Changes

|keywords=shadow image, complexion, luster, chhaya, varna, prabha, Ayurveda, pupuliary reaction, signs of death, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=shadow image, complexion, luster, chhaya, varna, prabha, Ayurveda, pupuliary reaction, signs of death, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in Shadows, Complexion, and luster

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 7.Fatal signs of changes in Shadows, Complexion, and luster

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

! rowspan="1"| Distinctive characteristic features of shadows  

! rowspan="1"| Distinctive characteristic features of shadows  

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| 1 || [[Akash mahabhuta]] || Clear , blue, unctuous and lustrous shadow  

| 1 || [[Akasha mahabhuta]] || Clear , blue, unctuous and lustrous shadow  

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| 2.|| [[Vayu mahabhuta]] || Dry, brown, and reddish  

| 2.|| [[Vayu mahabhuta]] || Dry, brown, and reddish  

|+ Table 2: [[Mahabhuta]] and their characteristics related to [[chhaya]] (skin complexions)  

|+ Table 2: [[Mahabhuta]] and their characteristics related to [[chhaya]] (skin complexions)  

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! Parameter!!  [[Aksaha]]!! [[Vayu mahabhuta]]!! [[Agni mahabhuta]]  !! [[Jala mahabhuta]]!! [[Prithvi mahabhuta]]  

! Parameter!!  [[Akasha mahabhuta]]!! [[Vayu mahabhuta]]!! [[Agni mahabhuta]]  !! [[Jala mahabhuta]]!! [[Prithvi mahabhuta]]  

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|-

| | Colour || Neela (blue)  ||  Shyava-aruna (grayish red) || Rakta (red) || Vaidurya(cat’s  eye)  || Shyama Shweta (Shy colour or white)

| | Color || Neela (blue)  ||  Shyava-aruna (grayish red) || Rakta (red) || Vaidurya(cat’s  eye)  || Shyama Shweta (Shy colour or white)

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|-

| | Luminosity || Saprabha (lustrous)  || Hataprabha(Lustreless)  ||  Diptabha (illuminating) || -- || --

| | Luminosity || Saprabha (lustrous)  || Hataprabha(Lustreless)  ||  Diptabha (illuminating) || -- || --

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| | Brightness || Pure ||-- ||-- || Like pure vaidurya(cat’s eye) || Unctuous |-

| | Brightness || Pure ||-- ||-- || Like pure vaidurya(cat’s eye) || Unctuous  

|-

| | Transparency || --|| --||  Vishudhdha (purely transparent)  || Shuddha(Transparent) ||--

| | Transparency || --|| --||  Vishudhdha (purely transparent)  || Shuddha(Transparent) ||--

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|| Hydration & Elasticity || Slighly unctuous || A Dried  ||-- || Good unction  || Unctous

|| Hydration & Elasticity || Slightly unctuous || Dried  ||-- || Good unction  || Unctuous

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| | Homogeneity ||-- ||-- ||  Darshana Priya (charming)  ||-- ||  Shlakshna (smooth)  

| | Homogeneity ||-- ||-- ||  Darshanapriya (charming)  ||-- ||  Shlakshna (smooth)  

|-

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| | Firmness ||-- ||-- ||-- ||-- || A Sthira (stable) and  ghana(solid)   

| | Firmness ||-- ||-- ||-- ||-- || Sthira (stable) and  ghana(solid)   

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|}

#As cardiac output and intravascular volume decrease at the end of life, there will be evidence of diminished peripheral blood perfusion. Tachycardia, hypotension, peripheral cooling, peripheral and central cyanosis, and mottling of the skin (livedo reticularis) are expected. Venous blood may pool along dependent skin surfaces. Urine output falls as perfusion of the kidneys diminishes.  

#As cardiac output and intravascular volume decrease at the end of life, there will be evidence of diminished peripheral blood perfusion. Tachycardia, hypotension, peripheral cooling, peripheral and central cyanosis, and mottling of the skin (livedo reticularis) are expected. Venous blood may pool along dependent skin surfaces. Urine output falls as perfusion of the kidneys diminishes.  

=== Bad prognosit features and relavant disease pathologies ===

=== Poor prognostic features and relevant disease pathologies ===

The prognostic features described in this chapter can be observed in various disease pathologies as shown in table 4. <ref>Mamidi P. et.al., Pannarupeeyam of Charaka Indriya Sthana- An Explorative Study, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2019; 7(6): 223-235</ref> There is a wide scope of research to study the exact clinical correlation of the features and underlying disease pathologies.  

The prognostic features described in this chapter can be observed in various disease pathologies as shown in table 4. <ref>Mamidi P. et.al., Pannarupeeyam of Charaka Indriya Sthana- An Explorative Study, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2019; 7(6): 223-235</ref> There is a wide scope of research to study the exact clinical correlation of the features and underlying disease pathologies.  

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/18 || Hepatic encephalopathy; Cirrhosis of liver; Infective hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatoblastoma;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/18 || Hepatic encephalopathy; Cirrhosis of liver; Infective hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatoblastoma;

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|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/19 || Central vertigo; Vertebrobasilar insufficiency; Cerebrovascular accidents; Carotid artery stenosis;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/19 || Central vertigo; Vertebro basilar insufficiency; Cerebrovascular accidents; Carotid artery stenosis;

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|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/20 || Carcinomas with secondary or distal metastases; Various autoimmune, neuromuscular, muscular dystrophies; Bleeding disorders; Malabsorption syndromes; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/20 || Carcinomas with secondary or distal metastases; Various autoimmune, neuromuscular, muscular dystrophies; Bleeding disorders; Malabsorption syndromes; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/26 || Pulmonary edema; Lung cancer; Pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary cachexia; Pulmonary tuberculosis;  

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/26 || Pulmonary edema; Lung cancer; Pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary cachexia; Pulmonary tuberculosis;  

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|-

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/27 || Cerebral hypoperfusion; Cerebral ischemia; Perinaud’s syndrome; Oculogyric crisis; Stenosis or aneurysm or kinking or atherosclerosis or dissection of carotid artery;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/27 || Cerebral hypo perfusion; Cerebral ischemia; Perinaud’s syndrome; Oculogyric crisis; Stenosis or aneurysm or kinking or atherosclerosis or dissection of carotid artery;

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| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/28 || Mumps; Diphtheria; Bilateral parotid tuberculosis; Other neoplastic or infectious diseases of salivary glands;

| | Cha.Sa.[[Indriya Sthana]] 7/28 || Mumps; Diphtheria; Bilateral parotid tuberculosis; Other neoplastic or infectious diseases of salivary glands;

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== References ==

== References ==