Changes

*Food and beverages that are excessively hot in potency cause disturbances in the physiology of menstruation especially in the growth and development of follicles/ovum. (andopachaya). [ Ka. Sa. Kalpa Sthana 7/32]

*Food and beverages that are excessively hot in potency cause disturbances in the physiology of menstruation especially in the growth and development of follicles/ovum. (andopachaya). [ Ka. Sa. Kalpa Sthana 7/32]

*Consumption of excessive salty, sour, heavy, pungent substances, those producing burning sensation(vidahi), excessive use of unctuous substances, meat of domestic, aquatic and fatty animals, mixture of cooked rice and pulses (krushara), curd, vinegar, curd-water(mastu) and wine leads to excessive menstrual bleeding. [Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 30/204]

*Consumption of excessive salty, sour, heavy, pungent substances, those producing burning sensation(vidahi), excessive use of unctuous substances, meat of domestic, aquatic and fatty animals, mixture of cooked rice and pulses (krushara), curd, vinegar, curd-water(mastu) and wine leads to excessive menstrual bleeding. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/204]

'''2. Lifestyle factors:'''

'''2. Lifestyle factors:'''

*The daily activities in general and those during menstruation influence reproductive health. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Su.Sa. ShariraSthana 2/24-25]

*The daily activities in general and those during menstruation influence reproductive health. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8], [Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana 2/24-25]

*Suppression of natural urges (vega dharana) of micturition, defecation etc. leading to aggravation of “apana vayu” cause menstrual disorders. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/25-26].

*Suppression of natural urges (vega dharana) of micturition, defecation etc. leading to aggravation of “apana vayu” cause menstrual disorders. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/25-26].

*The specific activities like continuous travelling especially  in jerky vehicles,continuos sitting or standing in one position , excessive walking and exersion cause vitiation of “apana vayu” and lead to menstrual disorders. [A. Hr. Ni. 16/27]

*The specific activities like continuous travelling especially  in jerky vehicles,continuos sitting or standing in one position , excessive walking and exersion cause vitiation of “apana vayu” and lead to menstrual disorders. [A. Hr. Ni. 16/27]

*Use of artificial objects for sexual pleasure are considered as risk factors for menstrual disorders. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8] [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 33/27-28]  

*Use of artificial objects for sexual pleasure are considered as risk factors for menstrual disorders. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/7-8] [A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 33/27-28]  

'''3. Psychological factors:'''  

'''3. Psychological factors:'''  

'''4. Improper use of therapeutic interventions:'''

'''4. Improper use of therapeutic interventions:'''

*Administration of nasal medication (nasya) during menstrual phase, administration of strong medication for purification therapy (shodhana) in a woman who is sensitive to mild purgatives (mrudu koshtha) leads to disorders of menstruation. [Ka. Sa. Siddhi Sthana4/6] [Ka.Sa Siddhi Sthana 3/20]

*Administration of nasal medication (nasya) during menstrual phase, administration of strong medication for purification therapy (shodhana) in a woman who is sensitive to mild purgatives (mrudu koshtha) leads to disorders of menstruation. [Ka. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 4/6] [Ka. Sa Siddhi Sthana 3/20]

'''5. Congenital factors:'''  

'''5. Congenital factors:'''  

===Pathophysiology===

===Pathophysiology===

'''Functions of 5 types of vata  in reproductive physiology''' [A.S.Sutra Sthana 20/2]

'''Functions of 5 types of vata  in reproductive physiology''' [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/2]

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

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*Heavy menstrual bleeding is also included in the disorders of blood (raktapradoshaja vikara).[ Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 28/11]

*Heavy menstrual bleeding is also included in the disorders of blood (raktapradoshaja vikara).[ Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 28/11]

*The obstructive pathology due to kapha usually leads to decrease in the fuction due increase in the properties like coldness[[sheeta]], dullness/slowness[[manda]] and immobility[[sthiratva]]. While explaining the pathology of secondary amenorrhoea(artava nasha), it is clarified that the [[dosha]] causing the occlusion of [[vata]] here is either [[kapha]] or another form of [[vata]] itself, but not [[pitta]].[Dalhana commentary on  Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana 2/21]

*The obstructive pathology due to kapha usually leads to decrease in the fuction due increase in the properties like coldness[[sheeta]], dullness/slowness[[manda]] and immobility[[sthiratva]]. While explaining the pathology of secondary amenorrhoea(artava nasha), it is clarified that the [[dosha]] causing the occlusion of [[vata]] here is either [[kapha]] or another form of [[vata]] itself, but not [[pitta]].[Dalhana commentary on  Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 2/21]

===General features===

===General features===

It includes:

It includes:

a)'''Menorrhagia''': excessive bleeding in terms of quantityand duration(atiprasangena pravruttam).  It is defined as menstrual blood loss greater than 80 ml.

a)'''Menorrhagia''': excessive bleeding in terms of quantity and duration(atiprasangena pravruttam).  It is defined as menstrual blood loss greater than 80 ml.

b)'''Metrorrhagia''': intermenstrual bleeding(anrutavapi pravruttam)

b)'''Metrorrhagia''': intermenstrual bleeding(anrutavapi pravruttam)

•Continuously suffering from thirst, burning sensation, fever, anaemia, and weakness*

•Continuously suffering from thirst, burning sensation, fever, anaemia, and weakness*

•Resembles a sour liqid called “Kanji” prepared from rice and foul smelling.**

•Resembles a sour liquid called “Kanji” prepared from rice and foul smelling.**

•Blue like bronze, dirty and foul smelling.***

•Blue like bronze, dirty and foul smelling.***