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Padartha means an object or meaning derived through an aphorism (sutra) or a term (pada). It is described as an entity that reflects the meaning of one, two, or many words. [[Ayurveda]] follows Vaisheshika's philosophy while describing padartha for disease prevention and treatment. It does not include non-existence (abhava). Sankhya and Vaisheshika state that any object denoted by a word ‘(pada)’ is termed as ‘padartha’. Therefore, all the substances, qualities, actions, specialities, mutual relations, and negations fall under ‘Padartha’.[K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana p.29]<ref name=narasimha>K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana, Chapter 1, Padartha Lakshana, Sixth edition, 2015, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi.</ref> It is thus the group of alphabets that has the power to denote the meaning of any object.<ref>Basic principles of Ayurveda Padartha Vijnana, Yogesh Chandra Mishra, fore worded and edited by Jyotirmitra Acharya, Chapter 3, Pada and Padartha, Reprinted 2011, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Page no-57</ref> The padartha vijnana is a particular branch incorporated by [[Ayurveda]] and philosophical sciences to obtain specialized knowledge of all knowable objects. Padartha are described as entities that exist (astitvam), are knowable (jneyatvam), and are denoted with a name (abhidheyatva). [SAT A.115] Padartha translates as substance or matter in the perspective of contemporary science. However, the substance is a material that possesses physical properties. It is the matter or material entity having definite characteristics.<ref>Substance.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/substance. Accessed 9 May. 2022.</ref> However, [[Ayurveda]] explores the entity of padartha as a broad term. It refers to every entity with a specific derived and applied meaning in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article describes the concept of padartha according to [[Ayurveda]] and its utilities.  

Padartha means an object or meaning derived through an aphorism (sutra) or a term (pada). It is described as an entity that reflects the meaning of one, two, or many words. [[Ayurveda]] follows Vaisheshika's philosophy while describing padartha for disease prevention and treatment. It does not include non-existence (abhava). Sankhya and Vaisheshika state that any object denoted by a word ‘(pada)’ is termed as ‘padartha’. Therefore, all the substances, qualities, actions, specialities, mutual relations, and negations fall under ‘Padartha’.[K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana p.29]<ref name=narasimha>K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana, Chapter 1, Padartha Lakshana, Sixth edition, 2015, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi.</ref> It is thus the group of alphabets that has the power to denote the meaning of any object.<ref>Basic principles of Ayurveda Padartha Vijnana, Yogesh Chandra Mishra, fore worded and edited by Jyotirmitra Acharya, Chapter 3, Pada and Padartha, Reprinted 2011, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Page no-57</ref> The padartha vijnana is a particular branch incorporated by [[Ayurveda]] and philosophical sciences to obtain specialized knowledge of all knowable objects. Padartha are described as entities that exist (astitvam), are knowable (jneyatvam), and are denoted with a name (abhidheyatva). [SAT A.115] Padartha translates as substance or matter in the perspective of contemporary science. However, the substance is a material that possesses physical properties. It is the matter or material entity having definite characteristics.<ref>Substance.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/substance. Accessed 9 May. 2022.</ref> However, [[Ayurveda]] explores the entity of padartha as a broad term. It refers to every entity with a specific derived and applied meaning in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article describes the concept of padartha according to [[Ayurveda]] and its utilities.  

 

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==Derivation and meaning==

==Derivation and meaning==

The term ‘padartha’ comprises two terms namely ‘Pada’ and ‘Artha’. Pada refers to any object, a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases, and before some taddhitas (derivative noun or an affix forming nouns from other nouns)[Monnier Williams dictionary]<ref name=MWD>Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 Basic [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 7]. Available from: https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc/indexcaller.php</ref>, a portion of a verse, quarter, or line of a stanza, pretext or part or portion of subject.<ref name=MWD/>

The term ‘padartha’ comprises two terms namely ‘Pada’ and ‘Artha’. Pada refers to any object, a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases, and before some taddhitas (derivative noun or an affix forming nouns from other nouns)[Monnier Williams dictionary]<ref name=MWD>Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 Basic [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 7]. Available from: https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc/indexcaller.php</ref>, a portion of a verse, quarter, or line of a stanza, pretext or part or portion of subject.<ref name=MWD/>

==Classification of padartha==

==Classification of padartha==

All padartha in the universe are classified as existent (bhava) or non-existent (abhava) termed as sat and asat, respectively. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11] However, Charaka has not elaborated in detail regarding the abhava padartha in comparison to Vaisheshika philosophy. Hence it is not included among the six karana mentioned in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]].

All padartha in the universe are classified as existent (bhava) or non-existent ([[abhava]]) termed as sat and asat, respectively. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11] However, Charaka has not elaborated in detail regarding the abhava padartha in comparison to Vaisheshika philosophy. Hence it is not included among the six karana mentioned in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]].

The six padartha are divided into two categories as below [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1]

The six padartha are divided into two categories as below [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1]

| | 3|| Ramanuja Nimbakacharya<ref name=Harilal>Harilal R Shivahare, Padartha Vignyana, Adhyaya 1, edited 2017, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana, Varanasi, Page No.20 </ref> || Chitta, Achitta, Ishwar  

| | 3|| Ramanuja Nimbakacharya<ref name=Harilal>Harilal R Shivahare, Padartha Vignyana, Adhyaya 1, edited 2017, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana, Varanasi, Page No.20 </ref> || Chitta, Achitta, Ishwar  

|-

|-

| | 5|| Kumaril Bhatt<ref name=Harilal/> || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], Abhava

| | 5|| Kumaril Bhatt<ref name=Harilal/> || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Abhava]]

|-

|-

| | || Murari Mishra<ref name=Harilal/> || Bramha, Dharmivishesha, Dharmavishesha, Aadharvishesha, Pradeshavishesha

| | || Murari Mishra<ref name=Harilal/> || Bramha, Dharmivishesha, Dharmavishesha, Aadharvishesha, Pradeshavishesha

| |7 || Jain Darshana<ref name=Ravi/>  || Ashrava, Bandha, Sanvara, Nirjara, Moksha, Jeeva, Ajeeva

| |7 || Jain Darshana<ref name=Ravi/>  || Ashrava, Bandha, Sanvara, Nirjara, Moksha, Jeeva, Ajeeva

|-

|-

| | || Navya Nyaya Darshana<ref>Annambhatta, Tarkasangraha, edited by Satkarisarma vangiya, Pratyaksha Paricheda, Shloka No. 2 , reprinted 2011, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sanstan, Varanasi, Page No.3</ref>, Saptapadarthi || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], [[Samvaya]], Abhava

| | || Navya Nyaya Darshana<ref>Annambhatta, Tarkasangraha, edited by Satkarisarma vangiya, Pratyaksha Paricheda, Shloka No. 2 , reprinted 2011, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sanstan, Varanasi, Page No.3</ref>, Saptapadarthi || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], [[Samvaya]], [[Abhava]]

|-

|-

| | 8||Prabhakar Mimans  ||[[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], [[Samavaya]], Shakti, Sadrishya, Sankhya  

| | 8||Prabhakar Mimans  ||[[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], [[Samavaya]], Shakti, Sadrishya, Sankhya  

|-

|-

| |10 || Madhavacharya [K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana p.13, 34]<ref name=narasimha/>  || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], Vishita, Anshi, Shadrisha, Shakti, Abhava

| |10 || Madhavacharya [K.V.L Narasimhacharyulu, Padartha Vijnana p.13, 34]<ref name=narasimha/>  || [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Samanya]], [[Vishesha]], Vishita, Anshi, Shadrisha, Shakti, [[Abhava]]

|-

|-

| |16 || Nyaya <ref>Nyaya, Nyaya Darshana, edited by Ram Sharma Acharya, Shloka Number 1, edited 1963, Sanskrit Sansthan Barailey Page No. 25</ref> || [[Pramana]], Prameya, Sanshaya, Prayojana, Drishtant, Siddhanta, Avayava, Tarka, Nirnaya, Vaada, Jalpa, Vitanda, Hetvabhasa, Jaati, Chala, Nigrahasthana

| |16 || Nyaya <ref>Nyaya, Nyaya Darshana, edited by Ram Sharma Acharya, Shloka Number 1, edited 1963, Sanskrit Sansthan Barailey Page No. 25</ref> || [[Pramana]], Prameya, Sanshaya, Prayojana, Drishtant, Siddhanta, Avayava, Tarka, Nirnaya, Vaada, Jalpa, Vitanda, Hetvabhasa, Jaati, Chala, Nigrahasthana

|-

|-

| | 25|| Sankhya <ref>Ishwar Krishna, Sankhyakarika with Gaudapadabhashya, Shloka No.3, Edited 2019, Chaukahamba Surbharati Prakashana, Varanasi, Page No. 11-12</ref> || Basic realms or components of the evolution of the universe, namely the Avyakta, [[Purusha]], Mahat, Ahankara, Tanmatra, Ekadasha Indriya, [[Panchamahabhuta]]

| | 25|| Sankhya <ref>Ishwar Krishna, Sankhyakarika with Gaudapadabhashya, Shloka No.3, Edited 2019, Chaukahamba Surbharati Prakashana, Varanasi, Page No. 11-12</ref> || Basic realms or components of the evolution of the universe, namely the [[Avyakta|Avyakta]], [[Purusha]], Mahat, Ahankara, Tanmatra, Ekadasha Indriya, [[Panchamahabhuta]]

|-

|-

| |26 || Yoga <ref>Yogacharya Krushnaji Keshav, Kolhatkar, Bharatiya Manasshastra, Sarth and Saviviran, Patanjal, Yogadarshan. P. 383</ref> || 25 components put forth by sankhya along with Ishwar component

| |26 || Yoga <ref>Yogacharya Krushnaji Keshav, Kolhatkar, Bharatiya Manasshastra, Sarth and Saviviran, Patanjal, Yogadarshan. P. 383</ref> || 25 components put forth by sankhya along with Ishwar component

==Related Chapters==

==Related Chapters==

[[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], [[Uttar Basti Siddhi]]

[[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], [[Uttar Basti Siddhi]], [[Ayurveda]], [[Kaarya Kaarana Siddhanta]], [[Samanya Vishesha Siddhanta]], [[Dravya]], [[Guna]], [[Karma]], [[Disha]],[[Samavaya]],[[Abhava]]

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