Changes

{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Pannarupiyam Indriyam Adhyaya

|title=Pannarupiyam Indriyam Adhyaya

|keywords=shadow image, complexion, luster, chhaya, varna, prabha, Ayurveda, pupuliary reaction, signs of death, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=shadow image, complexion, luster, chhaya, varna, prabha, Ayurveda, pupuliary reaction, signs of death, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in Shadows, Complexion, and luster

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in Shadows, Complexion, and luster

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<big>'''[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in shadows, complexion, and luster'''</big>

<big>'''[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in shadows, complexion, and luster'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data7  = Babu S.P.

|data7  = Babu S.P.

|label8 = Editors

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 =  2020

|data9 =  2020

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">The seventh chapter [[Pannarupiyam Indriyam Adhyaya]] deals with the loss of shadow image in eyes, changes in complexion and luster indicative of imminent death. Difference between shadow and luster is also explained in this chapter with characteristic features of shadows pertaining to each of [[pancha mahabhuta]]. The chapter focuses on fatal prognostic features related to complexion and luster. </p>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The seventh chapter [[Pannarupiyam Indriyam Adhyaya]] deals with the loss of shadow image in eyes, changes in complexion and luster indicative of imminent death. Difference between shadow and luster is also explained in this chapter with characteristic features of shadows pertaining to each of [[pancha mahabhuta]]. The chapter focuses on fatal prognostic features related to complexion and luster.  

'''Keywords:''' shadow image, complexion, luster, [[chhaya]], [[varna]], [[prabha]], pupuliary reaction, signs of death.  

'''Keywords:''' shadow image, complexion, luster, [[chhaya]], [[varna]], [[prabha]], pupuliary reaction, signs of death.  

! rowspan="1"| Distinctive characteristic features of shadows  

! rowspan="1"| Distinctive characteristic features of shadows  

|-

|-

| 1 || [[Akash mahabhuta]] || Clear , blue, unctuous and lustrous shadow  

| 1 || [[Akasha mahabhuta]] || Clear , blue, unctuous and lustrous shadow  

|-

|-

| 2.|| [[Vayu mahabhuta]] || Dry, brown, and reddish  

| 2.|| [[Vayu mahabhuta]] || Dry, brown, and reddish  

|+ Table 2: [[Mahabhuta]] and their characteristics related to [[chhaya]] (skin complexions)  

|+ Table 2: [[Mahabhuta]] and their characteristics related to [[chhaya]] (skin complexions)  

|-

|-

! Parameter!!  [[Aksaha]]!! [[Vayu mahabhuta]]!! [[Agni mahabhuta]]  !! [[Jala mahabhuta]]!! [[Prithvi mahabhuta]]  

! Parameter!!  [[Akasha mahabhuta]]!! [[Vayu mahabhuta]]!! [[Agni mahabhuta]]  !! [[Jala mahabhuta]]!! [[Prithvi mahabhuta]]  

|-

|-

| | Color  || Neela (blue)  ||  Shyava-aruna (grayish red) || Rakta (red) || Vaidurya(cat’s  eye)  || Shyama Shweta (Shy colour or white)

| | Color  || Neela (blue)  ||  Shyava-aruna (grayish red) || Rakta (red) || Vaidurya(cat’s  eye)  || Shyama Shweta (Shy colour or white)

#As cardiac output and intravascular volume decrease at the end of life, there will be evidence of diminished peripheral blood perfusion. Tachycardia, hypotension, peripheral cooling, peripheral and central cyanosis, and mottling of the skin (livedo reticularis) are expected. Venous blood may pool along dependent skin surfaces. Urine output falls as perfusion of the kidneys diminishes.  

#As cardiac output and intravascular volume decrease at the end of life, there will be evidence of diminished peripheral blood perfusion. Tachycardia, hypotension, peripheral cooling, peripheral and central cyanosis, and mottling of the skin (livedo reticularis) are expected. Venous blood may pool along dependent skin surfaces. Urine output falls as perfusion of the kidneys diminishes.  

=== Bad prognosit features and relavant disease pathologies ===

=== Poor prognostic features and relevant disease pathologies ===

The prognostic features described in this chapter can be observed in various disease pathologies as shown in table 4. <ref>Mamidi P. et.al., Pannarupeeyam of Charaka Indriya Sthana- An Explorative Study, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2019; 7(6): 223-235</ref> There is a wide scope of research to study the exact clinical correlation of the features and underlying disease pathologies.  

The prognostic features described in this chapter can be observed in various disease pathologies as shown in table 4. <ref>Mamidi P. et.al., Pannarupeeyam of Charaka Indriya Sthana- An Explorative Study, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2019; 7(6): 223-235</ref> There is a wide scope of research to study the exact clinical correlation of the features and underlying disease pathologies.  

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/18 || Hepatic encephalopathy; Cirrhosis of liver; Infective hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatoblastoma;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/18 || Hepatic encephalopathy; Cirrhosis of liver; Infective hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatoblastoma;

|-

|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/19 || Central vertigo; Vertebrobasilar insufficiency; Cerebrovascular accidents; Carotid artery stenosis;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/19 || Central vertigo; Vertebro basilar insufficiency; Cerebrovascular accidents; Carotid artery stenosis;

|-

|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/20 || Carcinomas with secondary or distal metastases; Various autoimmune, neuromuscular, muscular dystrophies; Bleeding disorders; Malabsorption syndromes; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/20 || Carcinomas with secondary or distal metastases; Various autoimmune, neuromuscular, muscular dystrophies; Bleeding disorders; Malabsorption syndromes; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/26 || Pulmonary edema; Lung cancer; Pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary cachexia; Pulmonary tuberculosis;  

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/26 || Pulmonary edema; Lung cancer; Pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary cachexia; Pulmonary tuberculosis;  

|-

|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/27 || Cerebral hypoperfusion; Cerebral ischemia; Perinaud’s syndrome; Oculogyric crisis; Stenosis or aneurysm or kinking or atherosclerosis or dissection of carotid artery;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/27 || Cerebral hypo perfusion; Cerebral ischemia; Perinaud’s syndrome; Oculogyric crisis; Stenosis or aneurysm or kinking or atherosclerosis or dissection of carotid artery;

|-

|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/28 || Mumps; Diphtheria; Bilateral parotid tuberculosis; Other neoplastic or infectious diseases of salivary glands;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/28 || Mumps; Diphtheria; Bilateral parotid tuberculosis; Other neoplastic or infectious diseases of salivary glands;

</div>

</div>

== References ==

== References ==