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== Predisposing factors for early menopause (nidana) ==
 
== Predisposing factors for early menopause (nidana) ==
a) Dietary factors:  
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'''a)Dietary factors:'''
The role of diet in menstruation (artava) is known. [A.Hr. Sharira Sthana 1/7]. The onset and cessation of menstruation depend upon dietary habits. [Ka. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/4].
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Excess and long-term consumption of the following food and dietary habits can lead to early onset of menopause. These factors are responsible for premature aging, too.
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• Excessive use of sour, saline, pungent, alkaline substances
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• Dried vegetables and meat
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• Habitual use of food items prepared using sesame paste and rice flour
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• Germinated or fresh leguminous cereals
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• Incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline substances
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• Substances that are heavy to digest, cold potency and can cause obstruction in body channels
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• Decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and stale food items
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• Irregular dietary habits
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• Food consumed in a state of indigestion [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
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b) Lifestyle factors
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The role of diet in menstruation (artava) is well known. [A.Hr. Sharira Sthana 1/7]. The onset and cessation of menstruation depend upon dietary habits. [Ka. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/4].
Excess daytime sleep
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Excessive indulgence in sexual activities  
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Excess and long-term consumption of the following food and dietary habits can lead to the early onset of menopause. These factors are responsible for premature aging, too.
Excessive alcohol consumption  
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Irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
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*Excessive use of sour, saline, pungent, alkaline substances.
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 +
*Dried vegetables and meat.
 +
 
 +
*Habitual use of food items prepared using sesame paste and rice flour.
 +
 
 +
*Germinated or fresh leguminous cereals.
 +
 
 +
*Incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline substances.
 +
 
 +
*Substances that are heavy to digest, cold potency and can cause obstruction in body channels.
 +
 +
*Decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and stale food items.
 +
 
 +
*Irregular dietary habits.
 +
 
 +
*Food consumed in a state of indigestion [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
 +
 
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'''b) Lifestyle factors'''
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*Excess daytime sleep.
 +
 
 +
*Excessive indulgence in sexual activities.
 +
 +
*Excessive alcohol consumption.
 +
 +
*Irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
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'''c) Medical or surgical conditions'''
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c) Medical or surgical conditions
   
Any medical illness leading to a severe loss of tissue elements (dhatukshaya) can cause the early onset of menopause. Injury to the channels carrying menstrual blood (artavavaha srotas) or surgical removal of the reproductive organs leads to acquired menopause.
 
Any medical illness leading to a severe loss of tissue elements (dhatukshaya) can cause the early onset of menopause. Injury to the channels carrying menstrual blood (artavavaha srotas) or surgical removal of the reproductive organs leads to acquired menopause.
d) Psychological factors
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'''d) Psychological factors'''
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Disturbed mental state due to fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion, and exhaustion can cause early menopause. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
 
Disturbed mental state due to fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion, and exhaustion can cause early menopause. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana ]] 1/2/3]
e) Time factor
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Ageing is the fundamental factor for menopause. [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/115]. It is responsible for gradual decrease of vital energy (ojas). The reproductive processes like menarche, lactation, and menopause occur at a particular age per the time factor (kala)[ Sha. Sa. Purva Khanda 4/96]
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'''e) Time factor'''
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Ageing is the fundamental factor for menopause. [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/115]. It is responsible for the gradual decrease of vital energy ([[ojas]]). The reproductive processes like menarche, lactation, and menopause occur at a particular age per the time factor (kala)[ Sha. Sa. Purva Khanda 4/96]
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== Preclinical features  (poorvarupa) ==
 
== Preclinical features  (poorvarupa) ==
 
The preclinical features of old age (jara) are similar to that of menopause as below.  
 
The preclinical features of old age (jara) are similar to that of menopause as below.  
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