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|title=Pachana

|title=Pachana

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|description=Pachana is a therapy which includes medicines that kindle/stimulate the digestion and enhance metabolism to

|description=Pachana is a therapy which includes medicines that kindle/stimulate the digestion and enhance metabolism to

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<p style="text-align:justify;">The word ‘pachana’ literally means digestion, cooking, boiling, baking, softening.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, pacana, Page 614.</ref> In medical treatments, it denotes digestion or promoting digestion. It is an important treatment for indigestion. It is intended to remove undigested food/toxins ([[ama]]) from the body and is a prerequisite before purificatory therapies. It is prescribed for the pacification of [[dosha]] in the treatment of mild diseases. [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 14/06]<ref name= Hridaya > Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref>

The word ‘pachana’ literally means digestion, cooking, boiling, baking, softening.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, pacana, Page 614.</ref> In medical treatments, it denotes digestion or promoting digestion. It is an important treatment for indigestion. It is intended to remove undigested food/toxins ([[ama]]) from the body and is a prerequisite before purificatory therapies. It is prescribed for the pacification of [[dosha]] in the treatment of mild diseases. [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 14/06]<ref name= Hridaya > Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref>

 

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Authors

|data2 =Aneesh E.G., Deole Yogesh S.

|data2 =Aneesh E.G., Deole Y.S.

|label3 = Reviewed and Edited by  

|label3 =Reviewed and Edited by  

|data3 = Basisht G.

|data3 = Basisht G.

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|data5 = draneesheg@gmail.com,

carakasamhita@gmail.com

 

|label6 = Date of first publication:

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|data6 = April 28, 2021

|data7 = April 28, 2021

|label7 = DOI

|label8 = DOI

|data7 = Awaited

|data8 = 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.052

}}

}}

===External application===

===External application===

The pachana medicine is applied externally in the form of poultice [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/52]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>, topical applications etc. E.g.application of alkali (kshara) over inflammatory swelling (vranashopha) for suppuration. [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 11/05]<ref name=Susruta/>

The pachana medicine is applied externally in the form of poultice [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/52]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>, topical applications etc. E.g.application of alkali (kshara) over inflammatory swelling (vranashopha) for suppuration. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 11/05]<ref name=Susruta/>

==Properties==

==Properties==

The food or medicine or therapy having pachana effect possess hot potency [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 46/515]<ref name=Susruta/> and dryness property (ruksha guna). [Adhamalla on Sha.Purvakhanda 04/01]<ref name=Shargadara/>

The food or medicine or therapy having pachana effect possess hot potency [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/515]<ref name=Susruta/> and dryness property (ruksha guna). [Adhamalla on Sha.Purvakhanda 04/01]<ref name=Shargadara/>

The following table lists some examples for pachana food and medicines.  

The following table lists some examples for pachana food and medicines.  

! Medicines !! Food items

! Medicines !! Food items

|-

|-

| | Nagakeshara (Mesua ferrea) [Sha.Pu.04/01] || Curd, buttermilk, vinegar [Su.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 1/25]

| | Nagakeshara (Mesua ferrea) [Sha.Purvakhanda.04/01]<ref name=Shargadara/> || Curd, buttermilk, vinegar [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/25]<ref name=Susruta/>

|-

|-

| | Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) [A.H Sutra Sthana 6/153] || Citrus fruit (jambeera) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/167],

| | Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) [A.Hr Sutra Sthana 6/153]<ref name=Hridaya/> || Citrus fruit (jambeera) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/167],

|-

|-

| | Musta (Cyperus rotundus) [A.S.Sutrasthana 12/38] || Jagala (a variety of wine) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/181],

| | Musta (Cyperus rotundus) [A.S.Sutra sthana 12/38]<ref name=Sangraha/> || Jagala (a variety of wine) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/181],

|-

|-

| | Pippalyadigana [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 38/23] || Asafoetida (hingu) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/299],

| | Pippalyadigana [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 38/23]<ref name=Susruta/> || Asafoetida (hingu) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/299],

|-

|-

| | Vachadigana[Su.Sa.SutraSthana 38/26] || Oil [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 45/112],

| | Vachadigana[Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 38/26]<ref name=Susruta/> || Oil [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 45/112]<ref name=Susruta/>,

|-

|-

| | Haridradigana[Su.Sa.SutraSthana 38/27] || Scum of gruel prepared with fried paddy (lajamanda)[Su.Sa.SutraSthana 46/340]

| | Haridradigana[Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 38/27]<ref name=Susruta/> || Scum of gruel prepared with fried paddy (lajamanda)[Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 46/340]<ref name=Susruta/>

|-

|-

| | Mustadigana [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 38/54-55] ||  

| | Mustadigana [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 38/54-55]<ref name=Susruta/> ||  

|-

|-

|}

|}

'''Time of administration:'''The medicines for pachana effect shall be administered before and after food (samudgam). [A.S Sutra Sthana 23/20]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>  

'''Time of administration:'''The medicines for pachana effect shall be administered before and after food (samudgam). [A.S Sutra Sthana 23/20]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>  

   

   

'''Taste (rasa) with pachana property:''' Salt (lavana), bitter (tikta) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/43], sour (amla) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 10/10]<ref name=Hridaya/>, spicy (katu). [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 10/17]<ref name=Hridaya/>  

'''Taste (rasa) with pachana property:''' Salt (lavana), bitter (tikta) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/43], sour (amla) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 10/10]<ref name=Hridaya/>, spicy (katu). [A.Hr.Sutra Sthana 10/17]<ref name=Hridaya/>

==General indications for pachana==

==General indications for pachana==

===Management of complications of therapy===

===Management of complications of therapy===

   

   

*In therapeutic enema, if the enema medicine is obstructed due to presence of food in gut, then pachana should be prescribed. [Cha.Sa.[[Sddhi Sthana]] 4/35]

*In therapeutic enema, if the enema medicine is obstructed due to presence of food in gut, then pachana should be prescribed. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 4/35]

*The complications like a fissure in ano (parikartika), fatigue due to improper purification therapies are treated by pachana medicines. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhia Sthana]] 6/63][Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 6/93]

*The complications like a fissure in ano (parikartika), fatigue due to improper purification therapies are treated by pachana medicines. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 6/63], [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 6/93]

==Precautions==

==Precautions==

==More information==

==More information==

[[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya]]

[[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya]], [[Deepana]], [[Panchakarma]]

== Abbreviations ==

== Abbreviations ==

Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, S. = Sangraha, Hr. = Hridayam, Sha = Sharangadara, Sa. = Samhita.

Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, S. = Sangraha, Hr. = Hridayam, Sha = Sharangadara, Sa. = Samhita.

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The list of references for pachana in Charak Samhita can be seen [[Media:List_of_references_for_word_pachana_in_charaka-converted.pdf|here]]

==References==  

==References==