेवैषम्ययुक्तैः; तद्यथा- श्वेतशीतमूर्तपिच्छिलाच्छस्निग्धगुरुमधुरसान्द्रप्रसादमन्दैः,तत्रयेनगुणेनैकेनानेकेनवाभूयस्तरमुपसृज्यतेतत्समाख्यंगौणंनामविशेषंप्राप्नोति||९||
तेतुखल्विमेदशप्रमेहानामविशेषेणभवन्ति; तद्यथा- उदकमेहश्च, इक्षुवालिकारसमेहश्च, सान्द्रमेहश्च, सान्द्रप्रसादमेहश्च, शुक्लमेहश्च, शुक्रमेहश्च,शीतमेहश्च, सिकतामेहश्च, शनैर्मेहश्च, आलालमेहश्चेति||१०||
तेतुखल्विमेदशप्रमेहानामविशेषेणभवन्ति; तद्यथा- उदकमेहश्च, इक्षुवालिकारसमेहश्च, सान्द्रमेहश्च, सान्द्रप्रसादमेहश्च, शुक्लमेहश्च, शुक्रमेहश्च,शीतमेहश्च, सिकतामेहश्च, शनैर्मेहश्च, आलालमेहश्चेति||१०||
तेदशप्रमेहाःसाध्याः;समानगुणमेदःस्थानकत्वात्, कफस्यप्राधान्यात्, समक्रियत्वाच्च||११||
तेदशप्रमेहाःसाध्याः;समानगुणमेदःस्थानकत्वात्, कफस्यप्राधान्यात्, समक्रियत्वाच्च||११||
śarīraklēdastu ślēṣmamēdōmiśraḥ praviśan mūtrāśayaṁ mūtratvamāpadyamānaḥ ślaiṣmikairēbhirdaśabhirguṇairupasr̥jyatē vaiṣamyayuktaiḥ; tadyathā-śvētaśītamūrtapicchilācchasnigdhagurumadhurasāndraprasādamandaiḥ, tatra yēna guṇēnaikēnānēkēna vā bhūyastaramupasr̥jyatē tatsamākhyaṁ gauṇaṁnāmaviśēṣaṁ prāpnōti||9||
śarīraklēdastu ślēṣmamēdōmiśraḥ praviśan mūtrāśayaṁ mūtratvamāpadyamānaḥ ślaiṣmikairēbhirdaśabhirguṇairupasr̥jyatē vaiṣamyayuktaiḥ; tadyathā-śvētaśītamūrtapicchilācchasnigdhagurumadhurasāndraprasādamandaiḥ, tatra yēna guṇēnaikēnānēkēna vā bhūyastaramupasr̥jyatē tatsamākhyaṁ gauṇaṁnāmaviśēṣaṁ prāpnōti||9||
tē tu khalvimē daśa pramēhā nāmaviśēṣēṇa bhavanti; tadyathā- udakamēhaśca, ikṣuvālikārasamēhaśca, sāndramēhaśca, sāndraprasādamēhaśca, śuklamēhaśca,śukramēhaśca, śītamēhaśca, sikatāmēhaśca, śanairmēhaśca, ālālamēhaścēti||10||
tē tu khalvimē daśa pramēhā nāmaviśēṣēṇa bhavanti; tadyathā- udakamēhaśca, ikṣuvālikārasamēhaśca, sāndramēhaśca, sāndraprasādamēhaśca, śuklamēhaśca,śukramēhaśca, śītamēhaśca, sikatāmēhaśca, śanairmēhaśca, ālālamēhaścēti||10||
tē daśa pramēhāḥ sādhyāḥ; samānaguṇamēdaḥsthānakatvāt, kaphasya prādhānyāt, samakriyatvācca||11||
tē daśa pramēhāḥ sādhyāḥ; samānaguṇamēdaḥsthānakatvāt, kaphasya prādhānyāt, samakriyatvācca||11||
Sarirakledastu shleShmamedomishraH pravishan mUtrAshayaM
Sarirakledastu shleShmamedomishraH pravishan mUtrAshayaM
mUtratvamApadyamAnaH shlaiShmikairebhirdashabhirguNairupasRujyate
mUtratvamApadyamAnaH shlaiShmikairebhirdashabhirguNairupasRujyate
vaiShamyayuktaiH; tadyathA shvetashItam UrtapicchilAcchasnigdhagurumadhurasAndraprasAdamandaiH, tatra
vaiShamyayuktaiH; tadyathA shvetashItam UrtapicchilAcchasnigdhagurumadhurasAndraprasAdamandaiH, tatra
yena guNenaikenAnekenavA bhUyastaramupasRujyate tatsamAkhyaM
yena guNenaikenAnekenavA bhUyastaramupasRujyate tatsamAkhyaM
gauNaM nAmavisheShaM prApnoti||9|| te tu khalvime dasha pramehA
gauNaM nAmavisheShaM prApnoti||9||
te tu khalvime dasha pramehA
nAmavisheSheNa bhavanti; tadyathA- udakamehashca, ikShuvAlikArasamehashca, sAndramehashca, sAndraprasAdamehashca,
nAmavisheSheNa bhavanti; tadyathA- udakamehashca, ikShuvAlikArasamehashca, sAndramehashca, sAndraprasAdamehashca,
shuklamehashca, shukramehashca, shItamehashca, sikatAmehashca,
shuklamehashca, shukramehashca, shItamehashca, sikatAmehashca,
shanairmehashca, AlAlamehashceti||10||
shanairmehashca, AlAlamehashceti||10||
te dasha pramehAH sAdhyAH; samAnaguNamedaHsthAnakatvAt,
te dasha pramehAH sAdhyAH; samAnaguNamedaHsthAnakatvAt,
kaphasya prAdhAnyAt, samakriyatvAcca||11||
kaphasya prAdhAnyAt, samakriyatvAcca||11||
Fluids of the body (kleda) along with kapha and medas (fat) enter the vrikka (kidney) and basti (urinary bladder), transforming into mutra (urine). During this process, they acquire the morbid qualities of kapha, viz, white, cold, particulate, slimy, transparent, unctuous, heavy, sweet, dense, clear and slow. The morbid conditions are named after these qualities, one or many of which may dominate the process of pathogenesis.
Fluids of the body (kleda) along with kapha and medas (fat) enter the vrikka (kidney) and basti (urinary bladder), transforming into mutra (urine). During this process, they acquire the morbid qualities of kapha, viz, white, cold, particulate, slimy, transparent, unctuous, heavy, sweet, dense, clear and slow. The morbid conditions are named after these qualities, one or many of which may dominate the process of pathogenesis.
The ten kaphaja prameha variants are as follows:
The ten kaphaja prameha variants are as follows:
1. Udakameha
1. Udakameha
9. Shanirameha
9. Shanirameha
10. Alalameha
10. Alalameha
These are curable because
These are curable because
(1) the medas (fat) and kapha have similar properties and loci,
(1) the medas (fat) and kapha have similar properties and loci,
(2) the kapha is dominant, and
(2) the kapha is dominant, and
(3) both medas and kapha are amenable to the same treatment. [9-11]
(3) both medas and kapha are amenable to the same treatment. [9-11]
Specific features of types of kaphaja prameha:
==== Specific features of types of kaphaja prameha ====
तत्रश्लोकाः
तत्रश्लोकाः
श्लेष्मप्रमेहविशेषविज्ञानार्थाभवन्ति-||१२||
श्लेष्मप्रमेहविशेषविज्ञानार्थाभवन्ति-||१२||
अच्छंबहुसितंशीतंनिर्गन्धमुदकोपमम्|
अच्छंबहुसितंशीतंनिर्गन्धमुदकोपमम्|
श्लेष्मकोपान्नरोमूत्रमुदमेहीप्रमेहति||१३||
श्लेष्मकोपान्नरोमूत्रमुदमेहीप्रमेहति||१३||
अत्यर्थमधुरंशीतमीषत्पिच्छिलमाविलम्|
अत्यर्थमधुरंशीतमीषत्पिच्छिलमाविलम्|
काण्डेक्षुरसमङ्काशंश्लेष्मकोपात्प्रमेहति||१४||
काण्डेक्षुरसमङ्काशंश्लेष्मकोपात्प्रमेहति||१४||
यस्यपर्युषितंमूत्रंसान्द्रीभवतिभाजने|
यस्यपर्युषितंमूत्रंसान्द्रीभवतिभाजने|
पुरुषंकफकोपेनतमाहुःसान्द्रमेहिनम्||१५||
पुरुषंकफकोपेनतमाहुःसान्द्रमेहिनम्||१५||
यस्यसंहन्यतेमूत्रंकिञ्चित्किञ्चित्प्रसीदति|
यस्यसंहन्यतेमूत्रंकिञ्चित्किञ्चित्प्रसीदति|
सान्द्रप्रसादमेहीतितमाहुःश्लेष्मकोपतः||१६||
सान्द्रप्रसादमेहीतितमाहुःश्लेष्मकोपतः||१६||
शुक्लंपिष्टनिभंमूत्रमभीक्ष्णंयःप्रमेहति|
शुक्लंपिष्टनिभंमूत्रमभीक्ष्णंयःप्रमेहति|
पुरुषंकफकोपेनतमाहुःशुक्लमेहिनम्||१७||
पुरुषंकफकोपेनतमाहुःशुक्लमेहिनम्||१७||
शुक्राभंशुक्रमिश्रंवामुहुर्मेहतियोनरः|
शुक्राभंशुक्रमिश्रंवामुहुर्मेहतियोनरः|
शुक्रमेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||१८||
शुक्रमेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||१८||
अत्यर्थमधुरंशीतंमूत्रंमेहतियोभृशम्|
अत्यर्थमधुरंशीतंमूत्रंमेहतियोभृशम्|
शीतमेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||१९||
शीतमेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||१९||
मूर्तान्मूत्रगतान्दोषानणून्मेहतियोनरः|
मूर्तान्मूत्रगतान्दोषानणून्मेहतियोनरः|
सिकतामेहिनंविद्यात्तंनरंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२०||
सिकतामेहिनंविद्यात्तंनरंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२०||
मन्दंमन्दमवेगंतुकृच्छ्रंयोमूत्रयेच्छनैः|
मन्दंमन्दमवेगंतुकृच्छ्रंयोमूत्रयेच्छनैः|
शनैर्मेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२१||
शनैर्मेहिनमाहुस्तंपुरुषंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२१||
तन्तुबद्धमिवालालंपिच्छिलंयःप्रमेहति|
तन्तुबद्धमिवालालंपिच्छिलंयःप्रमेहति|
आलालमेहिनंविद्यात्तंनरंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२२||
आलालमेहिनंविद्यात्तंनरंश्लेष्मकोपतः||२२||
इत्येतेदशप्रमेहाःश्लेष्मप्रकोपनिमित्ताव्याख्याताभवन्ति||२३||
इत्येतेदशप्रमेहाःश्लेष्मप्रकोपनिमित्ताव्याख्याताभवन्ति||२३||
tatra ślōkāḥ ślēṣmapramēhaviśēṣavijñānārthā bhavanti-||12||
tatra ślōkāḥ ślēṣmapramēhaviśēṣavijñānārthā bhavanti-||12||
acchaṁ bahu sitaṁ śītaṁ nirgandhamudakōpamam|
acchaṁ bahu sitaṁ śītaṁ nirgandhamudakōpamam|
ślēṣmakōpānnarō mūtramudamēhī pramēhati||13||
ślēṣmakōpānnarō mūtramudamēhī pramēhati||13||
atyarthamadhuraṁ śītamīṣatpicchilamāvilam|
atyarthamadhuraṁ śītamīṣatpicchilamāvilam|
kāṇḍēkṣurasamaṅkāśaṁ ślēṣmakōpāt pramēhati||14||
kāṇḍēkṣurasamaṅkāśaṁ ślēṣmakōpāt pramēhati||14||
yasya paryuṣitaṁ mūtraṁ sāndrībhavati bhājanē|
yasya paryuṣitaṁ mūtraṁ sāndrībhavati bhājanē|
puruṣaṁ kaphakōpēna tamāhuḥ sāndramēhinam||15||
puruṣaṁ kaphakōpēna tamāhuḥ sāndramēhinam||15||
yasya saṁhanyatē mūtraṁ kiñcit kiñcit prasīdati|
yasya saṁhanyatē mūtraṁ kiñcit kiñcit prasīdati|
sāndraprasādamēhīti tamāhuḥ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||16||
sāndraprasādamēhīti tamāhuḥ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||16||
śuklaṁ piṣṭanibhaṁ mūtramabhīkṣṇaṁ yaḥ pramēhati|
śuklaṁ piṣṭanibhaṁ mūtramabhīkṣṇaṁ yaḥ pramēhati|
puruṣaṁ kaphakōpēna tamāhuḥ śuklamēhinam||17||
puruṣaṁ kaphakōpēna tamāhuḥ śuklamēhinam||17||
śukrābhaṁ śukramiśraṁ vā muhurmēhati yō naraḥ|
śukrābhaṁ śukramiśraṁ vā muhurmēhati yō naraḥ|
śukramēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||18||
śukramēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||18||
atyarthamadhuraṁ śītaṁ mūtraṁ mēhati yō bhr̥śam|
atyarthamadhuraṁ śītaṁ mūtraṁ mēhati yō bhr̥śam|
śītamēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||19||
śītamēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||19||
mūrtānmūtragatān dōṣānaṇūnmēhati yō naraḥ|
mūrtānmūtragatān dōṣānaṇūnmēhati yō naraḥ|
sikatāmēhinaṁ vidyāttaṁ naraṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||20||
sikatāmēhinaṁ vidyāttaṁ naraṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||20||
mandaṁ mandamavēgaṁ tu kr̥cchraṁ yō mūtrayēcchanaiḥ|
mandaṁ mandamavēgaṁ tu kr̥cchraṁ yō mūtrayēcchanaiḥ|
śanairmēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||21||
śanairmēhinamāhustaṁ puruṣaṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||21||
tantubaddhamivālālaṁ picchilaṁ yaḥ pramēhati|
tantubaddhamivālālaṁ picchilaṁ yaḥ pramēhati|
ālālamēhinaṁ vidyāttaṁ naraṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||22||
ālālamēhinaṁ vidyāttaṁ naraṁ ślēṣmakōpataḥ||22||
ityētē daśa pramēhāḥ ślēṣmaprakōpanimittā vyākhyātā bhavanti||23||
ityētē daśa pramēhāḥ ślēṣmaprakōpanimittā vyākhyātā bhavanti||23||
tatra shlokAH shleShmapramehavisheShavij~jAnArthA bhavanti-||12||
tatra shlokAH shleShmapramehavisheShavij~jAnArthA bhavanti-||12||
acchaM bahu sitaM shItaM nirgandhamudakopamam|
acchaM bahu sitaM shItaM nirgandhamudakopamam|
shleShmakopAnnaro mUtramudamehI pramehati||13||
shleShmakopAnnaro mUtramudamehI pramehati||13||
atyarthamadhuraM shItamIShatpicchilamAvilam|
atyarthamadhuraM shItamIShatpicchilamAvilam|
kANDekShurasama~gkAshaM shleShmakopAt pramehati||14||
kANDekShurasama~gkAshaM shleShmakopAt pramehati||14||
yasya paryuShitaM mUtraM sAndrIbhavati bhAjane|
yasya paryuShitaM mUtraM sAndrIbhavati bhAjane|
puruShaM kaphakopena tamAhuH sAndramehinam||15||
puruShaM kaphakopena tamAhuH sAndramehinam||15||
yasya saMhanyate mUtraM ki~jcit ki~jcit prasIdati|
yasya saMhanyate mUtraM ki~jcit ki~jcit prasIdati|
sAndraprasAdamehIti tamAhuH shleShmakopataH||16||
sAndraprasAdamehIti tamAhuH shleShmakopataH||16||
shuklaM piShTanibhaM mUtramabhIkShNaM yaH pramehati|
shuklaM piShTanibhaM mUtramabhIkShNaM yaH pramehati|
puruShaM kaphakopena tamAhuH shuklamehinam||17||
puruShaM kaphakopena tamAhuH shuklamehinam||17||
shukrAbhaM shukramishraM vA muhurmehati yo naraH|
shukrAbhaM shukramishraM vA muhurmehati yo naraH|
shukramehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||18||
shukramehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||18||
atyarthamadhuraM shItaM mUtraM mehati yo bhRusham|
atyarthamadhuraM shItaM mUtraM mehati yo bhRusham|
shItamehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||19||
shItamehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||19||
mUrtAnmUtragatAn doShAnaNUnmehati yo naraH|
mUrtAnmUtragatAn doShAnaNUnmehati yo naraH|
sikatAmehinaM vidyAttaM naraM shleShmakopataH||20||
sikatAmehinaM vidyAttaM naraM shleShmakopataH||20||
mandaM mandamavegaM tu kRucchraM yo mUtrayecchanaiH|
mandaM mandamavegaM tu kRucchraM yo mUtrayecchanaiH|
shanairmehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||21||
shanairmehinamAhustaM puruShaM shleShmakopataH||21||
tantubaddhamivAlAlaM picchilaM yaH pramehati|
tantubaddhamivAlAlaM picchilaM yaH pramehati|
AlAlamehinaM vidyAttaM naraM shleShmakopataH||22||
AlAlamehinaM vidyAttaM naraM shleShmakopataH||22||
ityete dasha pramehAH shleShmaprakopanimittA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||23||
ityete dasha pramehAH shleShmaprakopanimittA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||23||
The specific features of different types of kaphajaprameha are as follows (in verses):
The specific features of different types of kaphajaprameha are as follows (in verses):
1. In udakameha the individual passes large quantities of water-like urine which is transparent, white, cold and without any smell.
1. In udakameha the individual passes large quantities of water-like urine which is transparent, white, cold and without any smell.
2. In iksuvalikarasameha, the patient passes urine resembling sugarcane juice which is exceedingly sweet, cold, slightly saline, and turbid.
2. In iksuvalikarasameha, the patient passes urine resembling sugarcane juice which is exceedingly sweet, cold, slightly saline, and turbid.
10. In alalameha, the patient passes urine which is phlegm-like and slimy as if full of threads.
10. In alalameha, the patient passes urine which is phlegm-like and slimy as if full of threads.
Thus, the ten types of prameha due to vitiation of kapha have beenexplained. [12-23]
Thus, the ten types of prameha due to vitiation of kapha have beenexplained. [12-23]
Etiology and types of pittaja prameha:
==== Etiology and types of pittaja prameha ====
उष्णाम्ललवणक्षारकटुकाजीर्णभोजनोपसेविनस्तथाऽतितीक्ष्णातपाग्निसन्तापश्रमक्रोधविषमाहारोपसेविनश्चतथाविधशरीरस्यैवक्षिप्रंपित्तंप्रकोपमापद्यते, तत्तुप्रकुपितंतयैवानुपूर्व्याप्रमेहानिमान्षट्क्षिप्रतरमभिनिर्वर्तयति||२४||
उष्णाम्ललवणक्षारकटुकाजीर्णभोजनोपसेविनस्तथाऽतितीक्ष्णातपाग्निसन्तापश्रमक्रोधविषमाहारोपसेविनश्चतथाविधशरीरस्यैवक्षिप्रंपित्तंप्रकोपमापद्यते, तत्तुप्रकुपितंतयैवानुपूर्व्याप्रमेहानिमान्षट्क्षिप्रतरमभिनिर्वर्तयति||२४||
तेषामपितुखलुपित्तगुणविशेषेणैवनामविशेषाभवन्ति; तद्यथा- क्षारमेहश्च, कालमेहश्च, नीलमेहश्च, लोहितमेहश्च, माञ्जिष्ठमेहश्च, हारिद्रमेहश्चेति||२५||
तेषामपितुखलुपित्तगुणविशेषेणैवनामविशेषाभवन्ति; तद्यथा- क्षारमेहश्च, कालमेहश्च, नीलमेहश्च, लोहितमेहश्च, माञ्जिष्ठमेहश्च, हारिद्रमेहश्चेति||२५||
तेषड्भिरेवक्षाराम्ललवणकटुकविस्रोष्णैःपित्तगुणैःपूर्ववद्युक्ताभवन्ति||२६||
तेषड्भिरेवक्षाराम्ललवणकटुकविस्रोष्णैःपित्तगुणैःपूर्ववद्युक्ताभवन्ति||२६||
uṣṇāmlalavaṇakṣārakaṭukājīrṇabhōjanōpasēvinastathā'titīkṣṇātapāgnisantāpaśrama krōdhaviṣamāhārōpasēvinaśca tathāvidhaśarīrasyaiva kṣipraṁ pittaṁprakōpamāpadyatē, tattu prakupitaṁ tayaivānupūrvyā pramēhānimān ṣaṭ kṣiprataramabhinirvartayati||24||
uṣṇāmlalavaṇakṣārakaṭukājīrṇabhōjanōpasēvinastathā'titīkṣṇātapāgnisantāpaśrama krōdhaviṣamāhārōpasēvinaśca tathāvidhaśarīrasyaiva kṣipraṁ pittaṁprakōpamāpadyatē, tattu prakupitaṁ tayaivānupūrvyā pramēhānimān ṣaṭ kṣiprataramabhinirvartayati||24||
tēṣāmapi tu khalu pittaguṇaviśēṣēṇaiva nāmaviśēṣā bhavanti; tadyathā- kṣāramēhaśca, kālamēhaśca, nīlamēhaśca, lōhitamēhaśca, māñjiṣṭhamēhaśca,hāridramēhaścēti||25||
tēṣāmapi tu khalu pittaguṇaviśēṣēṇaiva nāmaviśēṣā bhavanti; tadyathā- kṣāramēhaśca, kālamēhaśca, nīlamēhaśca, lōhitamēhaśca, māñjiṣṭhamēhaśca,hāridramēhaścēti||25||
tē ṣaḍbhirēva kṣārāmlalavaṇakaṭukavisrōṣṇaiḥ pittaguṇaiḥ pūrvavadyuktā bhavanti||26||
tē ṣaḍbhirēva kṣārāmlalavaṇakaṭukavisrōṣṇaiḥ pittaguṇaiḥ pūrvavadyuktā bhavanti||26||
uShNAmlalavaNakShArakaTukAjIrNabhojanopasevinastathA~atitIkShNAtapAgnisantApashrama
uShNAmlalavaNakShArakaTukAjIrNabhojanopasevinastathA~atitIkShNAtapAgnisantApashrama
krodhaviShamAhAropasevinashca tathAvidhasharIrasyaiva kShipraM pittaM prakopamApadyate, tattu prakupitaM tayaivAnupUrvyA pramehAnimAn ShaT kShiprataramabhinirvartayati||24||
krodhaviShamAhAropasevinashca tathAvidhasharIrasyaiva kShipraM pittaM prakopamApadyate, tattu prakupitaM tayaivAnupUrvyA pramehAnimAn ShaT kShiprataramabhinirvartayati||24||
teShAmapi tu khalu pittaguNavisheSheNaiva nAmavisheShA bhavanti; tadyathA- kShAramehashca, kAlamehashca, nIlamehashca, lohitamehashca, mA~jjiShThamehashca, hAridramehashceti||25|| te ShaDbhireva kShArAmlalavaNakaTukavisroShNaiH pittaguNaiH pUrvavadyuktA bhavanti||26||
teShAmapi tu khalu pittaguNavisheSheNaiva nAmavisheShA bhavanti; tadyathA- kShAramehashca, kAlamehashca, nIlamehashca, lohitamehashca, mA~jjiShThamehashca, hAridramehashceti||25||
te ShaDbhireva kShArAmlalavaNakaTukavisroShNaiH pittaguNaiH pUrvavadyuktA bhavanti||26||
Pitta gets immediately aggravated in an individual whose body is pre-conditioned by abovementioned (verse 5) factors and exposed to factors such as the following:
Pitta gets immediately aggravated in an individual whose body is pre-conditioned by abovementioned (verse 5) factors and exposed to factors such as the following:
3. Exposure to excessively hot sun, heat of the fire, physical exertion and anger; and
3. Exposure to excessively hot sun, heat of the fire, physical exertion and anger; and
4. Intake of mutually contradictory food articles.
4. Intake of mutually contradictory food articles.
The aggravated pitta following the same pathogenic process (as mentioned for kaphaja prameha) and manifests into one of six types of pittaja prameha. The process of manifestation is quicker than that of kaphaja meha. According to the characteristics of pitta, they are named as follows:
The aggravated pitta following the same pathogenic process (as mentioned for kaphaja prameha) and manifests into one of six types of pittaja prameha. The process of manifestation is quicker than that of kaphaja meha. According to the characteristics of pitta, they are named as follows:
1. Kharameha
1. Kharameha
2. Kalameha
2. Kalameha
5. Manjisthameha
5. Manjisthameha
6. Haridrameha
6. Haridrameha
As described in earlier chapters, these variants also manifest due to permutations and combinations of the six qualities of pitta ,i.e., alkaline, sour, saline, pungent, hot and having smell like that of raw fish. [24-26]
As described in earlier chapters, these variants also manifest due to permutations and combinations of the six qualities of pitta ,i.e., alkaline, sour, saline, pungent, hot and having smell like that of raw fish. [24-26]
Specific features of types of pittaja prameha:
==== Specific features of types of pittaja prameha ====
सर्वएवतेयाप्याःसंसृष्टदोषमेदःस्थानत्वाद्विरुद्धोपक्रमत्वाच्चेति||२७||
सर्वएवतेयाप्याःसंसृष्टदोषमेदःस्थानत्वाद्विरुद्धोपक्रमत्वाच्चेति||२७||
तत्रश्लोकाःपित्तप्रमेहविशेषविज्ञानार्थाभवन्ति-||२८||
तत्रश्लोकाःपित्तप्रमेहविशेषविज्ञानार्थाभवन्ति-||२८||