Charak Samhita

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== Daily consumable food items ==
 
== Daily consumable food items ==
 
List of daily consumable food items described in Charak Samhita, Ashtanga hridaya, Ashtanga samgraha and Kaiyyadeva Nighantu is as follows:
 
List of daily consumable food items described in Charak Samhita, Ashtanga hridaya, Ashtanga samgraha and Kaiyyadeva Nighantu is as follows:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Some food items have been uniquely mentioned like:
 +
|·        Indian gooseberry- Emblica officinalis Gaertn (''Amalaki'')
 +
 +
·        Cow’s milk (''Godugdha'')
 +
 +
·        Cow’s ghee               (''Goghrita'')
 +
 +
·        Meat of animal in arid  climate  (''Jangala'' ''mamsa'')
 +
 +
·        Honey (''Madhu'')
 +
 +
·        Rainwater (''Antariksha'' ''jala'')
 +
 +
·        Green gram- Vigna radiata L. (''Mudga'')
 +
 +
·        Rock salt- Sodii chloridum (''Saindhava'')
 +
 +
·        Rice- Oryza sativum L. (''Shashtika'' ''Shali'')
 +
 +
·        Barley- Hordeum vulgare L. (''Yava'')
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
 +
Ch.Su.5/12
 +
 +
A.Sa.Su.10/45,  A.Hr.Su.8/42, Kai.Ni.7/277
 +
|-
 +
|·        Unripen radish-Raphanus sativus L. (''Bala'' ''mulaka'')
 +
 +
·        Pomegranate-Punica granatum L. (''Dadima'')
 +
 +
·        Wheat- Triticum aestivum L. (''Godhuma'')
 +
 +
·        Cork swallow wort- Leptadenia reticulata Retz./ Holostemma  adakodien schultes (''Jivanti'')
 +
 +
·        Dried grapes-Vitis vinifera L. (''Mridvika'')
 +
 +
·        Chebulic myrobalan- Terminalia chebula Retz. (''Pathyaa''/''Haritaki'')
 +
 +
·        Pointed gourd- Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (''Patola'')
 +
 +
·        Rock sugar (''Sharkara'')
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
A.Sa.Su.10/45,  A.Hr.Su.8/42, Kai.Ni.7/277
 +
|-
 +
|·        Clover fern plant- Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (''Sunishannaka'')
 +
 +
·        White goosefoot/ pigweed- Chenopodium album L.  (''Vastuka'')
 +
|A.Sa.Su.10/45,  A.Hr.Su.8/42,
 +
|}
 +
Properties of daily consumable food items from different classics and contemporary sciences are summarized in Table-2.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!'''SN'''
 +
!'''Items'''
 +
!'''Taste'''
 +
!'''Post digestive effect'''
 +
!'''Potency'''
 +
!
 +
 +
'''Prop'''
 +
 +
'''erties'''
 +
!'''Effect on Dosha'''
 +
!
 +
 +
'''Pharmacological  properties'''
 +
!'''References'''
 +
|-
 +
|1.       
 +
|Indian  gooseberry
 +
|sour, sweet, bitter, astringent, pungent
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
 +
dry
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, hepato-protective ,  cyto-protective
 +
|9,10,11,
 +
 +
12
 +
|-
 +
|2.       
 +
|Rainwater
 +
|Unmanifested
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'', purifies blood
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3.       
 +
|Pomegranate
 +
|Sour, astringent, sweet
 +
|sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Vata'', does not  vitiate ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|antioxidant,  skin protecting activity against  AGEs and UV-A, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory,  cytoprotective, embryo-protective.
 +
|13,14,15,16,17
 +
|-
 +
|4.       
 +
|Cow’s milk
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, gut protective
 +
|18,19
 +
|-
 +
|5.       
 +
|Cow’s ghee
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties, gastroprotective and adaptogenic, antimicrobial activity, immunostimulant, antioxidant and hepatoprotective  activity.
 +
|20,21,22,23
 +
|-
 +
|6.       
 +
|Wheat
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
Heavy, unctuous ''<sup> </sup>''
 +
|alleviates  ''Vata'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|anti- oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic,  neuro-protective, anti-microbial activity, protective to the skin  and gastric, intestinal mucosa.
 +
|25,26,27,28,29,30,31
 +
|-
 +
|7.       
 +
|Meat of arid animal
 +
|astringent,  sweet
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'', at some extent causing fluid secretion
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8.       
 +
|Leptadenia  reticulata Retz./ Holostemma adakodien schultes
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|antioxidant, free radical  scavenging property, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory    
 +
|32,33,34,35,36
 +
|-
 +
|9.       
 +
|Honey
 +
|astringent, sweet
 +
|Pungent
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' 
 +
|hepatoprotective, cardio- protective, cyto-protective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective  properties.
 +
|37,38,39,40
 +
|-
 +
|10.    
 +
|Dry grapes
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
 +
-
 +
|alleviates  ''Vata'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|antioxidant, hepato-protective,  immuno-modulatory, Vaso protective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer,  cardioprotective, gastroprotective and nephroprotective properties.
 +
|41,42,43,44,45,46, 47,48
 +
|-
 +
|11.    
 +
|Green gram
 +
|astringent, sweet
 +
|Pungent
 +
|cold
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
Laghu, Vishada
 +
|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' 
 +
|anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic,
 +
 +
anti-anemic,
 +
 +
anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial
 +
|49,50,51,52,53
 +
|-
 +
|12.    
 +
|Unripen  radish
 +
|pungent, bitter
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|hot
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|-
 +
|13.    
 +
|Chebulic  myrobalan
 +
|Astringent, pungent, bitter, Madhura sweet,  sour
 +
|sweet
 +
|hot
 +
|
 +
 +
 +
-
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-aging,  cardio-protective, hepato-protective activities
 +
|54,55,56,57
 +
|-
 +
|14.    
 +
|Pointed gourd
 +
|bitter, pungent
 +
|Sweet
 +
|hot
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antitumor, cytotoxic, arsenic poisoning ameliorative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal
 +
|58
 +
|-
 +
|15.    
 +
|Rock salt
 +
|salty,  sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|-
 +
|16.    
 +
|Red rice
 +
|sweet,  astringent
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|antioxidant,  cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective.
 +
|59,60,61,62
 +
|-
 +
|17.    
 +
|Rock sugar
 +
|sweet
 +
|Sweet
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Pitta''
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|-
 +
|18.    
 +
|Clover  fern
 +
|sweet, astringent
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|anti-inflammatory activity, diuretic  activity, anti-venom activity, hypo glycemic activity and anti-bacterial  activity
 +
|63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70
 +
|-
 +
|19.    
 +
|White goosefoot/ pigweed
 +
|sweet
 +
|Pungent
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha''
 +
|anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastroprotective, hepato-protective,  anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial ,
 +
|71,72,73,74
 +
|-
 +
|20.    
 +
|Hordeum vulgare L.
 +
|sweet, astringent
 +
|Pungent
 +
|cold
 +
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
 +
|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta''
 +
|anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory
 +
|75,76
 +
|}
     
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